List of prime ministers of Portugal
- Top left: Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela was the first prime minister to be referred as such.
- Top right: António de Oliveira Salazar was the longest serving head of government.
- Bottom left: Aníbal Cavaco Silva was the longest serving prime minister in democracy.
- Bottom right: Luís Montenegro is the incumbent prime minister.
| Constitution |
|---|
The prime minister of the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa) is the head of the Government of Portugal. The officeholder coordinates the actions of all ministers, represents the Government as a whole, reports their actions and is accountable to the Assembly of the Republic, in addition to keeping the president of the Republic informed.
There is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by the president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a plurality of votes in the elections to be named prime minister.
The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to São Bento Palace, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in the palace during their full mandate.
History
The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the Mayor of the Palace (Portuguese Mordomo-Mor), on the Chancellor (Chanceler-Mor), on the king's private secretary (Escrivão da Puridade) and on the secretary of state (Secretário de Estado).
In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino) occupying a prominent position over the others.
Since the Liberal Revolution of 1820, liberalism and parliamentarism were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (Ministro Assistante ao Despacho), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente do Conselho de Ministros) was created. The presidents of the council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress.
With the advent of the Republic in the 5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (Presidente do Ministério). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.
With the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the Estado Novo quasi-fascist dictatorial regime of António de Oliveira Salazar, the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.
With the Carnation Revolution came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council.
Prime ministers
The official counting of prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. The first column shows the name (and title during the monarchy) of each office holder, with the second and third colum showing the start and end of term. A forth column counts the duration of each term. The next column shows each election won by each Prime Minister, followed by the color and political affiliation of the holder. Then, there's a column listing each constitutional governments headed by each Prime Minister, and finally, a last column showing the head of state during the term of each office holder, between 1834 and 1910, a Monarch, and since 1910, a President.[1]
The colors indicate the political affiliation:
No party/independent
Chartist/Chamorro
Septemberist
Regenerator
Historic
Reformist
Progressist
Liberal Regenerator
Republican
Democratic
National Republican
Republican Liberal
Reconstitution
Nationalist Republican
Democratic Leftwing Republican
National Union/People's National Action
Democratic Renewal Party
Socialist
Social Democratic
Democratic and Social Centre
Interim holder
Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)
| Portrait | Prime minister (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Election | Party | Government | Monarch (Reign)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | |||||||
| Duke of Palmela Pedro de Sousa Holstein (1781–1850) |
24 September 1834 |
4 May 1835 |
222 days | 1834 | Chartist/"Chamorro" | 1st Dev. | Maria II (1834–1853) and Fernando II (1837–1853) | ||
| Count of Linhares Vitório Maria de Sousa Coutinho (1790–1857) |
4 May 1835 |
27 May 1835 |
23 days | — | "Chamorro" | ||||
| Duke of Saldanha João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun (1790–1876) |
27 May 1835 |
18 November 1835 |
