Runcinia grammica
| European Runcinia Grass Crab Spider | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Thomisidae |
| Genus: | Runcinia |
| Species: | R. grammica
|
| Binomial name | |
| Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837)[1]
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Runcinia grammica is a species of crab spiders, first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.[1]
Distribution
This species is found in Europe and Asia.[1]
Runcina grammica has reportedly been sighted in various areas of Southeastern Spain[2] and Southwestern Portugal.[3][4] They are also known to inhabit Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus,[5] Italy,[6] India,[7] South Africa, St. Helena,[8][9][10] Turkey,[10][9] France,[11] and in the Carpathian Basin.[12] They are among the most common species of spiders in Portugal.[9] They are one of the many species preserved at the Mountain Zebra National Park, in South Africa.[13]
Life style
The species generally lives in peat bogs, fens, and meadows,[14][15] although it has also been known to inhabit urban areas[16] They usually mature to adulthood in the summer.[15] They have short, broad bodies,[17] which are covered in hair and spines.[7] They have clear muscular corrugation on their sides,[7] and, on small raised bumps on their heads, eight small eyes.[17] Males are usually 2.5–3.5mm in length, females 4-6mm.[15] They are predators,[16] and eat various species of insects.[15]
Unlike many spiders, they do not spin a web of any kind. Instead, they prowl on the ground, as well as climbing plants and flowers, to find their prey.[17] They can move forwards, backwards, and sideways.[17]
References
- ^ a b c d "Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837)". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 1 October 2025.
- ^ Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal. Us.mirror.gbif.org (22 February 2007). Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ Portugal Spider Catalogue Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Ennor.org. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837). Caucasus-spiders.info. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ Runcinia grammica. Comune.pisa.it. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ a b c Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Volume 103, Issues 1–2, published 2004, page 124
- ^ 2008 Annual Checklist : Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837). Catalogue of Life (5 January 2008). Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ a b c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Runcinia grammica (C.L. Koch, 1837) - Thomise rayé". Inpn.mnhn.fr. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Meadows – Thomisidae. Commanster.eu. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Runcinia grammica". 12 January 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ a b Runcinia grammica – Ecologia, Taxonomia, Morfologia, Distribution. Naturdata.com. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d Runcinia grammica. Zipcodezoo.com. Retrieved 22 October 2011.