List of people known as the Great

"The Great" redirects here. For other uses, see The Great (disambiguation).

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Hindustani e Azam.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia.[1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus,[2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus III. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albertus.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abbas I Shah of Iran 1587 – 1629 [3]
Abgar VIII King of Osroene 177 – 212
Akbar Emperor of Mughal 1556 – 1605 [4]
Alan I Duke of Brittany 876 – 907
Alexander I King of Georgia 1412 – 1442
Alexander III King of Macedon 336 BC – 323 BC
Alfonso III King of León, Galicia and Asturias 866 – 910
Alfred King of Wessex 871 – 899
Amenhotep III Pharaoh of Egypt 1391 BC – 1353 BC or 1388 BC – 1351 BC
Ali King of Songhai 1464 – 1492 [5]
Antiochus III King of the Seleucid Empire 223 BC – 187 BC
Ashoka Emperor of Maurya 268 BC – 232 BC [6][7][8]
Ashot I King of Armenia 885 – 890
Ashot I King of Iberia 813 – 826 or 830
Bagrat V King of Georgia 1360 – 1393
Berengaria Queen of Castile and Toledo 1197 – 1246
Bhillama I King of Seuna 910 – 930 [9]
Bolesław I King of Poland 992 – 1025 [10]
Borommaracha IV King of Thonburi 1767 – 1782 [11]
Casimir III King of Poland 1333 – 1370
Catherine II Empress of Russia 1762 – 1796
Charles I King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans 768 – 814
Chʼeen II King of Kaan 636 – 686 [12]
Cnut King of England, Denmark and Norway 1016 – 1035
Constantine I Emperor of Rome 306 – 337
Cyrus II Shahanshah of the Achaemenid Empire 559 BC – 530 BC
Darius I Shahanshah of the Achaemenid Empire 522 BC – 486 BC
Eucratides I King of Bactria and Yavana 171 BC – 145 BC [13]
Ewuare I King of Benin 1440 – 1473
Farrukhan Chief of Tabaristan 712 – 728 [14]
Ferdinand I King of León and Count of Castile 1037 – 1065
Frederick II King of Prussia 1740 – 1786
Gustav II King of Sweden 1611 – 1632
Gwanggaeto King of Goguryeo 391 – 412 [15]
Gwrgan King of Ergyng 619 – 645
Henry IV King of France and Navarre 1589 – 1610
Herod I King of Judea 37 BC – 4 BC or 36 BC – 1 BC
Hugh Co-king of France 1017 – 1025
Hugh III King of Cyprus and Jerusalem 1267 – 1284
Inal Supreme Prince of Circassia 1427 – 1453
Ivan III Grand Prince of Moscow and All-Russia 1462 – 1505
Iyasu I Emperor of Ethiopia 1682 – 1706
John II King of Aragon and Navarre 1458 – 1479
Justinian I Emperor of Eastern Rome 527 – 565
Kamehameha I King of Hawaii 1782 – 1819
Kanishka I Emperor of Kushan 127 – 150 [16]
Krešimir II King of Croatia 949 – 969 [17]
Kvirike III King of Kakheti-Hereti 1010 – 1037
Leo I Emperor of Eastern Rome 457 – 474 [18]
Llywelyn King of Gwynedd 1195 – 1240
Louis I King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland 1342 – 1382
Louis XIV King of France and Navarre 1643 – 1715
Mardavij King of the Ziyarids 930 – 935
Marianus IV Judge of Arborea 1347 – 1376 [19]
Miloš I Prince of Serbia 1817 – 1839, 1858 – 1860
Mircea Prince of Wallachia 1386 – 1394, 1397 – 1418
Mithridates I King of the Parthian Empire 165 BC – 132 BC [20]
Mithridates II King of the Parthian Empire 124 BC – 91 BC
Mithridates VI King of Pontus 120 BC – 63 BC
Mstislav I Grand Prince of Kiev 1088 – 1132
Mubarak Sheikh of Kuwait 1896 – 1915
Muhammad I King of Songhai 1493 – 1528 [21]
Nebuchadnezzar II King of Babylon 605 BC – 562 BC [22]
Otto I Emperor of the Romans 962 – 973
Pakal I King of Palenque 615 – 683
Parakramabahu I King of Polonnaruwa 1153 – 1186 [23]
Peter I Emperor of Russia 1682 – 1725
Peter III King of Aragon and Sicily 1276 – 1285
Pharasmanes I King of Iberia 1 – 58
Radama I King of Madagascar 1810 – 1828
Radu IV Prince of Wallachia 1495 – 1508
Rajendra I Emperor of Chola 1014 – 1044
Rama I King of Siam 1782 – 1809 [24]
Rama IV King of Siam 1851 – 1868
Rama IX King of Thailand 1946 – 2016
Rama V King of Siam 1868 – 1910
Ramathibodi III King of Ayutthaya 1656 – 1688
Ramesses II Pharaoh of Egypt 1279 BC – 1213 BC [25]
Ramkhamhaeng King of Sukhothai 1279 – 1298
Reza Shah of Iran 1925 – 1941
Rhodri King of Gwynedd 844 – 878
Roman Grand Prince of Kiev 1168 – 1205 [26]
Sancho III King of Navarre 1004 – 1035
Sanphet II King of Ayutthaya 1590 – 1605
Sargon King of Akkad 2334 BC – 2279 BC [27]
Sejong King of Joseon 1418 – 1450 [28]
Shahi Sultan of Kashmir 1418 – 1419, 1420 – 1470 [29]
Shapur II Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire 309 – 379
Simeon I Emperor of Bulgaria 893 – 927 [30]
Simon I King of Kartli 1556 – 1569, 1578 – 1599
Solomon I King of Imereti 1752 – 1765, 1767 – 1784
Stefan Uroš I King of Serbia 1243 – 1276
Stephen III Prince of Moldavia 1457 – 1504
Svatopluk I King of Moravia 867 – 894 [31]
Tamar I Queen of Georgia 1184 – 1213 [32]
Theodoric King of the Ostrogoths, Regent of the Visigoths and Viceroy of Byzantine 471 – 526
Theodosius I Emperor of Rome 379 – 395 [33]
Thoros II Lord of Cilicia 1144 or 1145 – 1169 [34]
Thutmose III Pharaoh of Egypt 1479 BC – 1425 BC [35]
Tigranes II Emperor of Armenia 95 BC – 55 BC [36]
Tiridates III King of Armenia 298 – 330 [37]
Valdemar I King of Denmark 1154 – 1182 [38]
Valentinian I Emperor of Rome 364 – 375 [39]
Vigraharaja IV King of Chauhan 1150 – 1164 [40]
Vladimir I Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev 970 – 1015 [41]
Vytautas Grand Duke of Lithuania 1392 – 1430 [42]
Wilhelm I Emperor of Germany 1871 – 1888
Xerxes I Shahanshah of the Achaemenid Empire 486 BC – 465 BC [43]
Zayed Sheikh of Abu Dhabi 1855 – 1909 [44]