175 days | — | Independent | 2nd Dev. | |||
| José Jorge Loureiro (1791–1860) |
18 November 1835 |
20 April 1836 |
153 days | — | Independent | 3rd Dev. | |||
| Duke of Terceira António José Severim de Noronha (1792–1860) |
20 April 1836 |
10 September 1836 |
222 days | — | "Chamorro" | 4th Dev. | |||
| Jul.1836 | |||||||||
| Count of Lumiares José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa (1788–1849) |
10 September 1836 |
4 November 1836 |
55 days | — | Septemberist | 1st Set. | |||
| Marquis of Valença José Bernardino de Portugal e Castro (1780–1840) (did not take office) |
4 November 1836 |
5 November 1836 |
1 day | — | Independent | ||||
| Marquis of Sá da Bandeira Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo (1795–1876) |
5 November 1836 |
1 June 1837 |
208 days | — | Septemberist | 2nd Set. | |||
| Nov.1836 | |||||||||
| António Dias de Oliveira (1804–1863) |
1 June 1837 |
2 August 1837 |
62 days | — | Septemberist | 3rd Set. | |||
| Marquis of Sá da Bandeira Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo (1795–1876) |
2 August 1837 |
18 April 1839 |
1 year, 259 days | — | Septemberist | 2nd Set. | |||
| 1838 | |||||||||
| Baron of Ribeira de Sabrosa Rodrigo Pinto Pizarro (1788–1841) |
18 April 1839 |
26 November 1839 |
222 days | — | Septemberist | 5th Set. | |||
| Count of Bonfim José Travassos Valdez (1787–1862) |
26 November 1839 |
9 June 1841 |
1 year, 259 days | — | Septemberist | 6th Set. | |||
| 1840 | |||||||||
| Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884) |
9 June 1841 |
7 February 1842 |
243 days | — | Septemberist | 7th Set. | |||
| Duke of Palmela Pedro de Sousa Holstein (1781–1850) (2nd time) |
7 February 1842 |
9 February 1842 |
3 day2 | — | Independent | G.E. | |||
| Duke of Terceira António José Severim de Noronha (1792–1860) (2nd time) |
9 February 1842 |
20 May 1846 |
4 years, 100 days | — | Chartist | 1st R. Cart. | |||
| 1842 | |||||||||
| 1845 | |||||||||
| Duke of Palmela Pedro de Sousa Holstein (1781–1850) (3rd time) |
20 May 1846 |
6 October 1846 |
139 days | — | Chartist | 2nd R. Cart. | |||
| Duke of Saldanha João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun (1790–1876) (2nd time) |
6 October 1846 |
18 June 1849 |
2 years, 255 days | — | Chartist | 3rd R. Cart. | |||
| 1847 | |||||||||
| Marquis of Tomar António Bernardo da Costa Cabral (1803–1889) |
18 June 1849 |
26 April 1851 |
1 year, 312 days | — | Chartist | 4th R. Cart. | |||
| Duke of Terceira António José Severim de Noronha (1792–1860) (3rd time) |
26 April 1851 |
1 May 1851 |
5 days | — | Regenerator | 5th R. Cart. | |||
| Duke of Saldanha João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun (1790–1876) (3rd time) |
1 May 1851 |
6 June 1856 |
5 years, 36 days | — | Regenerator | 1st Reg. | |||
| 1851 | |||||||||
| 1852 | Pedro V (1853–1861) | ||||||||
| Duke of Loulé Nuno José de Moura Barreto (1804–1875) |
6 June 1856 |
16 March 1859 |
2 years, 283 days | — | Historic | 2nd Reg. | |||
| 1856 | |||||||||
| 1858 | |||||||||
| Duke of Terceira António José Severim de Noronha (1792–1860) (4th time) |
16 March 1859 |
1 May 1860 (died) |
1 year, 46 days | — | Regenerator | 3rd Reg. | |||
| 1860 | |||||||||
| Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884) (2nd time) |
1 May 1860 |
4 July 1860 |
65 days | — | Regenerator | ||||
| Duke of Loulé Nuno José de Moura Barreto (1804–1875) (2nd time) |
4 July 1860 |
17 April 1865 |
4 years, 287 days | — | Historic | 4th Reg. | |||
| 1861 | |||||||||
| 1864 | Luis I (1861–1889) | ||||||||
| Marquis of Sá da Bandeira Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo (1795–1876) (3rd time) |
17 April 1865 |
4 September 1865 |
140 days | — | Reformist | 5th Reg. | |||
| Joaquim António de Aguiar (1792–1884) (3rd time) |
4 September 1865 |
4 January 1868 |
2 years, 122 days | 1865 | Regenerator (with Historic) |
6th Reg. | |||
| 1867 | |||||||||
| Duke of Ávila and Bolama António José de Ávila (1807–1881) |
4 January 1868 |
22 July 1868 |
199 days | — | Independent (with Reformist) |
7th Reg. | |||
