Rhamnales
The Rhamnales, described by Belgian botanist Dumortier in 1829, is an order of dicotyledon plants in the subclass Rosidae.[1]
Circumscription
In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed in Rhamnales:[1][2]
- Family Elaeagnaceae – (oleaster family)
- Family Leeaceae
- Family Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family)
- Family Vitaceae (grape family)
In APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003), Rhamnales is recognized as one of the synonyms for order Rosales.[3][4]
Rhamnales is not recognized by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group since APG III system (2009). The families previously included here under the Cronquist system are included under the following orders:[5]
- Families Elaeagnaceae and Rhamnaceae are placed within Rosales
- Genus Leea, formerly recognized in its own family Leeaceae, is included within family Vitaceae, which is recognized in its own order, Vitales
References
- ^ a b "Rhamnales". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Archived from the original on 20 July 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
- ^ Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Order Rhamnales". The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998). "An Ordinal Classification for the Families of Flowering Plants". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (4): 531–553. doi:10.2307/2992015 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (28 March 2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 141 (4): 399–436. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x – via Oxford Academic.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Further reading
- Lindley, John (1836). "Alliance III Rhamnales". A Systematic View of the Organisation, Natural Affinities, and Geographical Distribution, of the Whole Vegetable Kingdom; Together With the Uses of the Most Important Species in Medicine, the Arts, and Rural or Domestic Economy. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman. Retrieved 2008-06-11.