Rio de Janeiro Metro

"Rio Metro" redirects here. Not to be confused with the regional transportation agency named Rio Metro Regional Transit District that runs the New Mexico Rail Runner Express commuter train in a route paralleling the Rio Grande.
Rio de Janeiro Metro
Antero de Quental / Leblon Station
Overview
Native nameMetrô do Rio de Janeiro
OwnerRio Trilhos (State of Rio de Janeiro)
LocaleRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines2[1][2]
Number of stations41[3][4]
Daily ridership498 401 (2024)[5]
Annual ridership182.4 million (2024)[5]
Websitemetrorio.com.br
Operation
Began operation5 March 1979 (5 March 1979)[6]
Operator(s)Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. (Mubadala Investment Company)
Train length6 cars
Technical
System length58 km (36 mi)[3][4]
Track gauge1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification750 V DC Third rail[7]
Top speed100 km/h (62 mph)[8]
System map

The Rio de Janeiro Metro (Portuguese: Metrô do Rio de Janeiro, Portuguese pronunciation: [meˌtɾo du ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu]), commonly referred to as just the Metrô (Portuguese pronunciation: [meˈtɾo]) is a rapid transit network that serves the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Metrô was inaugurated on 5 March 1979, and consisted of five stations operating on a single line.[6] The system currently covers a total of 58 kilometres (36 mi),[4] and serves 41 stations.[3][4]

The metro system is nominally divided into three lines but, because Lines 1 and 4 are operationally the same line, it effectively operates as two:[1][2] Line 1/4 is 32 kilometres (20 mi) long[9][4] and runs from Uruguai / Tijuca station in Tijuca to Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca station in Jardim Oceânico; Line 2 is 30.2 kilometres (18.8 mi) long[9] and runs from Pavuna station in Pavuna to Botafogo station in Botafogo. Line 1/4 shares track with Line 2 between Central and Botafogo, a stretch that includes 10 stations and approximately 5 km (3.1 mi) of track.[10] The Rio de Janeiro metro has the second highest metro passenger volume in Brazil after the São Paulo Metro.[11]

Line 1/4 serves Tijuca, the city center, the South Zone and the eastern tip of Barra da Tijuca. It is a semicircular line, and is almost fully underground. Line 2 serves working-class residential neighborhoods in the North Zone, as well as the city centre and part of the South Zone. It is a northwest-to-southeast line, and the non-shared portion is almost completely above-ground (mostly at-grade and partly elevated); the section of the line that interlines with Line 1/4 is entirely underground. This line started as a pre-metro on top of an old abandoned railway line, but due to increasing numbers of commuters, it was converted to metro.[12]

The Government of the State of Rio de Janeiro is responsible for the expansion of the metro network through Rio Trilhos; however, the operation and maintenance of the system was contracted out to Metrô Rio in 1998 with a 20 year lease.[13] In late December 2007, the lease was renewed until 2038 and Metrô Rio assumed responsibility for the construction of Cidade Nova Station, interlining Lines 1 and 2, the purchase of 114 cars and the construction of Uruguai Station, extending Line 1 further north.[14] In 2021, Mubadala acquired majority control of Metrô Rio.[15] In 2025, the lease was further extended to 2048 in exchange for Metrô Rio finishing the construction of Gávea Station.[16]

History

In the middle of the 20th century, Rio de Janeiro was the largest city in Brazil and was quickly growing, in large part due to urban industrialization and the migration of rural workers from the Northeast.[19] At the same time, with the explosive growth of the Brazilian car industry, the amount of motor vehicles on the streets was quickly overwhelming the city, then reliant on its streetcar,[20] bus and suburban rail networks. By the early 1960s, traffic jams, pollution, and overcrowded public transport had become serious problems in the city, which were made worse by the dismantling of the streetcar network in 1964. To overcome these problems, the local government decided to build a metro network.[21]

On 14 December 1968, the Companhia do Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro (Metro Company of Rio de Janeiro) was created through State Law number 1736.[22] On 23 June 1970, construction work started in Praça Paris using the cut-and-cover method. The Rio de Janeiro Metro began operating on 5 March 1979. In the beginning, there were only five stations, all on Line 1: Praça Onze, Central, Presidente Vargas, Cinelândia, and Glória, operating from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In its initial 10 days, the system transported more than half a million people, averaging sixty thousand passengers per day. At that time, the subway worked with only four trains of four cars each, with an average interval of eight minutes. In December of the same year, the operating schedule was extended until 11:00 PM, including Saturdays. In 1980, the metro system began to be expanded with the opening of Uruguaiana and Estácio stations. The two new stations caused larger passenger demand, compelling an increase in the number of trains from four to six. Carioca Station in the city centre was finished in January 1981. By the end of the same year, Catete, Largo do Machado, Morro Azul (now called Flamengo), and Botafogo stations were completed. In 1982, the metro was extended to Tijuca, with the openings of Afonso Pena, São Francisco Xavier and Saens Peña stations.[6][23]

