Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush
Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush al-Armanī al-Muzaffari al-Nasiri, also al-Taqavi and al-Ghuzi[2] (died 1212) was a Turkish Mamluk in the service of the Ayyubid prince al-Muzaffar (nephew of Saladin), who engaged in a series of campaigns of conquest in Tripolitania and Ifriqiya between 1172 and the 1190s. However some historians like Ibn Khaldun and Ibn Galbun said that he was of Armenian origin.[3] Operating on behalf of Saladin initially, but increasingly on his own account, he fought against the expanding Almohad Caliphate and allied with the Banu Ghaniya.[2]
His conquest of Tripoli (modern-day Tripoli, Libya) occurred during his campaigns between 1172–1174.[4] He ruled the area for many years and was still based in Tripoli circa 1185-1186, even taking control of the Tunisian Jarid with his ally Ali b. Ghaniya (Ali ibn Ishaq, 1184–1187/1188), moving his headquarters to Gabis.[5]
In the end, he fell out with the Ghaniya, and was defeated and executed by Yahya ibn Ghaniya (Yahya ibn Ishaq, 1187/1188–1235/1236) at Waddan in 1212.[2]
References
- ^ Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher (1991). The atlas of the Crusades. New York : Facts on File. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8160-2186-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - ^ a b c Pellat 1978, p. 614.
- ^ Öngül 2001, p. 442.
- ^ Jenkins, Everett (7 May 2015). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-4766-0888-4.
- ^ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (20 August 1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-316-58334-0.
Sources
- Baadj, Amar S. (2015). Saladin, the Almohads and the Banu Ghaniya. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-29620-6.
- Baadj, Amar S. (2018). "Qarāqūsh al-Armanī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_46355. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Ehrenkreutz, Andrew S. (1972). Saladin. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-87395-095-X.
- Pellat, Ch. (1978). "Ḳarāḳūs̲h̲". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 614. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3916. OCLC 758278456.
- Öngül, Alı (2001). KARAKUŞ, Şerefeddin - An article published in Turkish Encyclopedia Of Islam (in Turkish). Vol. 24 (Kaani - Kastamonu). Istanbul: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. pp. 442–443. ISBN 9789753894517.