Road signs in the Soviet Union

This article is about road signs used in the Soviet Union before its dissolution in 1991. For the road signs used in today's post-Soviet states, see Traffic signs in post-Soviet states.

Road signs in the Soviet Union were regulated in the GOST 10807-78 standard which was introduced on 1 January 1980.[1][2] This standard also specified the typeface used on road signs. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, this standard continued to apply in all countries that were formerly Soviet republics until some of them adopted their own national standards for road signs. The shapes and colors of road signs in the Soviet Union, and now in all post-Soviet states, fully comply with the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, to which the Soviet Union was originally a signatory. On 8 November 1968, the Soviet Union signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and on 7 June 1974 ratified it with some declarations and reservations made upon ratification.[3][4]

Road signs in the Soviet Union were divided into 7 categories:

  1. Warning signs
  2. Priority signs
  3. Prohibitory signs
  4. Mandatory signs
  5. Information signs
  6. Service signs
  7. Additional signs

Below are images of road signs used in the Soviet Union before its dissolution in 1991. The galleries shown below do not show road signs that were included in the GOST 10807-78 standard after 1991. The vast majority of road signs shown below are still used in post-Soviet states such as Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan but with some modifications in design.

Road signs of 1980

Warning signs

  • 1.1 Railway crossing with barriers
  • 1.2 Railway crossing without barriers
  • 1.3.1 Single-track railway
  • 1.3.2 Multi-track railway
  • 1.4.1 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.4.2 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.4.3 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.4.4 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.4.5 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.4.6 Approaching a railway crossing
  • 1.5 Tramway crossing
  • 1.6 Intersection of equivalent roads
  • 1.7 Roundabout
  • 1.8 Traffic signals
  • 1.9 Drawbridge
  • 1.10 Exit to the embankment
  • 1.11.1 Sharp curve to the right
  • 1.11.2 Sharp curve to the left
  • 1.12.1 Sharp curves, first to the right
  • 1.12.2 Sharp curves, first to the left
  • 1.13 Steep descent
  • 1.14 Steep ascent
  • 1.15 Slippery road
  • 1.16 Rough road
  • 1.17 Gravel surface
  • 1.18.1 Narrowing of the road on both sides
  • 1.18.2 Narrowing of the road on the right
  • 1.18.3 Narrowing of the road on the left
  • 1.19.1 Two-way traffic
  • 1.20 Pedestrian crossing
  • 1.21 Children
  • 1.22 Bicycle path crossing
  • 1.23 Roadworks
  • 1.24 Cattle
  • 1.25 Wild animals
  • 1.26 Rockfall
  • 1.27 Crosswind
  • 1.28 Low-flying aircraft
  • 1.29 Tunnel
  • 1.30 Other hazards
  • 1.31.1 Hazard chevron
  • 1.31.2 Hazard chevron
  • 1.31.3 Hazard chevron

Priority signs

  • 2.1 Priority road
  • 2.2 End of priority road
  • 2.3.1 Intersection with a minor road
  • 2.3.2 Side road intersection with a minor road
  • 2.3.3 Side road intersection with a minor road
  • 2.4 Give way
  • 2.5 Stop sign
  • 2.6 Give way to oncoming traffic
  • 2.7 Priority over oncoming traffic

Prohibitory signs

  • 3.1 No entry
  • 3.2 No vehicles
  • 3.3 No motor vehicles
  • 3.4 No lorries
  • 3.5 No motorcycles
  • 3.6 No tractors
  • 3.7 No vehicles with trailer (and truck)
  • 3.8 No horse-drawn carts
  • 3.9 No cycling
  • 3.10 No pedestrians
  • 3.11 Weight limit
  • 3.12 Weight limit per axle
  • 3.13 Height limit
  • 3.14 Width limit
  • 3.15 Length limit
  • 3.16 Minimum distance limit
  • 3.17.1 Customs
  • 3.17.2 Danger
  • 3.18.1 No right turn
  • 3.18.2 No left turn
  • 3.19 No U-turn
  • 3.20 No overtaking
  • 3.21 End of overtaking restriction
  • 3.22 No overtaking by lorries
  • 3.23 End of overtaking by lorries restriction
  • 3.24 Maximum speed limit
  • 3.25 End of maximum speed limit
  • 3.26 No beeping
  • 3.27 No stopping
  • 3.28 No parking
  • 3.29 No parking on odd days of the month
  • 3.30 No parking on even days of the month
  • 3.31 End of all restrictions
  • 3.32 No vehicles with dangerous goods
  • 3.33 No vehicles with explosive and flammable loads