Line 2 opened from Estácio to Maracanã via São Cristóvão in 1981, and initially used the same rolling stock as Line 1, but, due to a shortage of this rolling stock, started instead using modified light rail vehicles that had been ordered for the planned pre-metro system in 1982. Line 2 was extended from Maracanã to Maria da Graça in 1983; at the same time, the at-grade pre-metro was opened from Maria da Graça to Irajá along an abandoned railway alignment via Del Castilho and Inhaúma. By 1984, Line 2 used 5 trains and ran every 5.5 minutes. A burst pipeline in 1985 led to the closure of the pre-metro line; it was partially rebuilt as fully grade-separated metro and re-opened in 1987 as an extension of Line 2, with trains running from Estácio to Inhaúma. In 1988, Triagem Station opened. Engenho da Rainha Station opened in 1991 and was followed by Thomaz Coelho Station and Vicente de Carvalho Station, both of which opened in 1996.[24] By this point, Line 2 used 9 trains and ran every 6 minutes.[6][12]

Since 1997, the metro has operated 24/7 during Carnaval. In December of that year, the management and operation of the system was privatized, with the Opportrans Consortium presenting the winning bid for a 20 year lease under the Metrô Rio brand; expansion of the network and purchase of new rolling stock is still the responsibility of the state government through Rio Trilhos. In 1998, Line 1 was extended from Botafogo to Copacabana with the opening of Cardeal Arcoverde Station. The same year, Line 2 was extended from Vicente de Carvalho to Pavuna via Irajá, Colégio, Coelho Neto, Acari/Fazenda Botafogo and Engenheiro Rubens Paiva. Since 1999, the metro has sold tickets in advance for the Rio Réveillon, with passengers assigned a specific time window to pass through the ticket barriers.[6]

In 2002, Siqueira Campos Station in Copacabana was inaugurated.[25] In 2004, the metro started operating on Sundays.[6] Cantagalo Station beyond Siqueira Campos was due to be completed in March 2006, but owing to financial problems, the opening date was postponed to 15 December.[26] This was again postponed and the final opening took place in February 2007.[27] Estácio Station was briefly renamed Estácio/RioCidadeNova in 2007 as part of a partnership with a nearby convention centre.[28][29][30]

In late December 2007, Metro Rio renewed the concession, then defined as for another 20 years, to 2038. In exchange for this early renewal, Metro Rio would buy 19 new trains; Metro Rio would also build a new stretch of track between São Cristóvão and Central, which would be used to interline Line 2 and Line 1, as well as a new station on that section of track.[32] In March 2008, Del Castilho Station was renamed Nova América/Del Castilho as part of a partnership between Metrô Rio and the adjacent Nova América Shopping Mall.[33] It had been renamed back to Del Castilho by 2021. Ipanema/General Osório Station in Ipanema opened in December 2009,[34] and was renamed General Osório in 2013.[35][36] The connection between São Cristóvão and Central also opened in December 2009. The same month, Invepar bought control of Metro Rio from the Opportrans Consortium. Cidade Nova Station, located between São Cristóvão and Central, opened in November 2010.[37][38] From 2009 to 2023, Line 2 ran from Pavuna to Botafogo on weekdays and from Pavuna to Estácio on weekends and public holidays, which meant that Cidade Nova station was only open on weekdays.[39] Since 2023, Line 2 has run from Pavuna to Botafogo every day, with trains continuing on to General Osório during special events.[40][41]

19 new trains, built by CNR (which would merge into CRRC in 2015), arrived between August 2012 and March 2013.[42][43] These trains are able to carry up to 2240 people and have a top speed of 100 km/h (62 mph); they also have air conditioning units that allow the trains to operate in temperatures of up to 56 °C (133 °F).[8] In March 2014, Line 1 was extended further into Tijuca with the opening of Uruguai Station.[44] In 2016, Line 4 was completed between General Osório Station and Jardim Oceânico Station. This line had been legally conceded to the Rio Barra consortium, which was owned by Queiroz Galvão, Odebrecht and Carioca Engenharia, and had its rolling stock acquired by MetroBarra, which was owned by Invepar; Metrô Rio was responsible for operation and maintenance of the new line.[45] Line 4 originally opened on 1st August, 4 days before the start of the 2016 Olympic Games, but was restricted to Olympic and Paralymic ticket holders, athletes and media members until 19th September, the day after the Paralympic Games ended.[46][47] 15 more CRRC trains were used for Line 4, with a total of 34 such trains in the system.[8] In March 2017, Lines 1 and 4 were fully interlined, with all trains running from Uruguai to Jardim Oceânico.[48]

