Tongliang, Chongqing
Tongliang
铜梁区 | |
|---|---|
Location of Tongliang in Chongqing | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Municipality | Chongqing |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,340 km2 (520 sq mi) |
| Population (2024) | |
• Total | 685,700 |
| • Density | 512/km2 (1,330/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Tongliang District (Chinese: 铜梁区; pinyin: Tóngliáng Qū) is a district of Chongqing Municipality, China.
Geography
Tongliang District covers 1,340.47 square kilometres (517.56 sq mi).[1] Six tributaries of the Jialing River flow through Tongliang: the Fu River, Qiong River, Xiaoanxi, Pingtanhe, Jiuyuanhe, and Huaiyuanhe.[2]
The name Tongliang was first recorded before 221 BCE, during the pre-Qin era and is derived from Tongliang Mountain, part of which now lies on the border with Hechuan District.[2][3] Tongliang (lit. 'copper beam') refers to the colour and shape produced when sunlight reflects off the mountainside.[4] Unlike other toponyms, Tongliang has continuously remained the place name for its namegiving settlement since its first usage.[2]
History
The Tongliang Culture site, unearthed at the Xiguo Reservoir in 1976, attests to human settlement since the Upper Paleolithic era, c. 20,000 years before its discovery. It was inhabited by the Ba people.[2][5]
Tongliang was part of Liangzhou during the Xia and Shang dynasties, then the Ba state in the Zhou dynasty. Tongliang was a fief during the Warring States period. During the Qin and Han dynasties, Tongliang was administered by Dianjiang County under the Ba Commandery before becoming part of Shijing County (the modern Hechuan District) in Hezhou during the Sui and Tang dynasties. During this time, Tongliang contained parts of other modern districts, such as Tongnan and Dazu.[6]
Tongliang was officially established as a county in 703 under Empress Wu Zetian during the Wu Zhou dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang moved Tongliang County three times within his reign, first from Tongliang's original location in Daichangba to Wujinkeng (now in Hechuan) in 715, then to Dongliuxi in 728, and finally to a more permanent area, south of Hechuan, in 735, with Bachuan County being split off from Tongliang. Between the Song and Yuan dynasties, Tongliang's territory fluctuated through merged counties, some of which were subsequently restored and added to other counties which were then returned to Tongliang.[3]
In 1280, Kublai Khan abolished Bachuan County and merge it back into Tongliang, which was moved north to the counties of Shizhao (Hechuan), Dazu, and Suining. Territory was again added and removed in the following decades. Tongliang joined the Ming Xia under Ming Yuzhen, who restored sections of Tongliang previously given to Chang Prefecture. In 1480, four areas of Tongliang, Xingxing, Anle, Anzheng, and Wan'an, were ceded to Anju County, which was made part of Chongqing Prefecture. In 1662, Tongliang and Anju were merged into Hezhou before becoming counties again in 1721, still under Chongqing. Parts of Anju remained under independent control from Tongliang due to separating water levels. In 1903, Tongliang claimed authority over the remaining areas of Anju.[4][6]
In mid-1911, the Railway Protection Movement based a branch in Tongliang, followed by the Tongliang County Military Government on 25 November of the same year. When the previous administrative structures were abolished in 1913, Tongliang was made part of East Sichuan Circuit. In 1928, Tongliang became directly administered by Sichuan Province. Between 1949 and 1955, various townships, towns, and villages were redistributed between Tongliang, Yongchuan, Dazu, and Hechuan. In 1983, Tongliang County was put under jurisdiction of Chongqing, as part of Yongchuan District. On 14 March 1994, the districts within Tongliang were given county-level status and October 2006, subdistricts were formed out of four towns. On 2 May 2014 Tongliang was upgraded from a county into a district within Chongqing, officially appearing as such in listings on 6 June 2014.[4][6]
Culture
Tongliang is best known for its particular variety of dragon dance, consisting of two acts, Dragon Lantern Dance and the Decorative Lantern Dance. Its unique traditions are believed to have their origins in the Ba people's Bashe. Its popularity has come to represent the dragon dances of Chongqing as a whole and it has been performed domestically and internationally by Tongliang city's dance troop.[2][7][8] On 20 May 2006, Tongliang Dragon Dance was designated an intangible cultural heritage by the State Council.[2]
The Huangjuemen Colorful Garden, where the dance is typically performed within Chongqing,[8] also has the reputation as a faithful love spot, encouraging visiting couples to make vows and tie red ribbons to the entrance gate as a symbolic gesture.[2]
