Pseudotrapelus
| Pseudotrapelus | |
|---|---|
| Pseudotrapelus sinaitus, Sinai agama | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Subfamily: | Agaminae |
| Genus: | Pseudotrapelus Fitzinger, 1843 |
| Species | |
|
6, see text | |
Pseudotrapelus is a genus of agamid lizards native to North Africa and southwest Asia. They are a medium-sized, rock-dwelling species that inhabit arid environments.
Habitat
They live in arid environments living near rocks making them saxicolous. However they do inhabit a variety of hilly and mountainous regions, including well vegetated [wadi]]s and slopes, barren rocky hillsides, and boulder-strewn plains. They are dinural, with most of their activity occurring during the hottest time of day, making them heliophilous.[1][2]
It is considered to be a widely distributed genus ranging across North Africa, Eastern Africa and southwestern Asia, specifically in the Arabian and Indian peninsulas. Within the Arabian peninsula, they are restricted by the hilly and mountainous areas that surround the peninsula and the Red Sea.[1][3]
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of this genus has been made difficult due to the conservative and homogeneous morphology of its members. Many have followed a conservative approach in treating most variations as a single species (an example of this is Pseudotrapelus sinaitus). Studies by Tamer et al. in 2016 and 2019 provided much needed information on the genus phylogeny, and revealed a hidden diversity of species, including an unnamed lineage from central Saudi Arabia that are phylogenetically close to Pseudotrapelus sinaitus and Pseudotrapelus chlodnickii.[3]
Phylogenetic analysis reveals two major clades within Pseudotrapelus (clade l and clade ll). In the first clade there are three species (P. chlodnickii, P. tuwaiqensos and P. sinaitus). P. tuwaiqensos and P. sinaitus are sister species, with P. chlodnickii being the out group. In the second clade there are four species (P. jensvinsumi, P. aqabensis, P. dhofarensis and P. neumanni). P. jensvindumi and P. dhofarensis are sister species, with P. aquabensis and P. neumanni being sister species to each other.[3]
The genus began to speciate during the Oligocene and late Miocene epochs, when regions near the Red Sea started to experienced major environmental changes. These changes included the movement of tectonic plates, geologic activity and a shift in climatic conditions to aridity.
Species
Listed alphabetically by specific name.[5]
| Male | Female | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudotrapelus aqabensis Melnikov, Nazarov, Ananjeva, & Disi, 2012 | Aqaba agama | Jordan, Egypt (Sinai), Israel, and Saudi Arabia | ||
| Pseudotrapelus chlodnickii Melnikov, Smielowski, Melnikova, Nazarov & Ananjeva, 2015 | Sudan, Egypt (including the western Sinai Peninsula) and Libya | |||
| Pseudotrapelus dhofarensis Melnikov & Pierson, 2012 | central and southern Oman and possibly in the Hadhramaut area in south-eastern Yemen | |||
| Pseudotrapelus jensvindumi Melnikov, Ananjeva, & Papenfuss, 2013 | Al Hajar Mountains in northern Oman and the United Arab Emirates | |||
| Pseudotrapelus neumanni (Tornier, 1905) | Neumann's agama | Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia | ||
| Pseudotrapelus sinaitus (Heyden, 1827) | Sinai agama | Jordan, Syria and the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt). | ||
| Pseudotrapelus tuwaiqensis (Tamar, 2023) | Tuwaiq agama | Saudi Arabia |
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Pseudotrapelus.
References
- ^ a b Tamar, Karin; Scholz, Sebastian; Crochet, Pierre-André; Geniez, Philippe; Meiri, Shai; Schmitz, Andreas; Wilms, Thomas; Carranza, Salvador (2016-04-01). "Evolution around the Red Sea: Systematics and biogeography of the agamid genus Pseudotrapelus (Squamata: Agamidae) from North Africa and Arabia". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 97: 55–68. Bibcode:2016MolPE..97...55T. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.12.021. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26772670.
- ^ Tamar, Karin; Chirio, Laurent; Shobrak, Mohammed; Busais, Salem; Carranza, Salvador (2019-11-01). "Using multilocus approach to uncover cryptic diversity within Pseudotrapelus lizards from Saudi Arabia". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 26 (7): 1442–1449. Bibcode:2019SJBS...26.1442T. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.006. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 6864301. PMID 31762607.
- ^ a b c Tamar, Karin; Uvizl, Marek; Shobrak, Mohammed; Almutairi, Mohammed; Busais, Salem; Salim, Al Faqih Ali; AlGethami, Raed Hamoud M.; AlGethami, Abdulaziz Raqi; Alanazi, Abdulkarim Saleh K.; Alsubaie, Saad Dasman; Chirio, Laurent; Carranza, Salvador; Šmíd, Jiří (2023-11-14). "A new species of Pseudotrapelus (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from Central Arabia". Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 1033–1045. doi:10.3897/vz.73.e110626. hdl:10261/348215. ISSN 2625-8498.
- ^ Tamer et al. 2023
- ^ Pseudotrapelus, The Reptile Database.
Further reading
- Fitzinger, L. (1843). Systema Reptilium, Fasciculus Primus, Amblyglossae. Vienna: Braumüller & Seidel. 106 pp. + indices. (Acanthocercus, new genus, p. 84). (in Latin).
External links
- Myers, P.; Espinosa, R.; Parr, C.S.; Jones, T.; Hammond, G.S. & Dewey, T.A. (2008): Animal Diversity Web - Genus Acanthocercus. Retrieved 2008-MAR-20.