Gávea Station, which is located on a Line 4 spur between Antero de Quental and São Conrado, started construction in 2013, but construction was abandoned in 2015 due to an investigation from the Rio de Janeiro State Court of Accounts (TCE-RJ) into overpriced contracts. Nearby tunneling work continued until April 2016. By the time construction work was abandoned, there was a 35 m (115 ft) deep hole at the station site; this was flooded with 36 million litres (9.5 million US gallons; 7.9 million imperial gallons) of water in 2017 so as to minimize structural risk to the surrounding buildings, including PUC-RJ. The function of Gávea Station in the metro system would be as an interchange station between a deinterlined Line 1 and Line 4, with Line 1 running a circular route via Antero de Quental that will go under Tijuca Massif towards Uruguai, and Line 4 running from Barra da Tijuca to the city centre via São Conrado and Jardim Botânico.[49] In August 2025, work resumed on the station, with a shuttle between São Conrado and Gávea expected to open by July 2028.[48][50][51]

In November 2019, a state law officially changed the name of Uruguaiana Station to Uruguaiana-Engenheiro Fernando Mac Dowell after the then-recently deceased vice-mayor.[52] Metrô Rio ignored this law and would later go on to rename the station themselves.[53] In January 2021, Metrô Rio sold the naming rights to Botafogo Station, which was renamed Botafogo/Coca-Cola;[54][55] the name was reverted to Botafogo in November 2022.[56] In June 2022, a state law changed the name of Presidente Vargas Station to Saara/Presidente Vargas so as to promote the nearby Saara commercial district.[57] In August 2022, another 16 of the system's 41 stations were renamed after the neighbourhoods where they are located: Uruguai, Saens Peña, São Francisco Xavier, Afonso Pena, Central, Uruguaiana, Carioca, Cinelândia, Cardeal Arcoverde, Siqueira Campos, Cantagalo, General Osório, Nossa Senhora da Paz, Jardim de Alah, Antero de Quental and Jardim Oceânico were respectively renamed to Uruguai / Tijuca, Saens Peña / Tijuca, São Francisco Xavier / Tijuca, Afonso Pena / Tijuca, Central do Brasil / Centro, Uruguaiana / Centro, Carioca / Centro, Cinelândia / Centro, Cardeal Arcoverde / Copacabana, Siqueira Campos / Copacabana, Cantagalo / Copacabana, General Osório / Ipanema, Nossa Senhora da Paz / Ipanema, Jardim de Alah / Leblon, Antero de Quental / Leblon and Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca.[58][59]

In September 2021, Mubadala took over control over Metrô Rio from Invepar in exchange for Mubadala forgiving R$1.8 billion worth of debt owed by Invepar. In April 2025, the State Government signed a deal that extended Metrô Rio's concession until 2048 in exchange for Metrô Rio investing R$600 million into the construction of Gávea Station, with the State Government adding in another R$97 million. The agreement also provided for Metrô Rio to take over the Line 4 concession from the Rio Barra Consortium, which up until that point had been administratively separate despite being operated as an extension of Line 1.[45][48][15][16]

Network

MetrôRio
 Pavuna
Engenheiro Rubens Paiva
Acari/Fazenda Botafogo
Coelho Neto
Colégio
Irajá
Vicente de Carvalho
Thomaz Coelho
Engenho da Rainha
Inhaúma
Uruguai / Tijuca
Del Castilho
Saens Peña / Tijuca
Maria da Graça
São Francisco Xavier / Tijuca
Triagem
Afonso Pena / Tijuca
Maracanã
Estácio
São Cristóvão
Praça Onze
Cidade Nova
Central do Brasil / Centro
Saara / Presidente Vargas
Uruguaiana / Centro
Carioca / Centro
Cinelândia / Centro
Glória
Catete
Largo do Machado
Flamengo
Botafogo
Cardeal Arcoverde / Copacabana
Siqueira Campos / Copacabana
Cantagalo / Copacabana
General Osório / Ipanema
Nossa Senhora da Paz / Ipanema
Jardim de Alah / Leblon
Antero de Quental / Leblon
Gávea[a]
São Conrado
Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca

Line 1 • Line 2 • Line 4

  1. ^ Gávea Station is under construction and is expected to open by July 2028.