Aristocrats

Name Description Dates Ref.
Alain I Lord of Albret 1440 – 1522
Amadeus V Count of Savoy 1249 – 1323
Arnulf I Count of Flanders 893 – 964 [45]
Atenulf I Prince of Capua ? – c. 910
Barnim III Duke of Stettin Pomerania 1344 – 1368 [46]
Bogislaw X Duke of Pomerania 1454 – 1523
Bogusław V Duke of Wolgast and Słupsk 1326 – 1374 [47]
Bruno Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia 925 – 965 [48]
Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy 1562 – 1630
Charles III Duke of Lotharingia 1543 – 1608
Conrad I Margrave of Meissen 1097 – 1157 [49]
David III Prince of Tao 966 – 1001
Frederick II Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Głogów, and Ziębice 1488 – 1547
Frederick William Duke of Prussia 1620 – 1688
Gerhard III Count of Holstein-Rendsburg 1292 – 1340
Gero I Ruler of Gero 900 – 965 [50]
Godfrey I Count of Brussels and Leuven, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Langrave of Brabant 1060 – 1139
Gothelo I Duke of Lotharingia, Count of Verdun, and Margrave of Antwerp 967 – 1044
Gurgen II Prince of Tao 918 – 941
Hanno I Carthaginian politician and military leader 4th century BC
Hanno II Carthaginian aristocrat, general, and politician 3rd century BC [51]
Hanno III Carthaginian politician 2nd century BC [52][53]
Henry I Duke of Burgundy 946 – 1002
Henry V Count of Luxembourg 1216 – 1281
Hugh Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks 898 – 956 [54]
Hugh Count of Vermandois 1057 – 1101
Hugh Margrave of Tuscany 953 or 954 – 1001
Humphrey I Baron of Trowbridge ? – 1123
Intef Nomarch of Thebes ? – c. 2135 BC [55]
Matthew II Lord of Montmorency 1189 – 1230
Maximilian I Duke of Bavaria 1573 – 1651
Milo I Lord of Montlhéry 1095 – 1102
Odo Duke of Aquitaine ? – 735 [56]
Ralph IV Count of Valois, Bar-sur-Aube, Vexin, Vitry, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois 1025 – 1074 [57]
Ramon Berenguer III Count of Barcelona, Provence, and various other counties 1082 – 1131
Robert I Count of Dreux 1123 – 1188
Roger Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel ? – 1094
Roger Bernard II Count of Foix 1223 – 1241
Roger II Count of Sicily c. 1030 – 1101
Świętopełk II Duke of Pomerania ? – 1266 [58]
Theobald II Count of Champagne and Brie 1090 – 1151
William I Count of Burgundy and Mâcon 1020 – 1087
William V Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou 969 – 1030 [59]

