Sodium gluconate

Sodium gluconate
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
Other names
Sodium D-gluconate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.644
E number E576 (acidity regulators, ...)
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C6H12O7.Na/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;+1/p-1/t2-,3-,4+,5-;/m1./s1 Y
    Key: UPMFZISCCZSDND-JJKGCWMISA-M Y
  • InChI=1S/C6H12O7.Na/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;+1/p-1/t2-,3-,4+,5-;/m1./s1
  • [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO
Properties
C6H11NaO7
Molar mass 218.137 g·mol−1
Appearance White powder
Odor Odorless
58 g/100 mL
Solubility in ethanol and diethyl ether Slightly soluble
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
10380 mg/kg (oral, rat)[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium gluconate is a compound with formula NaC6H11O7.[2] It is the sodium salt of gluconic acid. Its E number is E576. This white, water-soluble powder has a wide range of applications across industries. Originally derived from gluconic acid in the 19th century, sodium gluconate is known for its chelating properties and is utilized as a chelating agent in various processes. It finds applications in textile, metal surface treatment, cement, and more. Moreover, its non-toxic nature and biodegradability contribute to its use in environmentally conscious practices.

Production

Sodium gluconate can be produced by chemical synthesis, an enzymatic process, or fermentation, the last of which is used commercially.[3]

In the fermentation process, glucose is fermented by microorganisms yielding gluconic acid. Aspergillus niger and Gluconobacter oxidans are used in industry.[3] Sodium gluconate is derived by neutralizing gluconic acid with sodium hydroxide.

Applications

Sodium gluconate's early uses were primarily in medicine due to its mild and non-toxic properties. Over time, its applications expanded to various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, construction, textiles, and more, as its versatile properties and safety profile became more widely recognized.[3]

Food industry: Sodium gluconate is used as a food additive for various purposes, including as a sequestrant to prevent metal ions from affecting the color, flavor, or stability of food products.

Construction: Sodium gluconate is employed in the construction industry as a concrete admixture. It acts as a water reducer and retarder, enhancing the workability and performance of concrete.

Textiles: In textile dyeing and printing, it is utilized as a chelating agent to improve color fastness.

Metallurgy: Sodium gluconate is employed for metal surface treatment and cleaning, particularly for steel surfaces.

Cleaning Products: It can be found in cleaning agents for glass bottles and as a chelating agent in various cleaning formulations.

Safety and regulation

Sodium Gluconate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for consumption by regulatory authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is considered non-toxic and safe for use in food and pharmaceuticals.

Environmental impact

Sodium Gluconate is known for its biodegradability,[4] which means it can break down naturally in the environment. It is considered environmentally friendly.

References

  1. ^ Chemistry id sis.nlm.nih.gov
  2. ^ "Sodium Gluconate (Chelating Agent): Cosmetic Ingredient INCI". cosmetics.specialchem.com. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Papagianni, M. (2011). "Organic Acids". Comprehensive Biotechnology. pp. 109–120. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00011-8. ISBN 978-0-08-088504-9.
  4. ^ Sodium Gluconate Santos.com December 2021
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