Swirl burner

A swirl burner, or vortex burner, is a type of burner that swirls the air, fuel, or both inside to increase mixing between the two.[1] This process enables flame stabilization and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These burners are used in industrial settings.

Types

There are three main types of swirl burners: axial vane, tangential, and volute.[2] The vane-type swirl burner utilizes vanes to stabilize the flame.[3] Tangential swirl burners use tangential inflows.[4] Inflows must be placed upstream to have uniform tangential velocity.[4] The swirl will also decay progressing along the burner and may not be strong enough when it exits.[4] Volute burners are rarer and have a central spinning apparatus.[2]

Mechanics

This process creates a space for flame stabilization.[1] As air moves through the system, it rotates as a result of the shape of the apparatus.[5] A central recirculation zone is created from the spin.[6] A quarl is found downstream of the guide vanes.[1] Swirl burners increase combustion efficiency through the promotion of ignition of unburnt fuel.[6] A more homogeneous mixture of air and fuel improves combustion efficiency.[7] The swirl number, represented by Sn, is the axial flux of angular momentum to that of axial momentum.[8] Higher swirls can lead to negative axial velocity in the center of expansion.[6]

Application

Swirl burners are used in industrial settings including uses as heating, power generators, and incinerators.[7]

Low-swirl combustion can be utilized in industrial burners and gas-fired power plants to meet low-emission standards. Able to produce 150 kW to 7.5 MW of energy, emissions from swirl burners are around four to seven parts per million of NOx and carbon monoxide.[9] Decreasing NOx emissions can lead to an increase in carbon monoxide emissions.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c Escudier, Marcel; Atkins, Tony (2019). A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-187086-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. ^ a b Basu, Prabir; Kefa, Cen; Jestin, Louis (2000), Basu, Prabir; Kefa, Cen; Jestin, Louis (eds.), "Swirl Burners", Boilers and Burners: Design and Theory, New York, NY: Springer, pp. 212–241, doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1250-8_8, ISBN 978-1-4612-1250-8, retrieved 6 March 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  3. ^ Dhyani, Devansh; Phade, Swayan (2024). "A comprehensive study on the design and computational analysis of an air swirl burner" (PDF). MATEC Web of Conferences. 393. doi:10.1051/matecconf/2024393 – via EDP Sciences.
  4. ^ a b c Hübner, A. W.; Tummers, M. J.; Hanjalić, K.; van der Meer, Th. H. (1 April 2003). "Experiments on a rotating-pipe swirl burner". Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. Second Mediterranean Combustion Symposium. 27 (4): 481–489. doi:10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00251-0. ISSN 0894-1777 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  5. ^ Eck, Mattias E.G.; zur Nedden, Philipp; von Saldern, Jakob G.R.; Peisdersky, Christoph; Orchini, Alessandro; Paschereit, Christian Oliver (5 November 2024). "Experimental Design Validation of a Swirl-Stabilized Burner With Fluidically Variable Swirl Number". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 147 (4). American Society of Mechanical Engineers (published April 2025). doi:10.1115/1.4066731 – via ASME Digital Collection.
  6. ^ a b c Alhamd, Abdulrahman E. J.; Akroot, Abdulrazzak; Abdul Wahhab, Hasanain A. (29 December 2025). Xing, Chang; Liu, Li (eds.). "Swirl Flame Stability for Hydrogen-Enhanced LPG Combustion in a Low-Swirl Burner: Experimental Investigation". Applied Sciences. 16 (1). doi:10.3390/app16010347 – via MDPI.
  7. ^ a b c Emara, Ahmed; Abd-Elgawad, Ahmed Mahfouz M. M.; Emara, Karim (30 September 2024). "Innovative eco-friendly design solutions for energy demands using swirl- induced burner by jets". Energy. 304 131900. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.131900. ISSN 0360-5442 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  8. ^ Zavaleta-Luna, Daniel Alejandro; Vigueras-Zúñiga, Marco Osvaldo; Herrera-May, Agustín L.; Zamora-Castro, Sergio Aurelio; Tejeda-del-Cueto, María Elena (3 May 2020). "Optimized Design of a Swirler for a Combustion Chamber of Non-Premixed Flame Using Genetic Algorithms". Energies. 13 (9): 2240. doi:10.3390/en13092240. ISSN 1996-1073. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2026 – via MDPI.
  9. ^ Cheng, Robert K. "3.2.1.4.2 Low Swirl Combustion" (PDF). United States Department of Energy. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
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