Salme Pekkala-Dutt
Salme Pekkala-Dutt | |
|---|---|
| Born | Salme Anette Murrik 29 August 1888 |
| Died | 30 August 1964 (aged 76) London, UK |
| Other name | Salme Anette Murrik Pekkala[1] |
| Occupations | |
| Spouse(s) |
|
| Relatives | Hella Wuolijoki (sister) Erkki Tuomioja (great-nephew) Mauno Pekkala (ex-brother-in-law) |
| Writing career | |
| Pen name | Sancho |
Salme Anette Pekkala-Dutt (née Murrik; 30 August 1888 – 30 August 1964), known by the pen name Sancho, was an Estonian-British communist politician, essayist, writer and translator.[2][3][4]
Early life and education
Salme Anette Murrik was born 29 August 1888[a] in Taagepera, Governorate of Livonia (present-day, Estonia)[2][3] to Ernst Murrik and Katarina Kokamägi. One of five siblings, Pekkala-Dutt was the younger sister of the writer Hella Wuolijoki.[5]
Pekkala-Dutt grew up and attended primary school in Valga.[3] Pekkala-Dutt later moved to Tartu and attended Pushkin's Girls Gymnasium.[3] In 1905, Pekkala-Dutt was forced to leave the Pushkin's Girls Gymnasium due to her participation in underground activities linked to the 1905 Russian Revolution.[3]
Pekkala-Dutt moved to Moscow where she studied at a Gymnasium before attending university.[3]
Career
Due to her revolutionary activities, Pekkala-Dutt went into voluntarily exile in Siberia for two years.[3] Pekkala-Dutt later relocated in Finland[3] in 1908.
In 1920, settled in Britain as a Comintern representative.[3][6] During the early years of the Communist Party of Great Britain, Pekkala-Dutt acted as the link to Moscow for her future husband R. Palme Dutt.[7] Salme Murrik had been directed to Britain on Lenin's orders to participate in forming the Communist Party there. She remained an ardent admirer of Stalin even after Khruschchev's 1956 secret speech critical of Stalin's cult of personality.
Pekkala-Dutt's treatment of the Chartist movement, When England Arose, was published in 1939. A collection of poems, entitled Lucifer and Other Poems, was published in London in 1966.
Personal life
Through her sister Hella Pekkala-Dutt was the great-aunt of the Finnish politician Erkki Tuomioja.[8][9][10]
In 1913, Pekkala-Dutt married the Finnish politician Eino Pekkala. Pekkala-Dutt and Pekkala later divorced in January 1924.
On 5 August 1924, Pekkala-Dutt married R. Palme Dutt, a British journalist, theoretician and member of the Communist Party of Great Britain, in Stockholm.[1]
On 30 August 1964 Pekkala-Dutt died in London, aged 76.[3][2]
Notes
References
- ^ a b c "Palme-Dutt Rajam and Murrik Pekkals Salame Anette [Marriage Index]". Sweden, Indexed Marriage Records, 1860–1947 [database on-line]. Lehi, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1924.
- ^ a b c "DUTT Salme Annette Palme". Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England. London: Principal Probate Registry: 436. 1964.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "DUTT, SALME". Valgamaa kodulooline andmebaas ISIK (in Estonian). Valga, Estonia: Valga Keskraamatukogu. Archived from the original on 21 April 2026. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ^ a b "Salme A Dutt". 1939 Register; Middlesex; Wood Green Mb; Bycp. Kew, Richmond: The National Archives. 1939.
- ^ Leppänen, Katarina (2016). "The Politics of Hella Wuolijoki's Autobiography". Scandinavian Journal of History. 41 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1080/03468755.2015.1114018. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
- ^ Gathercole, Peter (1994). "Childe in History". Institute of Archaeology Bulletin (31). London: Institute of Archaeology, University College London: 25–52. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ^ David Harker, Tressell
- ^ Leppänen, Katarina (2016). "The Politics of Hella Wuolijoki's Autobiography". Scandinavian Journal of History. 41 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1080/03468755.2015.1114018. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
- ^ Hurmerinta, Riitta-Ilona. "Hella Wuolijoki". 375 Humanists. Translated by Bernoulli, Aija-Leena; Lappi, Merikki; Oakes, Elizabeth; Spoof, Johanna. Helsinki, Finland: University of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 17 October 2025.
- ^ "Sakari Tuomioja, U.N. Mediator In Cyprus Dispute, Dead at 53; Finnish Envoy Also Served as 'Presence' in Laos —Was Banking Expert". New York Times. New York City, New York. 10 September 1964. Archived from the original on 11 November 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
- Lausti.com
- John Callaghan “Rajani Palme Dutt, British communism, and the Communist Party of India″ - Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 6, Issue 1 March 1990, pages 49 – 70
- Andrew Thorpe The British Communist Party and Moscow 1920-43, Manchester University Press, 308 s., Midsomer Norton 2000
- Erkki Tuomioja Häivähdys punaista Helsinki:Tammi, 2006 (Swedish translation: Ett stänk av rött: två systrar i revolutionens tjänst Stockholm, 2008, Estonian: Õrnroosa: Hella Wuolijoe ja Salme Dutti elu revolutsiooni teenistuses, Tallinn, 2006, the English manuscript is entitled A delicate shade of pink)