Mandatory signs

  • 4.1.1 Proceed straight
  • 4.1.2 Turn right
  • 4.1.3 Turn left
  • 4.1.4 Proceed straight or turn right
  • 4.1.5 Proceed straight or turn left
  • 4.1.6 Turn left or right
  • 4.2.1 Keep right
  • 4.2.2 Keep left
  • 4.2.3 Keep right or left
  • 4.3 Roundabout
  • 4.4 Cars only
  • 4.5 Cycle path
  • 4.6 Footpath
  • 4.7 Minimum speed limit
  • 4.8 End of minimum speed limit

Information signs

  • 5.1 Motorway
  • 5.2 End of the motorway
  • 5.3 Road for cars
  • 5.4 End of the road for cars
  • 5.5 One-way road
  • 5.6 End of one-way road
  • 5.7.1 Exit to a one-way road
  • 5.7.2 Exit to a one-way road
  • 5.8.1 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.2 Lane directions
  • 5.8.3 The beginning of the lane
  • 5.8.3 The beginning of the lane
  • 5.8.4 The beginning of the lane
  • 5.8.5 End of the lane
  • 5.8.6 End of the lane
  • 5.8.7 Lane direction
  • 5.8.7 Lane direction
  • 5.8.8 Lane direction
  • 5.8.8 Lane direction
  • 5.9 Bus lane
  • 5.10.1 A road with a line for fixed-route vehicles
  • 5.10.2 End of the road with a lane for fixed-route vehicles
  • 5.10.3 Exit to the road with a lane for fixed-route vehicles
  • 5.11.1 U-turn
  • 5.11.2 U-turn area
  • 5.12 Bus and/or trolleybus stop location
  • 5.13 Tram stop location
  • 5.14 Taxi stop
  • 5.15 Parking
  • 5.16.1 Pedestrian crossing
  • 5.16.2 Pedestrian crossing
  • 5.17.1 Subway (underpass)
  • 5.17.2 Subway (underpass)
  • 5.17.3 Footbridge
  • 5.17.4 Footbridge
  • 5.18 Recommended speed
  • 5.19.1 Dead end
  • 5.19.2 Dead end
  • 5.19.3 Dead end
  • 5.20.1 A preliminary sign of directions
  • 5.20.1 A preliminary sign of directions
  • 5.20.2 A preliminary sign of direction
  • 5.20.2 A preliminary sign of direction
  • 5.20.3 Traffic scheme
  • 5.21.1 Pointing direction
  • 5.21.1 Pointing direction
  • 5.21.2 Pointing directions
  • 5.22.1 Entrance to built-up area
  • 5.23.1 End of built-up area
  • 5.24 Entrance to locality
  • 5.25 End of locality
  • 5.26 Object name (river name)
  • 5.26 Object name (street name)
  • 5.27 Distance indicator
  • 5.28 Kilometer sign
  • 5.29.1 Route number
  • 5.29.1 Route number
  • 5.29.2 Route number and direction
  • 5.29.2 Route number and direction
  • 5.29.2 Route number and direction
  • 5.30.1 Direction of movement for trucks
  • 5.30.2 Direction of movement for trucks
  • 5.30.3 Direction of movement for trucks
  • 5.31 Detour scheme
  • 5.32.1 Detour direction
  • 5.32.2 Detour direction
  • 5.32.3 Detour direction
  • 5.33 Stop line
  • 5.34.1 Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
  • 5.34.2 Preliminary index of the lane change to another carriageway
  • 5.35 Reversible lane
  • 5.36 End of reversible lane
  • 5.37 Entrance to a road with reversible lane
  • 5.38 Residential area
  • 5.39 End of residential area

Service signs

  • 6.1 Point of medical care
  • 6.2 Hospital
  • 6.3 Gas station
  • 6.4 Vehicle maintenance
  • 6.5 Car washing
  • 6.6 Phone
  • 6.7 Food point
  • 6.8 Drinking water
  • 6.9 Hotel or motel
  • 6.10 Camping
  • 6.11 Place of rest
  • 6.12 State Traffic Inspectorate (ГАИ)

