Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War
Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent nation states that were not aligned with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.[1]
The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.
Western periphery
- Finland (independence from 1917)
- United Baltic Duchy
- Baltic State (Lasted from April to September 1918)
- Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
- Estonia (independence from 1918)
- Latvia (independence from 1918)
- Lithuania (independence from 1918)
- Poland (independence from 1918)
- Soviet Republic of Naissaar
- West Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919/1923; annexed by Poland in 1919)[pro-West]
- Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1917–1921; partitioned between Poland and the Ukrainian SSR)[pro-East]
- Ukrainian State
- Komancza (Eastern Lemko Republic)[pro-Ukrainian]
- Hutsul
- Kholodny Yar Republic
- Mliivska Republic
- Republic of the Black Forest
- Medvyn Rebellion
- Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
- Odessa Soviet Republic
- Bashtanka Republic
- Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
- Ukrainian Soviet Republic
- Belarusian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919; partitioned between Poland and the Belarusian SSR)
- Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
- Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
- Koydan Independent Republic
- Crimea (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1921)
- Moldavian Democratic Republic (united with Romania in 1918)
- Lemko Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by Poland in 1920)[pro-Russian]
- Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (independence 1920; liquidated in 1920)[puppet state]
European Russia
- East European Russia
- Bashkiria (autonomy and de facto independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
- Chuvashia (Independence 1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
- Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
- Provisional Regional Government of the Urals (independence 1918; annexed by the Provisional All-Russian Government )
- North European Russia
- South European Russia
- Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)
- Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
- Don Republic (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Eastern periphery
- Siberian regionalism
- Buryat-Mongolia
- Balagad state
- Confederated Republic of Altai
- Yakutia
- Green Ukraine
- Tungus Republic
- Far Eastern Republic (nominally independent 1920–1922; merged with the RSFSR)
Caucasus
- Transcaucasia
- Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
- Armenia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Armenian SSR)
- Georgia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Georgian SSR)
- Republic of Batumi
- Kars Republic[Pro-Turkish]
- Caucasian Emirate
- Mughan
- Baku Commune
- Centrocaspian Dictatorship
- United Republics (independence 1917–1922; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Central Asia
- Basmachi
- Alash Autonomy
- Khiva
- Emirate of Bukhara
- Turkestan Autonomy
- Ukrainian national movement on Gray Klyn (1917-1921)
- Transcaspian Government
- Semirechye Cossacks