Military

Name Description Dates Ref.
Afonso Portuguese general, statesman and empire builder 1453 – 1515 [60]
Melias Byzantine general of Armenian origin 890 – 934 [61]
Pompey Military and political leader of Rome 106 BC – 48 BC [62]
Prokop Hussite general in Bohemia 1380 – 1434 [63]

Religious figures

Christian

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abraham Monk and saint of the Church of the East 492 – 586
Albertus Medieval German philosopher and theologian 1193 or 1206 – 1280 [64]
Anthony Early Christian saint of Egypt 251 – 356 [65]
Arsenius Roman anchorite saint in Egypt 354 – 445
Athanasius Early Christian saint and bishop of Alexandria 296 – 373 [66]
Babai Assyrian church leader 551 – 628
Basil Greek bishop and theologian 330 – 379 [67]
Bertin Frankish Abbot of a namesake monastery 615 – 709
Dioscorus I Coptic Orthodox Church pope ? – 454
Euthymius Abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint 377 – 473
Gertrude German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint 1256 – 1302 [68]
Gregory I Catholic pope 540 – 604 [69]
Hilarion Ancient Roman anchorite and Orthodox and Catholic saint 291 – 371
Hugh Abbot of Cluny 1024 – 1109
Isaac Armenian Catholicos 354 – 439
James[Note 1] One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus 3 – 44 [70]
Joannicius Byzantine hermit, theologian and saint 752 – 846 [71]
Leo I Catholic pope 391 or 400 – 461 [72]
Macarius Egyptian hermit 300 – 391 [73]
Michael Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church 1126 – 1199 [74]
Nerses I Armenian Catholicos ? – 373
Nicholas I Catholic pope 800 – 867 [75]
Photios I Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople 810 – 893 [76]
Shenoute Oriental Orthodox saint and abbot of the White Monastery 348 – 465
Sisoes An early desert father, a solitary monk pursuing asceticism in the Egyptian desert in a cave of Anthony the Great ? – 429
William Founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites ? – 1157

Jewish

Name Description Dates Ref.
Aharon I Hasidic rabbi 1736 – 1772 [77]
Eliezer Rabbi in Judea 1st century [78][79]
Hiyya Rabbi in Judea 180 – 230 [80]

Legendary and mythological figures

Name Description Ref.
Ajax Greek hero in the Iliad [81]
Beli In medieval Welsh mythology and literature [82]
Belinus Legendary king of the Britons
Fergus Semi-mythical king of Dál Riata
Gradlon Semi-mythical king of Cornouaille
Hayk Legendary founder and patriarch of the Armenian nation [83]
Phrom Legendary king of Yonok [84]
Yu Legendary king of Xia [85][86]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

References

  1. ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
  2. ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ^ Savory, R. M. (3 May 2018). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  4. ^ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  5. ^ Walker, Robin; Millar, Siaf (1999), The West African Empire of Songhai in 10 Easy Lessons By Robin Walker, Siaf Millar, Concept Learning, ISBN 9781903181003, retrieved 5 June 2021
  6. ^ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-89297-75-6.
  7. ^ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  8. ^ "Most Powerful Kings in the World". Banglorejobs.
  9. ^ H. V. Trivedi. The Yadavas And Their Times. pp. 25–26.
  10. ^ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN 978-1-4426-0120-8.
  11. ^ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-8108-7525-8.
  12. ^ Robert J. Sharer; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya. Stanford University Press. pp. 381–. ISBN 978-0-8047-4817-9.
  13. ^ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  14. ^ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN 9789004067127.
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