Additional signs

  • 7.1.1 Distance to the object
  • 7.1.2 Distance to the object
  • 7.1.3 Distance to the object
  • 7.1.4 Distance to the object
  • 7.2.1 Coverage area
  • 7.2.2 Coverage area
  • 7.2.3 Coverage area
  • 7.2.4 Coverage area
  • 7.2.5 Coverage area
  • 7.2.6 Coverage area
  • 7.3.1 Directions of action
  • 7.3.2 Directions of action
  • 7.3.3 Directions of action
  • 7.4.1 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.2 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.3 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.4 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.5 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.6 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.7 Type of vehicle
  • 7.4.8 Type of vehicle
  • 7.5.1 Saturdays, Sundays and holidays
  • 7.5.2 Working days
  • 7.5.3 Days of the week
  • 7.5.4 Validity period
  • 7.5.5 Validity period
  • 7.5.6 Validity period
  • 7.5.7 Validity period
  • 7.6.1 Method of parking the vehicle
  • 7.6.2 Method of parking the vehicle
  • 7.6.3 Method of parking the vehicle
  • 7.6.4 Method of parking the vehicle (park in backwards)
  • 7.6.5 Method of parking the vehicle (front wheels of car facing curb)
  • 7.7 No idling engine while parked here (Number of dangerous turns must be incorrect)
  • 7.8 Paid services
  • 7.9 Limitation of parking duration
  • 7.10 Place for car inspection
  • 7.11 Limitation of the permitted maximum mass
  • 7.12 Dangerous roadside
  • 7.13 Direction of the main road
  • 7.14 Traffic lane
  • 7.15 Blind pedestrians

Road signs of 1973

Warning signs

  • 1.1 Railroad crossing with gates
  • 1.2 Railroad crossing without gates
  • 1.3 Tram crossing
  • 1.4 Intersection
  • 1.5а Intersection with priority
  • 1.5б Intersection with priority (right)
  • 1.5в Intersection with priority (left)
  • 1.6 Yield
  • 1.7 Traffic lights ahead
  • 1.8 Draw bridge or ferry
  • 1.9 Embankment
  • 1.10а Curve to the right
  • 1.10б Curve to the left
  • 1.11а Double curve, or a series of curves, the first to the right
  • 1.11б Double curve, or a series of curves, the first to the left
  • 1.12 Steep descent
  • 1.13 Steep ascent
  • 1.14 Rough road
  • 1.15 Slippery road
  • 1.16 Loose gravel
  • 1.17а Road narrows
  • 1.17б Road narrows (right)
  • 1.17в Road narrows (left)
  • 1.18 Two-way traffic
  • 1.19 Pedestrian crossing ahead
  • 1.20 Children
  • 1.21 Roadworks
  • 1.22а Animals (domesticated)
  • 1.22б Animals (wild)
  • 1.23 Falling rocks
  • 1.24 Crosswinds
  • 1.25 Other hazards

Prohibitory signs

  • 2.1 Do not enter
  • 2.2 Closed to all vehicles
  • 2.3 No cars
  • 2.4 No trucks
  • 2.5 No motorcycles
  • 2.6 No animal-drawn vehicles
  • 2.7 No tractors
  • 2.8 No vehicles with trailer
  • 2.9 No cycles
  • 2.10 No pedestrians
  • 2.11 Weight limit
  • 2.12 Weight limit per axle
  • 2.13 Height limit
  • 2.14 Width limit
  • 2.15 Stop
  • 2.16а No left turn
  • 2.16б No right turn
  • 2.17 No U-turn
  • 2.18 No overtaking
  • 2.19 No overtaking by lorries
  • 2.20 Speed limit
  • 2.21 No beeping
  • 2.22 No stopping
  • 2.23 No parking
  • 2.24 Yield to oncoming traffic
  • 2.25а End of overtaking restriction
  • 2.25б End of overtaking by lorries restriction
  • 2.25в End of speed limit
  • 2.25г End of all restrictions

Mandatory signs

  • 3.1а Mandatory direction (Proceed straight)
  • 3.1б Mandatory direction (Turn right)
  • 3.1в Mandatory direction (Turn left)
  • 3.1г Mandatory direction (Proceed straight or turn right)
  • 3.1д Mandatory direction (Proceed straight or turn left)
  • 3.2 Roundabout
  • 3.3а Keep right
  • 3.3б Keep left
  • 3.4 Cars only
  • 3.5 Bike path
  • 3.6 Footpath
  • 3.7 Minimum speed limit
  • 3.8 End of minimum speed limit