Summary

Though nominally separate lines, Line 1 and Line 4 are operated as a single line, with all trains running between Uruguai / Tijuca Station and Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca Station.[1][2] There is a short section of elevated track over the Joatinga Channel, close to Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca; the rest of the line, including all stations, are underground. Saens Peña / Tijuca has three tracks and two island platforms; two tracks are used for trains towards Uruguai / Tijuca and one track is used for trains towards Jardim Oceânico / Barra da Tijuca.[61] Estácio, Carioca / Centro, Botafogo and General Osório / Ipanema use the Spanish solution, including at the seldom-used terminating platforms at Estácio[62] and General Osório.[63] Uruguai / Tijuca, Central do Brasil / Centro, Cinelândia / Centro and São Conrado have island platforms. All other stations have side platforms, with up and down tracks divided by a low wall interspersed with thin pillars at stations. Every station has a mezzanine.[64][65][66]

During special events, some Line 2 trains continue from Botafogo to General Osório / Ipanema via Cardeal Arcoverde / Copacabana, Siqueira Campos / Copacabana and Cantagalo / Copacabana.[67][68]

The line is above-ground from Pavuna to Cidade Nova and underground from Central do Brasil / Centro to Botafogo. The section between Pavuna and Cidade Nova is mostly at-grade, with elevated sections through Colégio, Irajá and Triagem, and also between São Cristóvão and Cidade Nova. There is also a short section in a cutting and a bridge over the Acari River[69] between Engenheiro Rubens Paiva and Acari/Fazenda Botafogo, as well as short tunnels between Del Castilho and Maria da Graça and between Triagem and Maracanã.[70]

Maracanã has three tracks and two island platforms.[71] Pavuna, Carioca / Centro and Botafogo use the Spanish solution, as do the seldom-used platforms at Estácio and General Osório / Ipanema. Engenheiro Rubens Paiva, Acari/Fazenda Botafogo, Colégio, Irajá, Engenho da Rainha, Cidade Nova, Central do Brasil / Centro and Cinelândia / Centro have island platforms. All other stations have side platforms.[70][64]

Central, which is a major interchange point between both lines of the Metro, local bus and van lines, the Providência Cable Car, the Rio de Janeiro Light Rail and the suburban rail network,[72] is the busiest station on the network.[5]

Connections

Rolling stock

Série 1000 at General Osório / Ipanema
Série 2000 at General Osório / Ipanema
Série 4000 at Cidade Nova
Série 5000 at Antero de Quental / Leblon

The Série 1000 trains were originally built by Mafersa, Budd, Villares and Westinghouse from 1978[92] to 1984; although 210 cars had originally been ordered, a government budgetary crisis led to only 146 being delivered, enough for 24 6-car EMUs.[93][94] Each car has three 1,870 mm (74 in) wide doors per side.[95] Because of the Série 1000, the Rio de Janeiro Metro became the second metro system in the world to have only air-conditioned trains when it opened in 1979.[96] A modified version of the Série 1000 known as the Série 2000 was produced by Mafersa and Alstom and handed over in 1998;[97][98] this included 36 cars, or enough for 6 6-car EMUs. 19 Série 4000 trains were produced by China CNR and handed over from 2012 to 2013,[42] with a further 15 Série 5000 trains handed over by CRRC in 2016;[8] together, these include 204 cars, or enough for 34 6-car EMUs.[99][100][101] Therefore, the system has a total of 64 trains.

Every train is built out of stainless steel and has air-conditioning.[92][97][102][103] Passenger trains always use six cars, but Line 2 was originally planned to use eight cars.[104] The Série 1000 can carry 1726 passengers assuming 6 standing passengers per m², or 2210 passengers assuming 8 standing passengers per m²; The Série 2000 can carry 1732 passengers assuming 6 standing passengers per m², or 2226 passengers assuming 8 standing passengers per m²; The Série 4000 and 5000 can carry up to 2240 passengers.[105][8]

Inside each coach, seat arrangement is both parallel and perpendicular to the windows. When the left side has parallel seats, the right side has perpendicular seats, and vice versa. Each vertical seat has a handle for easier standing. There are vertical stanchions from ceiling to floor for standing passengers, one set in front of the horizontal seats, another set at the middle of the coach.[105]

Since part of Line 2 was formerly a premetro line, it used to use Série 3000 stock, which consisted of modified light rail trains with high doors that had been built by La Brugeoise et Nivelles and Cobrasma. Although these trains were initially built without air-conditioning, they were retrofitted for the re-opening of Line 2 in 1987. By the same year, 31 of these trains were in service. The Série 3000 was also used on the Campinas Light Rail. Each train ran in a two-car configuration with 16 total doors and could carry 436 passengers. This rolling stock was removed from service in 2004 and the trains were left abandoned in Cidade Nova until 2020, when most of them were sold for scrap.[12][106][107]