Tongliang Museum holds a "Mini Terracotta Army" excavated from the family tomb of Ming dynasty official Chen Jia, his parents, and his nephew. Unlike the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang, the statues were individually hand-carved and not burned.[9]
Anju, the oldest town in Tongliang, was established in 588 as Chishui County, renamed in 1480 and finally incorporated into Tongliang County in 1728.[2] It is a AAAA Tourist Attraction for its ancient age, Ba–Shu culture, records of visiting poets, and history during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[7]
Administrative divisions
As of 2025, Tongliang contains 5 subdistricts and 23 towns.[1]
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[10] | Area (km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bachuan Subdistrict | 巴川街道 | Bāchuān Jiēdào | 80,534 | 37.33 |
| Dongcheng Subdistrict | 东城街道 | Dōngchéng Jiēdào | 78,721 | |
| Nancheng Subdistrict | 南城街道 | Nánchéng Jiēdào | 49,265 | 60.34 |
| Jiuxian Subdistrict | 旧县街道 | Jiùxiàn Jiēdào | 31,499 | 63.4 |
| Pulü Subdistrict | 蒲吕街道 | Púlǚ Jiēdào | 22,719 | 42 |
| Shiyu town | 石鱼镇 | Shíyú Zhèn | 14,050 | 42 |
| Tuqiao town | 土桥镇 | Tǔqiáo Zhèn | 13,496 | 50.5 |
| Erping town | 二坪镇 | Èrpíng Zhèn | 7,806 | 26.4 |
| Shuikou town | 水口镇 | Shuǐkǒu Zhèn | 5,729 | 23 |
| Anju town | 安居镇 | Ānjū Zhèn | 21,000 | 57.4 |
| Baiyang town | 白羊镇 | Báiyáng Zhèn | 9,284 | 44 |
| Pingtan town | 平滩镇 | Píngtān Zhèn | 30,816 | 91 |
| Fuguo town | 福果镇 | Fúguǒ Zhèn | 12,161 | 37 |
| Weixin town | 维新镇 | Wéixīn Zhèn | 10,872 | |
| Gaolou town | 高楼镇 | Gāolóu Zhèn | 6,364 | 26.5 |
| Damiao town | 大庙镇 | Dàmiào Zhèn | 16,277 | 41.4 |
| Weilong town | 围龙镇 | Wéilóng Zhèn | 14,690 | 46.5 |
| Huaxing town | 华兴镇 | Huáxìng Zhèn | 9,316 | 40 |
| Yongjia town | 永嘉镇 | Yǒngjiā Zhèn | 22,377 | 64 |
| Anxi town | 安溪镇 | Ānxī Zhèn | 6,075 | 29 |
| Xihe town | 西河镇 | Xīhé Zhèn | 12,567 | 40 |
| Taiping town | 太平镇 | Tàipíng Zhèn | 17,909 | 48.2 |
| Hufeng town | 虎峰镇 | Hǔfēng Zhèn | 30,248 | 54.8 |
| Shaoyun town | 少云镇 | Shǎoyún Zhèn | 19,174 | 51.5 |
| Lüfeng town | 侣俸镇 | Lǚfèng Zhèn | 33,968 | 51.13 |
| Xiaolin town | 小林镇 | Xiǎolín Zhèn | 6,753 | 30.67 |
| Shuangshan town | 双山镇 | Shuāngshān Zhèn | 7,329 | 33.83 |
| Qinglong town | 庆隆镇 | Qìnglóng Zhèn | 9,087 | 28 |
Climate
| Climate data for Tongliang, elevation 326 m (1,070 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.4 (99.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.3 (104.5) |
42.9 (109.2) |
44.1 (111.4) |
35.3 (95.5) |
26.2 (79.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
44.1 (111.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.2 (91.8) |
27.9 (82.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.2 (52.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
18.5 (65.3) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
18.3 (65.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.3 (52.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
19.3 (66.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.6 (29.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
0.4 (32.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17.8 (0.70) |
19.8 (0.78) |
44.6 (1.76) |
87.8 (3.46) |
129.2 (5.09) |
193.8 (7.63) |
178.7 (7.04) |
143.3 (5.64) |
115.9 (4.56) |
88.7 (3.49) |
41.8 (1.65) |
21.0 (0.83) |
1,082.4 (42.63) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.1 | 8.8 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 15.4 | 16.1 | 12.1 | 10.8 | 13.4 | 16.5 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 149.5 |
| Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85 | 81 | 77 | 76 | 76 | 81 | 77 | 74 | 80 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 80 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 31.6 | 41.9 | 86.4 | 119.4 | 123.4 | 108.7 | 173.0 | 180.7 | 101.6 | 53.8 | 45.9 | 25.0 | 1,091.4 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 10 | 13 | 23 | 31 | 29 | 26 | 41 | 45 | 28 | 15 | 15 | 8 | 24 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
2004 bombing
On 18 November 2004, at about 15:50, a bombing at the Tang San teahouse during a low-stake card game event in Xima village, Bachuan, killed 15 people, including the perpetrator, and injured 28 others. The bomber, 41-year-old Yuan Daizhong (袁代中) had fatally stabbed his wife Tan Bishu (谭碧书) earlier the same day at their home in Yueyang village, less than one kilometre from the teahouse. Yuan had called relatives to confess about the murder shortly before the bombing and stopped by his child's school to hand over his life savings (¥380). Yuan had substantial gambling debts and Tan, who was threatening divorce, had recently blocked her husband's access to their finances.[13][14][15]
Education
Chongqing Tongliang NO.1 Experimental Primary School is among the best primary schools of Chongqing.
