Tanganyika African National Union
Tanganyika African National Union | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Julius Nyerere |
| Founded | 5 July 1954 (71 years, 261 days) |
| Dissolved | 5 January 1977 (49 years, 77 days) |
| Preceded by | Tanganyika African Association |
| Succeeded by | Chama cha Mapinduzi |
| Headquarters | Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Ideology | African nationalism African socialism[1] Democratic socialism[2] Ujamaa |
| Political position | Left-wing[1] |
| Party flag | |
The Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) was the principal political party in the struggle for sovereignty in the East African state of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). The party was formed from the Tanganyika African Association by seventeen founders on 7th July 1954, namely S. M. Kitwana, Kisung'uta Gabara, John Rupia, Japhet Nkura Kirilo, Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Germano Pacha, Abubakar Ilanga, Joseph Kimalando, Dossa Aziz, Tewa Said Tewa, Constantine Oswald Milinga, Lameck Makaranga Bugohe, Patrick George Kunambi, Joseph Kasella Bantu, Ally Sykes, Abdulwahid Sykes and Saadan Abdul Kandoro.[3] From 1964, the party was called the Tanzania African National Union. On 5th February 1977, the TANU merged with the ruling party in Zanzibar, the Afro-Shirazi Party (ASP), to form the current Revolutionary State Party or Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). The policy of TANU was to build and maintain a socialist state aiming towards economic self-sufficiency and to eradicate corruption and exploitation, with the major means of production and exchange under the control of the peasants and workers (Ujamaa-Essays on Socialism; "The Arusha Declaration").
Julius Nyerere was the first President of Tanzania, serving from the 1960s to 1985. In 1962, Nyerere and TANU created the Ministry of National Culture and Youth. Nyerere felt the creation of the ministry was necessary in order to deal with some of the challenges and contradictions of building a nation-state and a national culture after 70 years of colonialism.[4] The government of Tanzania sought to create an innovative public space where Tanzanian popular culture could develop and flourish. By incorporating the varied traditions and customs of all the people of Tanzania, Nyerere hoped to promote a sense of pride, thus creating a national culture.[5]
Electoral history
Presidential elections
| Election | Party candidate | Votes | % | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Julius Nyerere | 1,127,987 | 98.1% | Elected |
| 1965 | 2,520,904 | 96.5% | Elected | |
| 1970 | 3,220,636 | 96.7% | Elected | |
| 1975 | 4,172,267 | 93.3% | Elected |
Bunge elections
| Election | Party leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Position | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1958–59 | Julius Nyerere | 47,685 | 74.4% | 30 / 64
|
30 | 1st | Supermajority government |
| 1960 | 100,581 | 82.8% | 70 / 71
|
40 | 1st | Supermajority government | |
| 1965 | 2,263,830
in alliance with ASP |
100% | 188 / 188
|
118 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
| 1970 | in alliance with ASP | 66.6% | 106 / 106
|
82 | 1st | Sole legal party | |
| 1975 | 4,474,267
in alliance with ASP |
100% |
223 / 223
|
117 | 1st | Sole legal party |
Notes
In the 1958–59 TANU won all seats contested; the remaining 34 seats were appointed.
The Afro-Shirazi party was the sole legal party in Zanzibar, which is an autonomous region.
References
- ^ a b Datta, Ansu K. (July–September 1967). "Left-Wing Movement in Sub-Saharan Africa". India Quarterly. 23 (3). JSTOR: 238–239. doi:10.1177/097492846702300302. JSTOR 45069215. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
- ^ Banks, Arthur S.; Overstreet, William (1983). Political Handbook of the World: 1982-1983: Governments and Intergovernmental Organisation as of January 1st 1983. McGraw-Hill. p. 476. Retrieved 2025-07-29.
- ^ Osabu-Kle, Daniel Tetteh (2000). Compatible Cultural Democracy: The Key to Development in Africa. University of Toronto Press. p. 167. ISBN 1-55111-289-2.
- ^ Music and Performance in Funerals & Love Songs
- ^ Lemelle, Sidney J. "'Ni wapi Tunakwenda': Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha." In The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Pres