Tunku Dhiauddin ibn Sultan Zainal Rashid I

Tunku Dhiauddin ibni Sultan Zainal Rashid al-Mu'azzam Shah I
Tunku Dhiauddin
PredecessorSultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II
SuccessorSultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah III
Born1835
Died25 May 1909 (age74)
SpouseRaja Arfah II binti Sultan Abdul Samad
FatherSultan Zainal Rashid Al-Mu'adzam Shah I (23rd Sultan of Kedah )
Mother-
Occupation-
Signature

Tunku Dhiauddin ibni Sultan Zainal Rashid I (1835 – 25 May 1909) or better known as Tengku Kudin (Jawi: تڠكو كودين) was a prince of the Sultanate of Kedah. He was born in Penang in 1835.

He is said to have been influenced by the European way of life and received a semi-European education.[1] His grandfather was Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II and his elder brother was Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah.[2]

He was appointed as the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Kedah during the reign of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin III but was removed from office due to his involvement in the Klang War, the Selangor Civil War.

He was appointed by Sultan Abdul Samad as the Viceroy (Wakil Yamtuan) of the Selangor government on 26 June 1868 after he married the Princess of Sultan Abdul Samad, Raja Arfah II.[3]

Family

In June 1868, Tengku Kudin married Raja Arfah, daughter of Sultan Abdul Samad.[4]

Involvement in the Klang War

While Tengku Kudin was in Selangor, a war broke out between Raja Mahadi and Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar and was known as the Klang War. Tengku Kudin was appointed by Sultan Abdul Samad as his Absolute Representative. Among his duties was to resolve the war between Raja Mahadi and Raja Ismail (son of Raja Abdullah). The power of attorney reads:

In the Hijrah of the Prophet Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam 1285, on the day of Arba', 5 Rabiulawal, I, Sultan Abdul Samad ibni Tengku Abdullah, who is seated on the throne of the Kingdom of Selangor in Bandar Temasya, have bestowed this letter on Tunku Dhiauddin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainul Rashid, who has become our son (son-in-law). We declare to all the sons of the king, the Great Ones and all the people who abide by our command that we have handed over this country and its conquered territories to our son Tunku Dhiauddin to be ruled and developed by him for our benefit and the sons of Raja Musa, Raja Kahar and Raja Ya'akub and also for the benefit of all the people of this country, so that they all receive justice in all matters. We have given authority to our son Tunku Dhiauddin to do anything that can develop our country and that benefits us.

He carry out mediation between the warring parties, first on 26 June 1868.[5][6][7] Raja Mahadi could not accept Tengku Kudin[8]. Meanwhile, the sons of Sultan Abdul Samad, namely Raja Kahar, Raja Musa and Raja Ya'akub, were also dissatisfied with the power given to Tengku Kudin.[9] Including the Orang Besar of Selangor, Dato' Bandar Langat, also opposed the granting of this power.

In 1869, Raja Ismail with the help of Raja Sulaiman bin Raja Hasan from Sungai Raya launched an attack on Raja Mahadi. Meanwhile, Raja Ismail also asked for help from Tengku Kudin. This combined force attacked Raja Mahadi in Klang. Tengku Kudin arrived in Klang in October 1869. He sent a letter to Raja Mahadi stating that he had come to reconcile the dispute between Raja Mahadi and Raja Ismail. Tengku Kudin's proposal was not accepted by Raja Mahadi. Tengku Kudin informed Sultan Abdul Samad of Raja Mahadi's attitude. Accordingly, Sultan Abdul Samad sent 200 men to Klang to assist Tengku Kudin's forces.

Tengku Kudin launched an attack on Raja Mahadi's fort. Meanwhile, Tengku Kudin blocked the supply of food to Raja Mahadi and the tin trade between Klang and outside parties. In the attack, Tengku Kudin was assisted by a force under the command of De Fontaine. De Fontaine bombarded Raja Mahadi's fort on the Hill in Klang. The war dragged on until 1870. In 1870, Raja Mahadi was finally unable to overcome Tengku Kudin's forces and abandoned his fort in Klang[10]; while his fort in Kuala Selangor was abandoned in 1871.

However, in 1872, Raja Mahadi came again, this time he gained the support of several Malay chiefs, some of them members of the royal family of Selangor.[11] Raja Mahadi's forces succeeded in controlling Kuala Selangor and Klang. However, Tengku Kudin's forces, assisted by Yap Ah Loy[12] and a group of Pahang[13] soldiers led by Rasu bin Shahrom[14] (under order by Sultan Ahmad Muʽazzam, Raja bendahara of Pahang[15]), counterattacked in 1873.[16] Raja Mahadi was defeated and retreated.[17][18][19][20] Raja Bendahara supported Tengku Kudin after him counter offer Raja Mahadi in obtaining their assistance.[21]

In 1874, Raja Mahadi took refuge in Singapore. Raja Mahadi continued to plan to recapture Klang. In the meantime, the British government offered an allowance of $350.00 a month to end his struggle. This offer was rejected by Raja Mahadi, resulting in his imprisonment in Singapore.[22][23] He was later released because the British did not have solid evidence to detain him. The Governor of the Straits Settlements offered Raja Mahadi a return to Klang, but Sultan Abdul Samad did not agree. Raja Mahadi died in Singapore on 10 January 1882.[24][25]

