Toyo Kisen
Toyo Kisen Kaisha (東洋汽船, Tōyō Kisen; TKK, "Oriental Steamship Company") was a Japanese shipping company, headquartered in Tokyo.[1]
In 1896 Asano Sōichirō created the company, with the plan to have a shipping line to San Francisco.[2]
Starting in 1905 it operated passenger ships for the routes from Japan to South America, and the company transported low income East Asian immigrants to South America. The Japanese government funded the company via the National Far Western Shipping Route Subsidizing Act.[3]
In 1926 the company decided to stop operating passenger ships due to competition from ships operated by American and British companies and due to a reduction in immigration. Nippon Yusen took the ships that TKK operated.[4]
Ships
- America Maru
- Anyo Maru
- Bokuyo Maru
- Hong Kong Maru
- Kiyo Maru
- Korea Maru
- Nippon Maru
- Persia Maru
- Seiyo Maru
- Shinyo Maru
- Siberia Maru
- Tenyo Maru
References
- ^ The Ship Compendium and Yearbook (PDF). London: Compendiums Ltd. 1922. p. 165.
TOYO KISEN KABUSHIKI KAISHA (ORIENTAL STEAMSHIP CO., LD.) No. 1, 1-Chome Eiraku-Cho Kojimachiku, Tokio (S 35)
- ^ Yamada, Michio (January 1994). "Emigrants to North America in the Meiji Era" (PDF). Ships of the World. Translated by Yuko Okubo – via The Academic Society for Cruise and Ferry, Japan. - Cited page 5. Original article in Japanese - Relevant passage is on page 161, PDF p. 4/7.
- ^ Yamada, Michio (June 1994). "The Appearance of the Anyo Maru, the First Ship Specially Built for Emigration" (PDF). Ships of the World. Translated by R. Douglas Welch – via The Academic Society for Cruise and Ferry, Japan. - Relevant cited page is the second one. Original article in Japanese - Relevant passage is on page 110 (PDF p. 1/7).
- ^ Yamada, Michio (December 1994). "The Anti-Japanese Problem and Passenger Ships on the North American Routes" (PDF). Ships of the World. Translated by R. Douglas Welch – via The Academic Society for Cruise and Ferry, Japan. - Cited p. 13. - Original Japanese article - Relevant passage is on page 220 (PDF p. 7/7).
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toyo Kisen Kaisha.
- Greenstein, Elijah J. "Japanese Shipping Lines in Latin America, 1905–1941". In Pedro Iacobelli; Sidney Xu Lu (eds.). The Japanese Empire and Latin America. University of Hawaii Press. JSTOR j.ctv2xh53nw.
- Hideo Nakano, ed. (1964). Tōyō Kisen Roku Jū Yon Nen No Ayumi 束洋汽船六 十四年 のあゆ [The 64 Year History of Toyo Steamships]. - Profile at Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation
- "Toyo Kisen Kaisha = Oriental Steam-Ship Company (Woman with a fan)". University of Southern California Libraries.
- "Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Company) log book". National Museum of American History.