Vipera seoanei

Vipera seoanei
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Viperidae
Genus: Vipera
Species:
V. seoanei
Binomial name
Vipera seoanei
Lataste, 1879
Distribution of Vipera seoanei.
Synonyms[2]
  • Vipera berus seoanei
    Lataste, 1879
  • [Pelias] seoanei
    A.F. Reuss, 1927
  • Vipera seoanei
    Saint-Girons & Duguy, 1976
  • Vipera seoanei seoanei
    Braña & Bas, 1983
  • Vipera (Vipera) seoanei
    Obst, 1983
  • Vipera seoannei
    Bon, 1987
    (ex errore)
  • V[ipera]. seoanei latastei
    — González, 1991
    (ex errore?)
Common names: Baskian viper,[3] Iberian cross adder,[4] Portuguese viper,[5][6] Seoane's viper.[1]

Vipera seoanei is a venomous viper species native to extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal.[1][2] Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominate race described here.[5]

Etymology

The specific name, seoanei, is in honor of Spanish naturalist Víctor López Seoane y Pardo-Montenegro.[5][7][8]

Description

Adults of Vipera seoanei may grow to a total length (tail included) of 75 cm (30 in), but usually less.[3]

This is a highly polymorphic species for which four main color-pattern types have been described:[3]

A: well-developed, brown zigzig pattern down the back, very much like V. berus, set against a beige or light-gray ground color.

B: roughly twin-striped pattern, with the ground color expressed as two narrow, straight, dorsolateral longitudinal lines along the body. Resembles V. kaznakovi to some degree.

C: uniform brownish morph with no pattern.

D: fragmented zigzag pattern (see V. s. cantabrica).

Geographic distribution

Vipera seoanei is found in extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal.

The type locality is given as "In montibus Gallaecorum et Cantabrorum...d'Espagne" (the mountains of Galicia and Cantabrici, Spain).

Mertens and Müller (1928) suggested restricting the type locality to "Cabañas, Prov. Caruña, Spanien". According to Golay et al. (1993), this is Cabañas, near Ferrol, A Coruña province, northwestern Spain.[2]

Conservation status

This species, Vipera seoanei, is classified as Near Threatened (NT) according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v3.1, 2024).[1] It was given this status due to its being subject to direct mortality primarily from persecution, but secondarily and significantly from roadkill. Year assessed: 2022.[9]

It is, however, listed as a protected species (Appendix III) under the Berne Convention.[10]

Subspecies

Species[5] Taxon author[5] Geographic range[3]
V. s. cantabrica Braña & Bas, 1983 The Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain.
V. s. seoanei Lataste, 1879 Extreme southwestern France and the northern regions of Spain and Portugal.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Lucchini, N.; Freitas, I.; Avella, I.; Martínez-Freiría, F. (2024). "Vipera seoanei ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T61594A137859941. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-1.RLTS.T61594A137859941.en. Retrieved 23 February 2026.
  2. ^ a b c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  3. ^ a b c d Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  4. ^ Steward JW (1971). The Snakes of Europe. Cranbury, New Jersey: Associated University Press (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press). 238 pp. LCCCN 77-163307. ISBN 0-8386-1023-4.
  5. ^ a b c d e Vipera seoanei at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 27 October 2020.
  6. ^ Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
  7. ^ Lescure, Jean; Le Garff, Bernard (2006). L'étymologie des noms d'amphibiens et de reptiles d'Europe. Paris: Éditions Belin. 207 pp. ISBN 2-7011-4142-7. (in French).
  8. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Vipera seoanei, p. 241).
  9. ^ 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1) at the IUCN Red List. Accessed 2 September 2007.
  10. ^ Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Appendix III Archived 2015-09-04 at the Wayback Machine at Council of Europe Archived 2015-09-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 9 October 2006.

Further reading

  • Braña, F.; Bas, S. (1983). "Vipera seoanei cantabrica ssp. nov.". Munibe, Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, San Sebastián. 35 (1–2): 87–88. (Vipera seoanei cantabrica, new subspecies). (in Spanish).
  • Golay P, Smith HM, Broadley DG, Dixon JR, McCarthy CJ, Rage J-C, Schätti B, Toriba M (1993). Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World: A Checklist. Geneva: Azemiops. 478 pp.
  • Lataste F (1879). "Diagnose d'une vipère nouvelle d'Espagne". Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France 4: 132. (Vipera berus seoanei, new subspecies). (in Latin and French).
  • Mertens R, Müller L (1928). "Liste der amphibien und reptilen Europes ". Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 45: 1–62. (in German).