Fare structure

As of January 2026, Rio de Janeiro Metro tickets cost R$7.90, making them the most expensive single-use metro tickets in Brazil. The price is expected to increase to R$8.20 in April 2026.[108] The fare does not change based on distance or time. All stations have ticket barriers, at which at the following are accepted as of January 2026:[109]

  • Single (Unitário) tickets can be bought from manned ticket counters at each station.[109]
  • Giro is a fare card issued by Metrô Rio. It can be purchased for R$4 plus a R$7.90 minimum charge and recharged both at stations and through an app.[109]

Expansion

Gávea Station is under construction. It will initially have a shuttle service to São Conrado, but is planned to be an interchange station between a deinterlined Line 1 and Line 4.[49][48]

The Rio de Janeiro State government has plans for further expansion of the metro system. As of 2017, the following lines are intended to be built or extended:[49]

In addition to these lines, the following lines and extensions were also considered by the state government: An extension of Line 3 from Alcântara to Itaboraí, an extension of the Araribóia-Maravista Line to Itaipuaçu, a new line from São Francisco to Alcântara parallel to the RJ-104 highway and a new line from Campo Grande to Duque de Caxias via Nova Iguaçu and Pavuna.[49]

In addition to these expansions, an infill station called Morro de São João has been partially constructed. It is located on Line 1 between Botafogo and Cardeal Arcoverde / Copacabana.[117]