Information signs

  • 4.1 Priority road
  • 4.2 End of priority road
  • 4.3 Expressway
  • 4.4 End of the expressway
  • 4.5а Beginning of a built-up area
  • 4.5б Beginning of a built-up area
  • 4.6а End of a built-up area
  • 4.6б End of a built-up area
  • 4.7 Priority over oncoming traffic
  • 4.8 Preselection sign
  • 4.9а One way traffic
  • 4.9б One way traffic
  • 4.9в One way traffic
  • 4.10а Dead end
  • 4.10б Dead end
  • 4.12 Parking
  • 4.13 Pedestrian crossing
  • 4.20 Gas station
  • 4.21 Breakdown service
  • 4.22 First aid station or hospital
  • 4.23 Public telephone
  • 4.24 Restaurant
  • 4.25 Hotel
  • 4.26 Camping

Additional signs

  • 5.1 Coverage area
  • 5.2а Distance to the object
  • 5.2б Distance to the object
  • 5.2в Stop ahead
  • 5.3а Coverage area
  • 5.3б Coverage area
  • 5.3в Coverage area
  • 5.7 Only road user category shown
  • 5.8а Railroad crossing countdown marker (240m)
  • 5.8б Railroad crossing countdown marker (160m)
  • 5.8в Railroad crossing countdown marker (80m)
  • 5.10 Direction of priority road
  • Crossbuck (one track)
  • Crossbuck (two or more tracks)

Road signs of 1953

Warning signs

  • 1.01 Railway crossing
  • 1.02 Intersection
  • 1.03 Sharp curves
  • 1.04 Sharp curve to the right
  • 1.05 Sharp curve to the left
  • 1.06 Steep descent
  • 1.07 Other hazards
  • 1.08 Main road crossing

Prohibitory signs

  • 2.01 No entry
  • 2.02 No vehicles
  • 2.03 No motor vehicles
  • 2.04 No lorries
  • 2.05 No motorcycles
  • 2.06 No cycling
  • 2.07 No horse-drawn carts
  • 2.08 Weight limit
  • 2.09 Height limit
  • 2.10 No stopping
  • 2.11 No parking
  • 2.12 Speed limit
  • 2.13 No overtaking
  • 2.14 Trucks may not overtake
  • 2.15 No beeping

Mandatory signs

  • 3.01 Proceed straight
  • 3.02 Turn right
  • 3.03 Turn left
  • 3.04 Proceed straight or turn right
  • 3.05 Proceed straight or turn left
  • 3.06 Turn right on red light
  • 3.07 Turn right on green light
  • 3.08 Proceed straight on green light
  • 3.09 Turn left on green light
  • 3.10 Turn left on red light
  • 3.11 U-turn
  • 3.12 Pedestrian crossing
  • 3.13 Parking

Road signs of 1945

  • Series of bends
  • Crossroad
  • Level crossing
  • Danger
  • No vehicles
  • No entry
  • No motor vehicles except motorcycles
  • No motorcycles
  • No motor vehicles
  • Weight limit
  • Motor vehicle weight limit
  • Speed limit
  • No stopping
  • No parking
  • Mandatory direction
  • Parking
  • Caution

Road signs of 1937

  • Series of bends
  • Crossroad
  • Level crossing
  • Danger
  • No vehicles
  • No motor vehicles except motorcycles
  • Motor vehicle weight limit
  • Speed limit
  • No stopping
  • No parking
  • Mandatory direction
  • Parking
  • Caution

Road signs of 1933

  • Uneven road
  • Series of bends
  • Crossroad
  • Level crossing with barriers
  • Level crossing without barriers
  • Danger
  • No vehicles
  • No entry
  • No motor vehicles except motorcycles
  • No motor vehicles
  • Weight limit
  • Speed limit
  • No stopping
  • No parking
  • Mandatory direction
  • Parking
  • Caution

Post-Soviet states

The GOST 10807-78 standard is still valid (with additions) in Azerbaijan[5][6] and Turkmenistan,[7] but has been replaced by new standards in other states, i.e., national standards for road signs in each of the post-Soviet states:

  • In Russia, it was replaced by the GOST R 52290-2004 standard on January 1, 2006.[8][9] The same standard applies to road signs used in Kyrgyzstan since October 2019[10][11] and Armenia[12][13] (with inscriptions in Armenian and English);
  • In Ukraine, it was replaced by the DSTU 2586-94 standard in 1994,[14][15] later DSTU 4100-2002 on January 1, 2003,[16] DSTU 4100-2014 on July 1, 2015,[17] DSTU 4100:2021 on November 1, 2021;[18][19]
  • In Belarus, it was replaced by the STB 1140-99 on October 1, 2001,[20] later STB 1140-2013 on July 1, 2014;[21]
  • In Kazakhstan, it was replaced by the ST RK 1125-2002 standard on January 1, 2004,[22] later ST RK 1125-2021 on July 1, 2022;[23]
  • In Uzbekistan, it was replaced by the O'zDST 3283:2017 standard on December 15, 2017.[24]

References

  1. ^ "Межгосударственный стандарт ГОСТ 10807-78 "Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия" (утв. постановлением Госстандарта СССР 30.08.1978 N 2401) (с изменениями и дополнениями) (не действует) | ГАРАНТ". base.garant.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  2. ^ "Скачать ГОСТ 10807-78 Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". meganorm.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  3. ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection". treaties.un.org. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  4. ^ "КОНВЕНЦИЯ О ДОРОЖНОМ ДВИЖЕНИИ от 08.11.1968 Вена | ATI.SU". ati.su (in Russian). Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  5. ^ Avtosfer.az (11 May 2020). "Bu işi yol nişanlarından başladıq… - YENİ RUBRİKADAN ÖYRƏNƏK". Avtosfer.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  6. ^ Aliyev, Anar (16 March 2019). "Daha çox insanın həyatını qoruya biləcək yeni qanun və qaydalar". İnsan yönümlü şəhərlər (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  7. ^ Atamyradow, H. (2019). Ýol hereketi we howpsuzlygy (in Turkmen). Ashgabat: Türkmen döwlet neşirýat gullugy.
  8. ^ "Дорожные знаки по ГОСТу Р 52290-2004 (от 14.12.2005)". www.sevdorstroy.ru (in Russian). 14 December 2005. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  9. ^ "ГОСТ Р 52289-2004 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Правила применения дорожных знаков, разметки, светофоров, дорожных ограждений и направляющих устройств" (PDF). joldo.kg (in Russian).
  10. ^ "Постановление Правительства КР от 7 октября 2019 года № 522 "О внесении изменений в постановление Правительства Кыргызской Республики "Об утверждении Правил дорожного движения и Основных положений по допуску транспортных средств к эксплуатации и обязанностей должностных лиц по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения" от 4 августа 1999 года № 421"". cbd.minjust.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  11. ^ "Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования". standarts.nism.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  12. ^ "ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ". www.arlis.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  13. ^ "ԳՕՍՏ Ռ 52290-2004". armstandard.am (in Armenian).
  14. ^ "ДСТУ 2586-94". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian and Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  15. ^ "ГОСТ 10807-78". Словари и энциклопедии на Академике (in Russian and Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  16. ^ "ДСТУ 4100-2002" (PDF). pdd.com.ua (in Ukrainian).
  17. ^ "ДСТУ 4100:2014 Безпека дорожнього руху. Знаки дорожні. Загальні технічні умови. Правила застосування". online.budstandart.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  18. ^ "New Standard of Road Signs". DerzhdorNDI SE. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  19. ^ "ДСТУ 4100:2021 Безпека дорожнього руху" (PDF). zakon.isu.net.ua (in Ukrainian). 14 September 2022.
  20. ^ "СТБ 1140-99. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". rovar.info (in Russian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  21. ^ "СТБ 1140-2013: Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". standartgost.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  22. ^ "Скачать СТ РК 1125-2002 Знаки дорожные. Общие технические условия". files.stroyinf.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  23. ^ "СТ РК 1125-2021 Технические средства организации дорожного движения. Знаки дорожные. Общие технические требования". vostoktranssignal.kz (in Russian and Kazakh).
  24. ^ "3283:2017-сон 15.12.2017. Знаки дорожные". lex.uz (in Russian). 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2023.

See also

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