Dismissal

In 1872, Tengku Kudin was angered by his Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah, for interfering in the war in the state of Selangor. Therefore, Tengku Kudin was stripped of his position as Raja Muda of Kedah. The Sultan of Kedah appointed his younger brother, Tunku Yaakub, as Raja Muda of Kedah to replace Tengku Kudin.[26]

Post-Klang War

Tengku Kudin was removed by the British when the British felt that his involvement in the Selangor administration would cause the Civil War conflict to continue. Therefore, he was awarded a compensation of $30,000 in bonds and given a monthly pension of $500, while his wife was given $200 a month paid by the Selangor government.[27] After that, Tengku Kudin returned to Kedah and was involved in the conflict over the Kedah throne. His role in Kedah politics is considered to be that of an opposition figure.[28]

Death

Tengku Kudin died in Penang. His body was brought back to Kedah and buried at the Kedah Royal Mausoleum.[29]

Legacy

A chool have been named after him in Raub, Pahang.

  1. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Kudin

See Also

References

  • Mohammad Isa Othman (1990). Politik Tradisional Kedah 1681-1942 (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa Pustaka. ISBN 9836215832.
  • J M Gullick (2004). A History of Selangor. The Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. ISBN 9679948102.
  • Abdullah Zakaria bin Ghazali (2016). Tunku Kudin Dalam Sejarah Selangor, Jurnal Malawati Bil. 8. ISBN 9789834392000.
  • Buyong Adil (2020). Sejarah Kedah (Edisi Semakan) (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. ISBN 9789834922412.

Foot Note

  1. ^ Mohamad Isa Othman, 1990, pg 37
  2. ^ Mohamad Isa Othman, 1990, pg 39
  3. ^ Abdullah Zakaria bin Ghazali, 2016, pg 4
  4. ^ J.M Gullick, 2004, pg 225
  5. ^ "Sultan Abdul Samad memberi kuasa kepada menantunya Tengku Kudin". National Archives of Malaysia. 15 October 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  6. ^ "Selangor Sultanate - the History". Irfan Nughoro. Melayu Online, Indonesia. 2008. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  7. ^ "Perlantikan semula Tengku Kudin sebagai wakil Yamtuan Negeri Selangor". National Archives of Malaysia. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  8. ^ Gullick, J. M. (1956). The Story of Kuala Lumpur (1857–1939). Eastern Universities Press. p. 19.
  9. ^ Munsyi, Muhammad Ibrahim (1980). Sweeney, Amin (ed.). Kisah Pelayaran Muhammad Ibrahim Munsyi (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti. pp. XXXIX. OCLC 8299351.
  10. ^ Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2016). A History of Malaysia (3rd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 197. ISBN 978-1137605153.
  11. ^ Shamsul, A. B. (2004). From British to Bumiputera Rule: Local Politics and Rural Development in Peninsular Malaysia (2nd reprint ed.). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 19. ISBN 978-9971-988-22-7.
  12. ^ Tate, D. J. M. (1971). The Making of Modern South-East Asia: Volume 1, The European Conquest. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. p. 286. OCLC 583344.
  13. ^ Adil, Buyong (1981). Sejarah Pahang (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. p. 165. OCLC 11235122.
  14. ^ "Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" (1). Singapore: Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. June 1878: 20. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2017). A History of Malaysia (3rd ed.). Palgrave. ISBN 978-1137605153.
  16. ^ Leam Seng, Alan Teh (2018). "Let's learn more about one of Selangor's greatest rulers, Sultan Abdul Samad". New Straits Times. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
  17. ^ "Selangor Civil War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. December 17, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2025.
  18. ^ Azizul Farhan (November 16, 2023). "Macam Mana Tok Gajah Sertai Perang Kelang?". The Patriots (in Malay). Retrieved February 19, 2025.
  19. ^ Wilkinson, R. J. (January 1932). "Events Prior to British Ascendancy". Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 10 (1 (112)). Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society: 67.
  20. ^ J.M Gullick, 2004, pg 17-23
  21. ^ Cant, R. G. (1972). Pahang, 1880–1933: A Political and Economic Geography. Monograph of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, No. 6. Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 31.
  22. ^ Ghazali, Abdullah Zakaria (1996). "MENOLEH SEJARAH MEMBETULKAN ARAH". Sejarah Perjuangan Kemerdekaan Brunei (in Malay). Taiping, Perak: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia & Majlis Perbandaran Taiping. p. 13.
  23. ^ Bakar, Ibrahim bin Abu (1994). Islamic Modernism in Malaya: The Life and Thought of Sayid Syekh al-Hadi, 1867-1934. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-967-9940-68-8.
  24. ^ Abdullah Zakaria bin Ghazali, 2016, pp. 8-10
  25. ^ J.M. Gullick (1983). The Story of Kuala Lumpur, 1857-1939. Eastern Universities Press (M). p. 39. ISBN 978-9679080285.
  26. ^ Buyong Adil, 2020, p. 95
  27. ^ Selangor sejarah dan proses pembangunannya (in Malay). Jabatan Sejarah, Universiti Malaya dan Lembaga Muzium Sultan Alam Shah. 1992. p. 139.
  28. ^ Mohamad Isa Othman, 1990, p. 38
  29. ^ Mohamad Isa Othman, 1990, p. 50
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