Network map

  • The collection of narratives Entre Linhas: Histórias do Metrô e Trem do Rio de Janeiro (2023), by Sofia Neves, delves into the stories of anonymous passengers on the Rio de Janeiro subway.[121]
  • The Metro plays ambient music in stations. The composer of the music used by the metro is Zanna, who has three Latin Grammy nominations. Her voice is also used for in-train announcements.[122][123]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Forte, Jay (22 March 2017). "Rio's Metro Completes Connection of Line 4 and Line 1 in Ipanema". The Rio Times. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  2. ^ a b c "Agreement to complete Rio de Janeiro's unfinished Gávea metro interchange". Railway Gazette International. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "METRÔ RIO - Concessão Metroviára Do Rio De Janeiro S/A" [METRÔ RIO - Concession Metroviára Of Rio De Janeiro S/A] (PDF) (in Portuguese). MetrôRio. 31 December 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Temer participa de inauguração da Linha 4 do Metrô no Rio" [President Temer takes part in inauguration of Rio's metro's line four] (in Portuguese). G1 Portal. 30 July 2016. Archived from the original (url) on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "Total mensal de passageiros transportados no Metrô, segundo as estações e linhas, no Município do Rio de Janeiro entre 1998 e 2024" [Total monthly passenger numbers on the Metro, sorted by stations and lines, in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro between 1998 and 2024] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro City government. 25 April 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "History - How it all began". MetrôRio. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  7. ^ Barrow, Keith (25 May 2016). "Testing begins on Rio's Olympic metro line". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  8. ^ a b c d e Nan, Zhong; Mingtai, Liu (26 July 2016). "CRRC supplies trains for Rio Olympics". China Daily. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  9. ^ a b "EXTENSÕES DAS LINHAS EM KILÔMETROS" [LENGTH OF THE LINES IN KILOMETERS] (in Portuguese). MetrôRio. Archived from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  10. ^ "Maps". MetrôRio. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  11. ^ Transporte metroferroviário de passageiros [Passenger rail and metro transport] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Confederação Nacional do Transporte. 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  12. ^ a b c "Rio de Janeiro Light Rail #1 1982-1985". Electric Transport in Latin America. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  13. ^ "History: The Concession". Metrô Rio. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  14. ^ "MetrôRio". Invepar. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  15. ^ a b Góes, Francisco (11 August 2021). "Mubadala takes over control of Metrô Rio". Valor International. Retrieved 10 October 2025.
  16. ^ a b Alves, Raoni (10 June 2025). "Especialista vê viabilidade técnica no metrô até São Gonçalo, mas questiona prazo de 7 anos: 'Pouco realista'" [Specialist sees technical viability in metro to São Gonçalo, but questions 7 year deadline: "Unrealistic"] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
  17. ^ Lo-Bianco, Alessandro (6 December 2014). "Estação Gávea do metrô, a 55m abaixo do nível da rua, terá 4 elevadores e 8 escadas rolantes" [Gávea metro station, which is 55 metres below street level, will have 4 elevators and 8 escalators] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 12 February 2026.
  18. ^ "Idoso cava túnel de 40 metros na própria casa e morre ao cair dentro" [Old man digs 40 metre tunnel under own house and dies after falling in] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Exame. 6 January 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2026.
  19. ^ Franco da Silva, Carlos Alberto (2019). A modernização distópica do território brasileiro [The dystopian modernization of the Brazilian territory] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Consequência. pp. 110–111.
  20. ^ Morrison, Allen (26 March 2017). "RIO DE JANEIRO - 75 Photographs of Tramway History - Part 3 (of 3): 1910-1967". Electric Tramways in Latin America. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
  21. ^ Guedes, Eliane (2014). "Capítulo 4 - Como se desloca a população metropolitana". O Metrô do Rio de Janeiro: interesses, valores e técnica em projetos estruturais de desenvolvimento urbano [The Rio de Janeiro Metro: Interests, values and technical knowledge in structural urban development projects] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Letra Capital. pp. 126–161. Retrieved 24 October 2025.
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  25. ^ "Siqueira Campos". Metrô Rio. Retrieved 25 December 2025.
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  28. ^ "Venue". UFMG. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  29. ^ "Bicicletas & Metrô" [Bicycles & Metro] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Metrô Rio. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  30. ^ "Curiosidades" [Curiosities] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  31. ^ "Concessionária anuncia fim do metrô de superfície; seis novas linhas passam a fazer transporte de passageiros" [Concessionaire announces end of Metrô na Superfície; six new bus lines replace it] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2026.
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  33. ^ Pinheiro de Azevedo, Renata (June 2010). Avaliação da Interação Entre Empreendimentos Comerciais e de Transporte: O Metrô do Rio e o Shopping Nova América [Evaluation of the Interaction between Commercial and Transportation Businesses: The Rio Metro and the Nova América Shopping Mall] (PDF) (Master's thesis) (in Brazilian Portuguese). COPPE. p. 49. Retrieved 30 December 2025.
