Saccharomyces uvarum
| Saccharomyces uvarum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Saccharomycetes |
| Order: | Saccharomycetales |
| Family: | Saccharomycetaceae |
| Genus: | Saccharomyces |
| Species: | S. uvarum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Saccharomyces uvarum Nguyen & Gaillardin ex. Beijerinck
| |
| Type strain | |
| CBS 395 | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Saccaromyces bayanus var. uvarum | |
Saccharomyces uvarum is a species of yeast that is commonly found in fermented beverages, particularly those fermented at colder temperatures.[1] It is found in cider (fruit), wine (grape), and beer (cereal)-brewing locations as well as on oak tree barks in nature.[2] It was originally described by Martinus Willem Beijerinck in 1898, but was long considered identical to S. bayanus.[1][3] In 2000 and 2005, genetic investigations of various Saccharomyces species indicated that S. uvarum is genetically distinct from S. bayanus and should be considered a unique species.[1][3]
It is a bottom-fermenting yeast, so-called because it does not form the foam on top of the wort that top-fermenting yeast does.
Several genomes are available for S. uvarum, a recent one being a long read sequence of the strain CBS 7001, a more fertile relative of the type strain CBS 395. Each haploid genome includes 16 chromosomes.[4] Unlike natural strains, human-associated strains show introgression from S. eubayanus and S. kudriavzevii.[2] There has been multiple independent hybridization events with S. eubayanus and subsequent backcrossing in collected strains. Yeasts with high S. eubayanus and S. uvarum are considered undesired producers of off-flavors in beer-brewing partly due to 4-vinyl guaiacol production.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Pulvirenti A, Nguyen HV, Caggia C, Giudici P, Rainieri S, Zambonelli C (2000). "Saccharomyces uvarum, a proper species with Saccharomyces sensu stricto". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 192 (2): 191–196. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09381.x. PMID 11064194.
- ^ a b Albertin, Warren; Chernova, Maria; Durrens, Pascal; Guichoux, Erwan; Sherman, David James; Masneuf‐Pomarede, Isabelle; Marullo, Philippe (January 2018). "Many interspecific chromosomal introgressions are highly prevalent in Holarctic Saccharomyces uvarum strains found in human‐related fermentations". Yeast. 35 (1): 141–156. doi:10.1002/yea.3248.
- ^ a b Nguyen, H.; Gaillardin, C. (2005). "Evolutionary relationships between the former species Saccharomyces uvarum and the hybrids Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces pastorianus; reinstatement of Saccharomyces uvarum (Beijerinck) as a distinct species". FEMS Yeast Research. 5 (4–5): 471–483. doi:10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.12.004. PMID 15691752.
- ^ Chen, Jingxuan; Garfinkel, David J.; Bergman, Casey M. (20 January 2022). "Long-Read Genome Assembly of Saccharomyces uvarum Strain CBS 7001". Microbiology Resource Announcements. 11 (1). doi:10.1128/mra.00972-21. PMC 8759399.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Langdon, QK; Peris, D; Baker, EP; Opulente, DA; Nguyen, HV; Bond, U; Gonçalves, P; Sampaio, JP; Libkind, D; Hittinger, CT (November 2019). "Fermentation innovation through complex hybridization of wild and domesticated yeasts". Nature ecology & evolution. 3 (11): 1576–1586. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0998-8. PMC 7295394. PMID 31636426.