List of active separatist movements in Europe

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession.[1][2][3]

Azerbaijan

Lezgistan

Denmark

For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America

Faroe Islands

Main article: Faroese independence movement

Bornholm

France

See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § France, List of active separatist movements in South America § France, List of active separatist movements in Africa § France, and List of active separatist movements in Oceania § France
Secessionist movements

French Basque Country/ Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Main articles: Basque nationalism and Basque Country independence

Etat Pied-Noir

  • Ethnic group: Pieds-Noirs
  • Political party: Etat Pied-Noir[12][13][14][15]
  • Status: Active (Established in 2016)
  • Proposed state: The federation of the two shores^

Historic Brittany, comprising Brittany (administrative region) and Loire-Atlantique

Main articles: Breton nationalism and Reunification of Brittany

Corsica

Main articles: Corsican nationalism and corsican autonomy
See also: Italian irredentism in Corsica

French Flanders

Main article: Flemish nationalism

Provence

Northern Catalonia/Pyrénées-Orientales

Savoy

Burgundy[32]

  • Proposed: independence for Burgundy
    • Advocacy group: le Mouvement de Libération de la Bourgogne

Georgia

Main article: Russo-Georgian war

Territory of the former Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Main article: Abkhaz–Georgian conflict

Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

Main article: Ossetian–Georgian conflict

Javakheti

Adjara

  • Ethnic group: Adjarians
    • Proposed: Autonomy for Adjara
    • Political Party: Adjara Party

Germany

Bavaria
Saxony

Saxony

Lusatia

East Frisia

Italy

Further information: Italian unification
Friuli
Friuli-Venezia Giulia region

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Main article: Friulian Front

Lombardy

Main article: Lombard nationalism
Northern Italy
Proposed nation of Padania, light blue includes the regions of Tuscany, Umbria and Marche

Northern Italy

Main article: Padanian nationalism

Southern Italy

Sicily

Main article: Sicilian nationalism

South Tyrol

Main article: South Tyrolean secessionist movement

Savoy

Tuscany

Veneto

Main article: Venetian nationalism

Trieste

Aosta Valley

Sardinia

Moldova

Breakaway state

Transnistria

Main article: Transnistria War

Gagauzia

Montenegro

Sandzak

  • Ethnic group: Bosniak
    • Proposed: Greater Autonomy
      • Political party: Free Sandzaz[95]

Netherlands

Location of Friesland
See also: List of active separatist movements in North America § Netherlands

Frisia

Portugal

Azores[98]

Romania

Transylvania and Banat[100]

Location of Transylvania (left) and Banat (right)

Székely Land

Main article: Székely autonomy movement

Russia

Main articles: Separatism in Russia and Proposed federal subjects of Russia
See also: Separatism in Russia and List of active separatist movements in Asia § Russia

Secessionist movements:
Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia[117]

See also: Circassian nationalism

Bashkortostan

Chechnya

Dagestan

Ingushetia

Kaliningrad Oblast[123]

Republic of Kalmykia

Republic of Karelia[126]

Krasnodar Krai[127]

  • People: Cossacks,[128] Russians
    • Proposed state or autonomous area: Kuban
        • Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
          • Militant organization: Kuban Cossack Army
          • Political parties: Free Cossack Movement, Lapin, Movement for the Federalizations of Kuban, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia and Abroad, Committee for the Liberation of the Kuban
          • Political organizations: Cossack Congress, Cossacks of the Kuban Rada

Kingiseppsky, Lomonosovsky, Volosovsky & Sosnovy Bor districts of Leningrad Oblast[129]

Mari El[132][133]

Mordovia[133]

North Caucasian Federal District

Tatarstan[129]

Rostov Oblast

Udmurtia[133]

Volga Federal District

Kumykia[140]

Astrakhan Oblast[141]

Komi[142]

Severia[143]

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed: independence or autonomy for Severia
    • Advocacy group: Seversky Region Movement

Chuvashia[144]

Kursk Oblast[145]

Smolensk Oblast[146]

  • Ethnic group: Russians
    • Proposed: independence or autonomy for Smolensk Oblast
    • Advocacy group: Smolensk Republican Center

Pskov Oblast[147]

North Ossetia

Vepsia

Terek Cossack Host

Zalessian Rus Central Black Earth Region

Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug[149]

Karachay-Cherkessia

Russian-occupied Ukraine

Main article: Ukrainian resistance in Russian-occupied Ukraine

Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

Donetsk People's Republic, Luhansk People's Republic (Annexed by Russia in 2022)

Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast,[154][155][156]

Serbia

Autonomist movements

Vojvodina

Main article: Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
Main article: Hungarian Regional Autonomy

Sandžak

Preševo Valley

Slovakia

Autonomist movements

Southern Slovakia:

  • People: Hungarians
    • Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence,[166] or unification with Hungary

Spain

Further information: National and regional identity in Spain
See also: List of active separatist movements in Africa § Spain
Secessionist movements

Basque Country (autonomous community) and Navarre

Main articles: Basque nationalism and Basque independence

Catalonia[169]

Main articles: Catalan nationalism; Catalan independence; Catalan independence referendum, 2017; and Catalan declaration of independence

Galicia[170]

Main articles: Galicianism, Galician nationalism, and Galician independence

Valencia

Main articles: Valencianism, Valencian nationalism, and Catalan nationalism

Aragon[173]

Balearic Islands[174]

Andalusia[175]

Main article: Andalusian nationalism

Asturias[176]

Autonomist movements

Cartagena

León

Province of Granada[178]

El Bierzo[180][181]

Campo de Gibraltar[182]

Ukraine

Main articles: Russo-Ukrainian War, 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, and War in Donbas

Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol

Main article: Political status of Crimea

Donetsk Oblast, Luhansk Oblast

Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast[183]

Main articles: Regionalism in Ukraine and Rusyns § Autonomist and separatist movement

Carpathian Ruthenia[185][186][187][188]

United Kingdom

Main articles: Separatism in the United Kingdom, Federalism in the United Kingdom, Countries of the United Kingdom, and Potential breakup of the United Kingdom
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom and List of active separatist movements in Africa § United Kingdom
Major movements

England

Main article: English independence

Northern Ireland

See also: Irish nationalism, Irish republicanism, United Ireland, Ulster Independence Movement, The Troubles, and Dissident Irish Republican campaign

Scotland

See also: Scottish nationalism, Scottish independence, Scottish independence referendum 2014, Proposed second Scottish independence referendum, and Devolution in Scotland

Wales

See also: Welsh nationalism and Welsh independence

Minor movements

Cornwall[214]

See also: Cornish nationalism, Cornish devolution, Constitutional status of Cornwall, and Cornish Assembly

Northern England[219]

See also: Devolution to the North of England and North–South divide in the United Kingdom

London[225]

Main article: London independence

Fife[230]

  • Proposed state: Fife
    • Political Party: Fife National Party

Norfolk[231]

  • Proposed state: Norfolk
    • Political Party: Norfolk Independence Party
Separatist movements of dependent territories

Gibraltar

Isle of Man[236]

Main article: Manx nationalism

See also

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