  34. ^ "Metrô de Ipanema será inaugurado nesta segunda, com presença de Lula" [Ipanema Metro will be inaugurated this Monday, with the presence of Lula] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  35. ^ "Boletim de Notícias do Centro de Operações Rio" [Rio Operations Center News Bulletin] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro City Government. 28 March 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  36. ^ Mendonça, Alba Valéria (14 December 2013). "Estação do metrô em Ipanema, no Rio, reabre com nova cobertura" [Metro station in Ipanema, in Rio, reopens with new entrance] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  37. ^ "Metrô Rio inaugura a estação Cidade Nova" [Metro Rio inaugurates Cidade Nova station]. R7 (in Portuguese). 1 November 2010. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  38. ^ "Demonstrações Financeiras 2013" [2013 Financial Demonstration] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Metrô Rio. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  39. ^ "Metrô cobrará embarque na estação Cidade Nova a partir de segunda" [Metro will charge to board at Cidade Nova from Monday onwards] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 19 November 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  40. ^ Barboza, Júlio (15 December 2023). "MetrôRio inicia Operação Verão neste fim de semana (16 e 17/12)" [MetrôRio starts Operation Summer this weekend (16/12 and 17/12)] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Ônibus e Transporte. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  41. ^ Alves, Altair (15 December 2023). "Metrô: Passageiros poderão ir direto da Pavuna para Zona Sul do Rio sem transferência no Estácio" [Metro: Passengers will be able to go directly from Pavuna to the South Zone of Rio without transferring at Estácio] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário do Rio. Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  42. ^ a b "Crea-RJ não encontra irregularidades em vistoria feita na Linha 1 no Metrô Rio" [Crea-RJ doesn´t find irregularities during inspection made on Rio Metro Line 1] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. 23 August 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  43. ^ Lobo, Caio (19 March 2013). "MetrôRio: novos trens não aliviam o sufoco do carioca" [MetroRio: new trains don´t alleviate the suffering of the cariocas] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Via Trólebus. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  44. ^ Hearst, Chesney (17 March 2014). "New Tijuca Metro Station Opened in Rio". The Rio Times. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
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  46. ^ Wade, Stephen (15 May 2016). "Metro line to open 4 days before Rio Olympics". AP News. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  47. ^ Franco, Luiza; Vettorazzo, Lucas (19 September 2016). "Após Jogos, linha do Metrô do Rio abre sem integração de tarifas com BRT" [After Games, Rio Metro line opens without fare integration with BRT] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Folha de São Paulo. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  48. ^ a b c d "Agreement to complete Rio de Janeiro's unfinished Gávea metro interchange". Railway Gazette International. 12 November 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  49. ^ a b c d Gaspar, Tamara; Gonzalez, Álvaro (December 2017). Plano Diretor Metroviário: Relatório Técnico 3: Plano de Implantação [Metro Master Plan: Technical Report 3: Implementation Plan] (PDF) (Report) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio Trilhos. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  50. ^ Callegari, Carolina (11 April 2025). "Metrô do Rio: novela da estação da Gávea se arrastou por 10 anos; relembre" [Rio Metro: Gávea station soap opera dragged on for 10 years] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  51. ^ Magalhães, Luiz Ernesto; Schmidt, Selma (12 December 2025). "Metrô da Gávea: veja os próximos passos na obra da estação após a retirada da água" [Gávea metro: see the next steps in the station's construction after the removal of water] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
  52. ^ Gomes Freire, Quintino (1 November 2019). "Fernando Mac Dowell, vice de Crivella, é homenageado com nome em estação do metrô" [Fernando Mac Dowell, Crivella's vice-mayor, is honoured with his name on a metro station] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário do Rio. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  53. ^ "Uruguaiana / Centro". Metrô Rio. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  54. ^ "Metrô Rio vende 'naming rights' e estação de Botafogo troca de nome" [Metro Rio sells 'naming rights' and Botafogo station changes name] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rádio Tupi. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  55. ^ "Em crise, Metrô Rio vende nome de estação, que vira Botafogo/Coca-Cola" [In crisis, Metro Rio sells station name, which becomes Botafogo/Coca-Cola] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 7 January 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  56. ^ "Estação do Metrô Botafogo não usa mais "naming rights" Coca Cola" [Botafogo Metro Station no longer uses Coca Cola "naming rights"] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Agenda Bafafá. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  57. ^ "Estação do metrô Presidente Vargas, no Centro do Rio, passa a se chamar Saara-Presidente Vargas" [Presidente Vargas metro station, in the city centre of Rio, is now called Saara-Presidente Vargas] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  58. ^ "Metro stations in Rio de Janeiro are named after neighborhoods to facilitate the location of passengers". ANPTrilhos. 30 September 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  59. ^ "Estações do metrô no Rio receberão complemento com nomes dos bairros onde estão localizadas" [Metro stations in Rio will be renamed with the names of the neighbourhoods where they're located] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2025.
  60. ^ "Total mensal de passageiros transportados no Metrô, segundo as estações e linhas, no Município do Rio de Janeiro entre 1998 e 2021" [Monthly total of passengers transported by the Metro, according to stations and lines, in the Rio de Janeiro city between 1998 and 2021]. Data.rio (in Brazilian Portuguese). 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
  61. ^ Conhecendo a linha 1 do metrô do Rio de Janeiro (Parte 1) [Getting to know Line 1 of the Rio de Janeiro Metro (Part 1)]. FC. 15 November 2025. Event occurs at 32:00. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  62. ^ Metrô Rio / Rio de Janeiro Metro video 2: Linha 1, Linha 2 & Linha 4. Nícolas Gordiano. 30 December 2018. Event occurs at 9:14-9:40. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  63. ^ "[Linha 1] Estação Ipanema/General Osório - Foto 7" [[Line 1] Ipanema/General Osório Station - Photo 7]. 26 December 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
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  65. ^ MetrôRio - Uruguai x Jardim Oceânico (Viagem completa na linha 1/4) [MetroRio - Uruguai x Jardim Oceânico (Complete trip on Line 1/4)]. FC. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  66. ^ "Rio Metrô Gallery". urbanrail.net. 2015–2016. Retrieved 2 January 2026.
  67. ^ "Como funciona o metrô no carnaval do Rio?" [How will the metro work during the Rio carnaval?] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 3 January 2026.
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  69. ^ "Bridge over the Acari River" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 3 January 2026.
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  71. ^ "[Linha 2] Estação Maracanã - Foto 22" [[Line 2] Maracanã Station - Photo 22]. 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2026.
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  75. ^ "428L Route: Schedules, Stops & Maps - Bonsucesso (Updated)". Moovit. Retrieved 4 January 2026.
