Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Streptomyces hygroscopicus
	Streptomyces hygroscopicus colonies
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Bacillati
Phylum:	Actinomycetota
Class:	Actinomycetes
Order:	Streptomycetales
Family:	Streptomycetaceae
Genus:	Streptomyces
Species:	S. hygroscopicus
Binomial name
	Streptomyces hygroscopicus; (Jensen, 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956
Subspecies
	; subsp. "aureolacrimosus" Takiguchi et al., 1980; ; ; subsp. hygroscopicus (Jensen 1931) Yüntsen et al., 1956 (Approved Lists 1980); subsp. ossamyceticus Schmitz et al., 1965 (Approved Lists 1980); subsp. "yakushimaensis" Hatanaka et al., 1988;
Synonyms
	"Actinomyces hygroscopicus" Jensen, 1931; Streptomyces endus Anderson and Gottlieb, 1952 (Approved Lists 1980); Streptomyces sporocinereus (ex Krassilnikov, 1970) Preobrazhenskaya, 1986;

Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces. It was first described by Hans Laurits Jensen in 1931.^[3]

Biochemistry

Cultures of different strains of S. hygroscopicus can be used to produce several chemical compounds or enzymes.

Small molecules

Immunosuppressants

Sirolimus (also known as rapamycin) is an antifungal and immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island.^[4] Ascomycin is another immunosuppressant produced by some strains of S. hygroscopicus; it has a similar structure to sirolimus and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant.

Antibiotics

The antibiotics geldanamycin, hygromycin B, nigericin, validamycin, clethramycin^[5], and cyclothiazomycin are found in S. hygroscopicus. Clethramycin shows antifungal activity against the fungi Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus.The biosynthesis of clethramycin gene cluster was identified in Streptomyces mediocidicus strain ATCC23936.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Experimental cancer drugs

Indolocarbazoles can be found in S. hygroscopicus .

Anthelmintics and insecticides

Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures.

Herbicide

S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos.^[8]

Enzymes

The enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming), carboxyvinyl-carboxyphosphonate phosphorylmutase, and hygromycin-B kinase can be isolated from cultures of S. hygroscopicus.

References

^ Page Streptomyces file 2 (File 2: Streptomyces felleus - Streptomyces mutomycini) on Bacterio.net. Retrieved 12 December 2015
^ Streptomyces hygroscopicus on biocyc.org
^ Jensen, HL (1931). "Contributions to our knowledge of the Actinomycetales. II. The definition and subdivision of the genus Actinomyces, with a preliminary account of Australian soil Actinomycetes". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 56: 345–370.
^ Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic". Journal of Antibiotics. 28 (10): 721–6. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721. PMID 1102508.
^ ^a ^b Bernardi, Darlon Irineu; das Chagas, Fernanda Oliveira; Monteiro, Afif Felix; dos Santos, Gabriel Franco; de Souza Berlinck, Roberto Gomes (2019), Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Falk, Heinz; Gibbons, Simon; Kobayashi, Jun'ichi (eds.), "Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Actinomycetes: Isolation, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities", Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 108, vol. 108, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–296, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_3, ISBN 978-3-030-01098-0, retrieved 2 March 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
^ FURUMAI, TAMOTSU; YAMAKAWA, TAKASHI; YOSHIDA, RYUJI; IGARASHI, YASUHIRO (2003). "Clethramycin, a New Inhibitor of Pollen Tube Growth with Antifungal Activity from Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0623 I. Screening, Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties". The Journal of Antibiotics. 56 (8): 700–704. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.700. ISSN 0021-8820.
^ IGARASHI, YASUHIRO; IWASHITA, TAKASHI; FUJITA, TSUYOSHI; NAOKI, HIDEO; YAMAKAWA, TAKASHI; YOSHIDA, RYUJI; FURUMAI, TAMOTSU (2003). "Clethramycin, a New Inhibitor of Pollen Tube Growth with Antifungal Activity from Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0623 II. Physico-chemical Properties and Structure Determination". The Journal of Antibiotics. 56 (8): 705–708. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.705. ISSN 0021-8820.
^ Murakami, Takeshi; Anzai, Hiroyuki; Imai, Satoshi; Satoh, Atsuyuki; Nagaoka, Kozo; Thompson, Charles J. (October 1986). "The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster". Molecular and General Genetics. 205 (1): 42–53. doi:10.1007/BF02428031. S2CID 32983239.

External links

Type strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

[LPSN-1] Page Streptomyces file 2 (File 2: Streptomyces felleus - Streptomyces mutomycini) on Bacterio.net. Retrieved 12 December 2015

[2] Streptomyces hygroscopicus on biocyc.org

[3] Jensen, HL (1931). "Contributions to our knowledge of the Actinomycetales. II. The definition and subdivision of the genus Actinomyces, with a preliminary account of Australian soil Actinomycetes". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 56: 345–370.

[Vezi-4] Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic". Journal of Antibiotics. 28 (10): 721–6. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721. PMID 1102508.

[:0-5] Bernardi, Darlon Irineu; das Chagas, Fernanda Oliveira; Monteiro, Afif Felix; dos Santos, Gabriel Franco; de Souza Berlinck, Roberto Gomes (2019), Kinghorn, A. Douglas; Falk, Heinz; Gibbons, Simon; Kobayashi, Jun'ichi (eds.), "Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Actinomycetes: Isolation, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities", Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 108, vol. 108, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–296, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_3, ISBN 978-3-030-01098-0, retrieved 2 March 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

[6] FURUMAI, TAMOTSU; YAMAKAWA, TAKASHI; YOSHIDA, RYUJI; IGARASHI, YASUHIRO (2003). "Clethramycin, a New Inhibitor of Pollen Tube Growth with Antifungal Activity from Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0623 I. Screening, Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties". The Journal of Antibiotics. 56 (8): 700–704. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.700. ISSN 0021-8820.

[7] IGARASHI, YASUHIRO; IWASHITA, TAKASHI; FUJITA, TSUYOSHI; NAOKI, HIDEO; YAMAKAWA, TAKASHI; YOSHIDA, RYUJI; FURUMAI, TAMOTSU (2003). "Clethramycin, a New Inhibitor of Pollen Tube Growth with Antifungal Activity from Streptomyces hygroscopicus TP-A0623 II. Physico-chemical Properties and Structure Determination". The Journal of Antibiotics. 56 (8): 705–708. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.56.705. ISSN 0021-8820.

[8] Murakami, Takeshi; Anzai, Hiroyuki; Imai, Satoshi; Satoh, Atsuyuki; Nagaoka, Kozo; Thompson, Charles J. (October 1986). "The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster". Molecular and General Genetics. 205 (1): 42–53. doi:10.1007/BF02428031. S2CID 32983239.

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