Chongqing Tongliang NO.2 Experimental Primary School is in this district.
Chongqing Bachuan International High School is a private school in the district, which is known as an expert of junior and high school education.[16]
Chongqing Tongliang Bachuan Middle School.
Tongliang Zhong Xue is the best high school in Tongliang district. It has a long history and have cultivated a large amount of talents for the top Universities in China.
Notable people
- Qiu Shaoyun (1926–1952), soldier of the Korean War and national martyr
- Wang Shu (fl.1721–1740), Qing dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and governor of Fujian
- Zhang Jiayin (1527–1588), Ming dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and governor of Jiliao circuit
- Wu Hong'en (1834–), Qing dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and prefect for various prefectures
- Wu Rujia, son of Wang Shu, Qing dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and contributor to the Siku Quanshu
- Zeng Yuhuang (1788–1853), Qing dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and shujishi
- Hu Yaochen (1507–1579), Ming dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and governor of Hunan
- Wang Rubi (1747–1806), Qing dynasty official, jinshi degree holder, and governor of Anhui
- Tian Xiwei (1997 - ), Chinese Actress
References
- ^ a b "重庆市铜梁区行政区划（2025年）". 行政区划.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "新重庆·老地名丨铜梁区——龙文化的新内涵". 重庆市民政府. 20 February 2024.
- ^ a b "铜梁地名由来". 重庆市铜梁区人民政府. 4 February 2026.
- ^ a b c "铜梁区历史沿革". 行政区划. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023.
- ^ "铜梁文化古遗址_重庆市铜梁区人民政府". 重庆市铜梁区人民政府. 24 February 2026.
- ^ a b c "建置沿革". 重庆市铜梁区人民政府. 24 February 2026.
- ^ a b "铜梁之旅". 重庆市人民政府. 8 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Traveling abroad, Tongliang Dragon Dance witnesses ever-expanding "circle of dragon friends"". CQNews. 7 August 2024.
- ^ "铜梁出土全国独有"小兵马俑"". 二三里. 4 August 2005.
- ^ shi, Guo wu yuan ren kou pu cha ban gong; council, Guo jia tong ji ju ren kou he jiu ye tong ji si bian = Tabulation on the 2010 population census of the people's republic of China by township / compiled by Population census office under the state; population, Department of; statistics, employment statistics national bureau of (2012). Zhongguo 2010 nian ren kou pu cha fen xiang, zhen, jie dao zi liao (Di 1 ban. ed.). Beijing Shi: Zhongguo tong ji chu ban she. ISBN 978-7-5037-6660-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "重庆铜梁发生爆炸 已有12人死亡24人受伤(图)". Tencent (QQ) News (in Simplified Chinese). 19 November 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "铜梁爆炸案原因查明 嫌犯杀妻后疯狂实施爆炸". 163.com news (in Simplified Chinese). 南方网. 20 November 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
袁代中因与妻子谭某发生纠纷杀人，并实施爆炸
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 重庆茶馆爆炸和15条生命 (December 2004); 三联生活周刊 p. 48
- ^ "School Profile" (Archive). Chongqing Bachuan International High School. Retrieved on September 30, 2015. "Address：Chongqing city Tongliang County East Street office Tashan Street No. 666" - Chinese version of the profile (Archive): "重庆市铜梁县东城街道办事处塔山东街666号"