Timeline of the history of the Internet

A timeline of the history of the Internet can stretch back as far as the 19th century.[1][2] This timeline begins in 1960,[3] and lists key events including the emergence of novel ideas, the first implementation of new technologies, and the introduction of new products and services that were significant at that point in time in the history of the Internet. These events led to the Internet as we know it today.

Early research and development (1960-1981)

Merging the networks and creating the Internet (1981-1994)

Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet (1995-present)

Examples of Internet services (to be merged into the sections above)

See also

References

  1. ^ Moschovitis, Christos J.; Poole, Hilary; Senft, Theresa M. (1999). History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. ABC-CLIO Ltd. ISBN 978-1-57607-118-2.
  2. ^ Feinler, Elizabeth; Vittal, John (2022-07-01). "Email Innovation Timeline" (PDF). Computer History Museum. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
  3. ^ RFC 2235 , Hobbes' Internet Timeline (November 1997), essentially also begins in the 1960s.
  4. ^ Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (1997). "5 The Vision of Interactive Computing And the Future". Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (PDF). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-8186-7706-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  5. ^ Roberts, Lawrence G. (November 1978). "The evolution of packet switching" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 66 (11): 1307–13. Bibcode:1978IEEEP..66.1307R. doi:10.1109/PROC.1978.11141. S2CID 26876676.
  6. ^ Roberts, Lawrence G. (May 1995). "The ARPANET & Computer Networks". Archived from the original on March 24, 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  7. ^ Yoo, Christopher S. (2018–2019). "Paul Baran, Network Theory, and the Past, Present, and Future of the Internet" (PDF). Colorado Technology Law Journal. 17: 161. Paul Baran's seminal 1964 article
  8. ^ Baran, P. (2002). "The beginnings of packet switching: some underlying concepts" (PDF). IEEE Communications Magazine. 40 (7): 42–48. Bibcode:2002IComM..40g..42B. doi:10.1109/MCOM.2002.1018006. ISSN 0163-6804.
  9. ^ "Paul Baran and the Origins of the Internet". RAND Corporation. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  10. ^ Edmondson-Yurkanan, Chris (2007). "SIGCOMM's archaeological journey into networking's past". Communications of the ACM. 50 (5): 63–68. doi:10.1145/1230819.1230840. ISSN 0001-0782. In his first draft dated Nov. 10, 1965 [5], Davies forecast today's "killer app" for his new communication service: "The greatest traffic could only come if the public used this means for everyday purposes such as shopping... People sending enquiries and placing orders for goods of all kinds will make up a large section of the traffic... Business use of the telephone may be reduced by the growth of the kind of service we contemplate."
  11. ^ Davies, D. W. (1966). "Proposal for a Digital Communication Network" (PDF). Computer developments in the distant future might result in one type of network being able to carry speech and digital messages efficiently.
  12. ^ Davies, D. W.; Bartlett, K. A.; Scantlebury, R. A.; Wilkinson, P. T. (October 1967). "A digital communication network for computers giving rapid response at remote terminals" (PDF). Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Operating System Principles - SOSP '67. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 2.1 – 2.17. doi:10.1145/800001.811669. ISBN 978-1-4503-7370-8.
  13. ^ Pelkey, James. "4.7 Planning the ARPANET: 1967-1968 in Chapter 4 - Networking: Vision and Packet Switching 1959 - 1968". The History of Computer Communications. Archived from the original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
  14. ^ Moschovitis, Christos J. P. (1999). History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. ABC-CLIO. pp. 58–9. ISBN 978-1-57607-118-2.
  15. ^ Hempstead, C.; Worthington, W., eds. (2005). Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Technology. Vol. 1, A–L. Routledge. p. 574. ISBN 9781135455514. It was a seminal meeting
  16. ^ John S, Quarterman; Josiah C, Hoskins (1986). "Notable computer networks". Communications of the ACM. 29 (10): 932–971. doi:10.1145/6617.6618. S2CID 25341056. The first packet-switching network was implemented at the National Physical Laboratories in the United Kingdom. It was quickly followed by the ARPANET in 1969.
  17. ^ Haughney Dare-Bryan, Christine (June 22, 2023). Computer Freaks (Podcast). Chapter Two: In the Air. Inc. Magazine. 35:55 minutes in. Leonard Kleinrock: Donald Davies ... did make a single node packet switch before ARPA did
  18. ^ Feinler, Elizabeth (2010). "The Network Information Center and its Archives". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 32 (3): 83–89. Bibcode:2010IAHC...32c..83F. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2010.54. ISSN 1934-1547.
  19. ^ Kopf, John (1977-06-13). "TYMNET as a multiplexed packet network". Proceedings of the June 13-16, 1977, national computer conference on - AFIPS '77. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 609–613. doi:10.1145/1499402.1499509. ISBN 978-1-4503-7914-4.
  20. ^ "About". Merit. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  21. ^ "1990s". The History of Domain Names. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  22. ^ "The History of IANA". Internet Society. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  23. ^ Russell, Andrew L.; Schafer, Valérie (2014). "In the Shadow of ARPANET and Internet: Louis Pouzin and the Cyclades Network in the 1970s". Technology and Culture. 55 (4): 880–907. doi:10.1353/tech.2014.0096. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 24468474.
  24. ^ Pouzin, Louis (1973). "Presentation and major design aspects of the CYCLADES computer network". Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Data communications and Data networks Analysis and design - DATACOMM '73. ACM Press. pp. 80–87. doi:10.1145/800280.811034. ISBN 978-1-4503-7384-5.
  25. ^ Wells, Mike (1988-11-01). "JANET-the United Kingdom Joint Academic Network". Serials. 1 (3): 28–36. doi:10.1629/010328. ISSN 1475-3308.
  26. ^ Rutter, Dorian (2005). From Diversity to Convergence: British Computer Networks and the Internet, 1970-1995 (PDF) (Computer Science thesis). The University of Warwick.
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