  76. ^ "104 Route: Schedules, Stops & Maps - São Conrado (Updated)". Moovit. Retrieved 4 January 2026.
  77. ^ "302 Route: Schedules, Stops & Maps". Moovit. Retrieved 4 January 2026.
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  80. ^ "Thomaz Coelho on the metro is a 10 minute walk from Tomás Coelho on the suburban rail" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  81. ^ "Del Castilho metro station is a 5 minute walk away from Del Castilho suburban rail station" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  82. ^ "Carioca metro station is next to Colombo light rail station" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  83. ^ "Presidente Vargas metro station is a 3 minute walk away from Camerino/Rosas Negras light rail station" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  84. ^ "Uruguaiana metro station is a 5 minute walk away from Candelária light rail station" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  85. ^ "Acari/Fazenda Botafogo metro station is a 10 minute walk away from Fazenda Botafogo BRT station" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  86. ^ "Carioca is a 10 minute walk away from Praça XV" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
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  88. ^ "Santa Teresa Tram". Riotur. Retrieved 4 January 2026.
  89. ^ "outeiro da glória" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio Cidade Maravilhosa. Retrieved 5 January 2026.
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  91. ^ "Governo do Rio planeja criar monotrilho nas encostas" [Government of Rio plans to create monorail on steep slopes] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Exame. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2026.
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  94. ^ "Estado vai discutir empréstimo" [State will discuss loan] (in Brazilian Portuguese) (291 ed.). Jornal do Brasil. 26 January 1984. p. 5. Retrieved 6 January 2026 – via Biblioteca Nacional Digital.
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  96. ^ "Adequação do sistema de extração de fumaça com foco na configuração dos trens CRC do MetrôRio" [Improvement of the smoke extraction system focusing on the configuration of the MetrôRio CRRC trains] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). AEMESP (Association of Metro Architects and Engineers). 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  97. ^ a b Couri, Norma (14 March 1997). "Metrô vai receber 270 vagões" [Metro will receive 270 cars] (in Brazilian Portuguese) (340 ed.). Jornal do Brasil. p. 25. Retrieved 6 January 2026 – via Biblioteca Nacional Digital.
  98. ^ "Metrôs encomendam carros à Alstom" [Metros order cars from Alstom] (in Brazilian Portuguese) (292 ed.). Jornal do Commercio. 18 September 1998. p. 11. Retrieved 6 January 2026 – via Biblioteca Nacional Digital.
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  100. ^ "Frota de TUEs é 2,97% maior que ano passado" [EMU fleet is 2.97% larger than last year] (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Revista Ferroviária. 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
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  103. ^ "Segundo maior do país, metrô do Rio chega aos 40 anos; conheça a história" [Second largest in the country, Rio metro turns 40; know the history] (in Brazilian Portuguese). ANPTrilhos. 2 April 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  104. ^ "The expansion of Metro Line 2 is necessary and mentioned in a study, but remains on paper". Trilhos do Rio. 11 August 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  105. ^ a b Relatório Final - Estudos de Demanda - Linha 4 do Metrô do Rio de Janeiro [Final report - Demand studies - Line 4 of the Rio de Janeiro Metro] (PDF) (Report) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Fundação Getúlio Vargas. 2011. pp. 120–121. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  106. ^ Frederico, Tiago (25 June 2016). "Trens do pré-metrô 'repousam' no Centro" [Pre-metro trains "rest" in the city centre] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Dia. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  107. ^ Lobo, Renato (1 November 2020). "MetrôRio leiloa VLTs que foram usados em "pré-metrô"" [MetrôRio sells off LRTs that were used in "pre-metro"] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Via Trólebus. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  108. ^ Bohnenberger, Pedro; Resende, Leandro (10 January 2026). "Mais caro do país: tarifa do metrô do Rio chegará a R$ 8,20 em 2026" [Most expensive in the country: Rio metro ticket price will reach R$8.20 in 2026] (in Brazilian Portuguese). CBN. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
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  110. ^ "Metrô terá biometria facial contra fraudes no Bilhete Único Intermunicipal" [Metro will have facial biometric identification to combat Bilhete Único Intermunicipal fraud] (in Brazilian Portuguese). g1. 27 October 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  111. ^ "Bilhete Único Intermunicipal" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro State government. 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
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  113. ^ "View all recharge points". Jaé. 15 January 2026. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  114. ^ a b "Jaé - Digital Ticketing System". Jaé. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  115. ^ "Free Pass". Metrô Rio. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
  116. ^ "Vale Social" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro State government. Retrieved 17 January 2026.
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  118. ^ "Linha 3 do metrô: obras devem começar em janeiro de 2013" [Line 3 of the metro: Construction should start in January 2013] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  119. ^ "Work set to begin on Rio de Janeiro Line 3". Metro Report. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  120. ^ "Rio City Hall begins the new operation of the BRT Transbrasil and Avenida Brasil on Saturday". Rio de Janeiro City government. 28 March 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  121. ^ https://www.amazon.com.br/Entre-Linhas-Hist%C3%B3rias-Metr%C3%B4-Janeiro-ebook/dp/B0C9DZWXJ5
  122. ^ Rodrigues, Thayná (17 August 2025). "Nos trilhos do sucesso: música do MetrôRio ganha letra inspirada na história dos cariocas e passageiros" [On track for success: MetrôRio song gets lyrics inspired by the stories of Cariocas and passengers] (in Brazilian Portuguese). O Globo. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  123. ^ "Rio Metro: From Sonic Identity to the Song That Moves a Million Hearts". Zanna Sound. 20 August 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
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