Sittişah Hatun
| Sittişah Hatun | |
|---|---|
A 15th century idealized portrait of Sittişah Hatun, painted in Byzantine style[1] | |
| Born | c. 1430 Elbistan, Beylik of Dulkadir[2] |
| Died | September 1486 (aged 55–56)[2] Edirne, Ottoman Empire |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Father | Suleiman Beg |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sittişah Mükrime Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: ست شاہ خاتون; c. 1430 – September 1486),[2] also known as Sitti Hatun, was a Turkish princess and the legal wife of Mehmed the Conqueror.[3]
Early life
Sittişah Hatun was the daughter of Suleiman Beg, the sixth ruler of Dulkadir State and the niece of Emine Hatun, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed I's wife.[2][3] He is described as a man of unshapely corpulence and pathological sensuality but also as a skillful horseman and the owner of magnificent stables, possessed a considerable army of brave, devoted Turk men and was fabulously wealthy, two circumstances which in themselves sufficed to incline Murad toward the union of his son and heir with this respected noble families which centuries later, though dispossessed of its lands, was still revered as a family of royal blood. The Byzantine chronicler Ducas was convinced, not without reason, that one of the Sultan's chief motives in seeking this marriage was to obtain an ally against the arrogant Karamanids and Jahan Shah, the chief of the Turk men Black Sheep Tribe (Kara Koyunlu).[4]
Marriage
Engagement
When Mehmed II turned seventeen, his father decided that he should be married to a woman of inferior station for political purposes. The Sultan's choice fell on the wealthy and beautiful daughters of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadir State. It must have been in the winter of 1448-1449 that Murad summoned Çandarlı Halil Pasha, his trusted Grand Vizier, and informed him of the marriage plans. The Sultan declared that he wished the prince to marry and this time as he, Murad, saw fit. Halil Pasha approved wholeheartedly of his master's plan, whereupon they decided to choose one of Süleyman's daughters. The wife of Hizir Pasha, Governor of Amasya, was sent to Elbistan to select the bride in accordance with ancient custom. Her choice fell on Sittişah hatun, the most beautiful of the daughters; the intermediary kissed her eyes and put the engagement ring on the finger.[4]
Wedding
Later the same matron, this time accompanied by Saruca Pasha, the Sultan's favoured adviser in family matters, returned to the court of Elbistan to bring the chosen bride home to Rumelia. The most distinguished nobles of the land escorted the young girl across the mountains to the former Ottoman capital of Bursa, where the judges, the ülema and the sheikhs of the religious orders came to meet her in solemn procession and then onward across the Dardanelles. At the news the cortege was approaching, Murad sent out the grandees of the realm from Edirne to meet his future daughter-in-law, who continued on the Sultan's residence with her imposing retinue.[4]
The wedding took place in the winter of 1450 in Edirne. For the occasion, all subordinate beys, as well as allied rulers from the East and West, were invited, and a grand celebration was held. The festivities gave the young Çelebi Sultan Mehmed an opportunity to witness splendid ceremonies. After the wedding, Sultan Mehmed went with his wife to Manisa, where he would soon receive news of his father’s death. Enveri states that the wedding ceremony took place in the winter of 1450–1451 (Düsturname, p. 93), a date which is also given by Doukas, Chalkokondyles, and anonymous Ottoman historians.[5][6][7]
Due to their shared middle name, Sittişah is sometimes confused with Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun, another consort of Mehmed and mother of his successor Bayezid II.
After the accession to the throne of Bayezid II, son of Mehmed II, one of her nieces, Ayşe Hatun, daughter of her brother, became one of his consorts. As for Sittişah, also Ayşe was confused or exchanged and finally "merged" with Gülbahar Hatun, mother of Selim I, who for a long time was instead considered to be Ayşe's own son.
Death
Long After Mehmed had removed his court to Istanbul, Sittişah Hatun remained Edirne,[3][8] until the end of September 1486.[2] She was buried in her mausoleum inside the mosque she had built during the reign of Bayezid II, son of Mehmed and Gülbahar Hatun.
Sitti Şah Hatun’s tomb is located on the qibla side of her mosque and holds a unique distinction for Edirne. She was the first member of the Ottoman dynasty—male or female, including those who died in Edirne—to be buried in the city. She also represents another “first”: there are two official portraits of her, one showing her in a palanquin and the other with her brother.[9]
References
- ^ Wedding portrait, Nauplion.net
- ^ a b c d e Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 151.
- ^ a b c d Uluçay 2011, p. 40.
- ^ a b c Babinger 1992, p. 57.
- ^ İnalcık, Halil (2019). Fatih Sultan Mehemmed Han (in Turkish). İŞ BANKASI KÜLTÜR YAYINLARI. p. 704. ISBN 9786257999120.
- ^ Babinger 1992, p. 57-8.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 154.
- ^ Babinger 1992, p. 58.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2008, p. 157.
Sources
- Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01078-6.
- Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
- Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara: Ötüken. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.