Storm petrel
| Storm petrel | |
|---|---|
| European storm petrels (Hydrobatidae) | |
| Wilson's storm petrel (Oceanitidae) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Austrodyptornithes |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Groups included | |
| Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa | |
Storm petrel or stormy petrel may refer to one of two seabird families in the order Procellariiformes, which were historically treated as one family. Before the introduction of molecular phylogenetics, the traditional arrangement was to divide the Procellariiformes into a set of four families: Diomedeidae containing the albatrosses, Hydrobatidae containing all the storm petrels, Pelecanoididae containing the diving petrels and Procellariidae containing the petrels, shearwaters and fulmars.[1][2] The family Hydrobatidae was further divided into two subfamilies, the northern storm petrels in Hydrobatinae and the southern or austral storm petrels in Oceanitinae.
A 1998 analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences found there was deep genetic divergence between the two subfamilies.[3] Subsequent large-scale multigene studies found that the two subfamilies were not sister taxa.[4][5][6] The storm petrels were therefore split into two families: Hydrobatidae containing the northern storm petrels and Oceanitidae, containing the southern storm petrels.[7]
The species within the two families are:
- Northern storm petrels (Hydrobatidae) are found in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species around the Equator dip into the south.
| Common name | Scientific name | Status |
|---|---|---|
| European storm petrel | Hydrobates pelagicus | LC |
| Fork-tailed storm petrel | Hydrobates furcatus | LC |
| Ringed storm petrel | Hydrobates hornbyi | NT |
| Leach's storm petrel | Hydrobates leucorhous | LC |
| Townsend's storm petrel | Hydrobates socorroensis | EN |
| Ainley's storm petrel | Hydrobates cheimomnestes | VU |
| Swinhoe's storm petrel | Hydrobates monorhis | NT |
| Ashy storm petrel | Hydrobates homochroa | EN |
| Band-rumped storm petrel | Hydrobates castro | LC |
| Monteiro's storm petrel | Hydrobates monteiroi | VU |
| Cape Verde storm petrel | Hydrobates jabejabe | LC |
| Wedge-rumped storm petrel | Hydrobates tethys | LC |
| Black storm petrel | Hydrobates melania | LC |
| Guadalupe storm petrel | Hydrobates macrodactylus | CR (Probably Extinct) |
| Markham's storm petrel | Hydrobates markhami | NT |
| Matsudaira's storm petrel | Hydrobates matsudairae | VU |
| Tristram's storm petrel | Hydrobates tristrami | LC |
| Least storm petrel | Hydrobates microsoma | LC |
- Southern storm petrels (Oceanitidae) are found in all oceans, although only white-faced storm petrel (breeding in the North Atlantic, in addition to the Southern Ocean) and Wilson's storm petrels (on migration) are found in the Northern Hemisphere.
| Common name | Scientific name | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Wilson's storm petrel | Oceanites oceanicus | LC |
| Pincoya storm petrel | Oceanites pincoyae | DD |
| Elliot's storm petrel | Oceanites gracilis | DD |
| Grey-backed storm petrel | Garrodia nereis | LC |
| White-faced storm petrel | Pelagodroma marina | LC |
| White-bellied storm petrel | Fregetta grallaria | LC |
| New Zealand storm petrel | Fregetta maoriana | CR |
| Black-bellied storm petrel or Gould's storm petrel | Fregetta tropica | LC |
| Polynesian storm petrel (including white-throated storm petrel) | Nesofregetta fuliginosa | EN |
Up and down!—up and down!
From the base of the wave to the billow's crown,
And amidst the flashing and feathery foam
The stormy petrel finds a home,—
A home, if such a place may be
For her who lives on the wide, wide sea.
O’er the deep!—o'er the deep!
Where the whale and the shark and the sword-fish sleep,—
Outflying the blast and the driving rain,
The petrel telleth her tale—in vain!
References
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 48–121.
- ^ Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.G., eds. (1990). "Order Procellariiformes". Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds. Volume 1: Ratites to ducks; Part A, Ratites to petrels. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. pp. 263–264. ISBN 978-0-19-553068-1.
- ^ Nunn, G.; Stanley, S. (1998). "Body size effects and rates of cytochrome b evolution in tube-nosed seabirds". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 15 (10): 1360–1371. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025864. PMID 9787440. Corrigendum
- ^ Hackett, S.J.; Kimball, R.T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Braun, E.L.; Braun, M.J.; Chojnowski, J.L.; Cox, W.A.; Han, K-L.; Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C.J.; Marks, B.D.; Miglia, K.J.; Moore, W.S.; Sheldon, F.H.; Steadman, D.W.; Witt, C.C.; Yuri, T. (2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1767. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.
- ^ Prum, R.O.; Berv, J.S.; Dornburg, A.; Field, D.J.; Townsend, J.P.; Lemmon, E.M.; Lemmon, A.R. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573. Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P. doi:10.1038/nature15697. PMID 26444237. S2CID 205246158.
- ^ Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (msaa191): 108–127. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168. PMID 32781465.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ A Library of Poetry and Song: Being Choice Selections from The Best Poets. With An Introduction by William Cullen Bryant, New York, J.B. Ford and Company, 1871, p. 354.