| Marquis of Sá da Bandeira Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo (1795–1876) (4th time) |
22 July 1868 |
11 August 1869 |
1 year, 20 days | 1868 | Reformist | 8th Reg. | |||
| Duke of Loulé Nuno José de Moura Barreto (1804–1875) (3rd time) |
11 August 1869 |
19 May 1870 |
282 days | 1869 | Historic (with Reformist) |
9th Reg. | |||
| Mar.1870 | |||||||||
| Duke of Saldanha João Carlos de Saldanha Oliveira e Daun (1790–1876) (4th time) |
19 May 1870 |
29 August 1870 |
102 days | — | Regenerator | 10th Reg. | |||
| Marquis of Sá da Bandeira Bernardo de Sá Nogueira de Figueiredo (1795–1876) (5th time) |
29 August 1870 |
29 October 1870 |
1 year, 20 days | — | Reformist | 11th Reg. | |||
| Sep.1870 | |||||||||
| Duke of Ávila and Bolama António José de Ávila (1807–1881) (2nd time) |
29 October 1870 |
13 September 1871 |
319 days | — | Reformist | 12th Reg. | |||
| 1871 | |||||||||
| Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887) |
13 September 1871 |
6 March 1877 |
5 years, 174 days | — | Regenerator | 13th Reg. | |||
| 1874 | |||||||||
| Duke of Ávila and Bolama António José de Ávila (1807–1881) (3rd time) |
6 March 1877 |
26 January 1878 |
326 days | — | Reformist | 14th Reg. | |||
| Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887) (2nd time) |
26 January 1878 |
29 May 1879 |
1 year, 123 days | — | Regenerator | 15th Reg. | |||
| 1878 | |||||||||
| Anselmo José Braamcamp (1817–1885) |
29 May 1879 |
23 March 1881 |
1 year, 298 days | — | Progressist | 16th Reg. | |||
| 1879 | |||||||||
| António Rodrigues Sampaio (1806–1882) |
23 March 1881 |
14 November 1881 |
236 days | — | Regenerator | 17th Reg. | |||
| 1881 | |||||||||
| Fontes Pereira de Melo (1819–1887) (3rd time) |
14 November 1881 |
16 February 1886 |
4 years, 94 days | — | Regenerator | ||||
| 1884 | |||||||||
| José Luciano de Castro (1834–1914) |
16 February 1886 |
14 January 1890 |
3 years, 332 days | — | Progressist | 18th Reg. | |||
| 1887 | |||||||||
| 1889 | Carlos I (1889–1908) | ||||||||
| António de Serpa Pimentel (1825–1900) |
14 January 1890 |
11 October 1890 |
271 days | — | Regenerator | 19th Reg. | |||
| 1890 | |||||||||
| João Crisóstomo (1811–1895) |
11 October 1890 |
18 January 1892 |
1 year, 99 days | — | Independent | 20th Reg. | |||
| José Dias Ferreira (1837–1909) |
18 January 1892 |
22 February 1893 |
1 year, 35 days | — | Independent | 21st Reg. | |||
| 1892 | |||||||||
| Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907) |
22 February 1893 |
5 February 1897 |
3 years, 348 days | — | Regenerator | 22nd Reg. | |||
| 1894 | |||||||||
| 1895 | |||||||||
| José Luciano de Castro (1834–1914) (2nd time) |
5 February 1897 |
26 July 1900 |
3 years, 172 days | — | Progressist | 23rd Reg. | |||
| 1897 | |||||||||
| 1899 | |||||||||
| Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907) (2nd time) |
26 July 1900 |
20 October 1904 |
4 years, 86 days | — | Regenerator | 24th Reg. | |||
| 1900 | |||||||||
| 1901 | |||||||||
| 1904 | |||||||||
| José Luciano de Castro (1834–1914) (3rd time) |
20 October 1904 |
19 March 1906 |
1 year, 150 days | — | Progressist | 25th Reg. | |||
| 1905 | |||||||||
| Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro (1849–1907) (3rd time) |
19 March 1906 |
19 May 1906 |
61 days | — | Regenerator | 26th Reg. | |||
| Apr.1906 | |||||||||
| João Franco (1855–1929) |
19 May 1906 |
4 February 1908 |
1 year, 311 days | — | Liberal Regenerator | 27th Reg. | |||
| Aug.1906 | |||||||||
| Francisco Ferreira do Amaral (1844–1923) |
4 February 1908 |
26 December 1908 |
327 days | — | Independent | 28th Reg. | Manuel II (1908–1910) | ||
| 1908 | |||||||||
| Artur de Campos Henriques (1853–1922) |
26 December 1908 |
11 April 1909 |
106 days | — | Independent | 29th Reg. | |||
| Sebastião Teles (1847–1921) |
11 April 1909 |
14 May 1909 |
33 days | — | Independent | 30th Reg. | |||
| Venceslau de Lima (1858–1919) |
14 May 1909 |
22 December 1909 |
222 days | — | Independent | 31st Reg. | |||
| Francisco da Veiga Beirão (1841–1916) |
22 December 1909 |
26 June 1910 |
185 days | — | Regenerator | 32nd Reg. | |||
| António Teixeira de Sousa (1857–1917) |
26 June 1910 |
5 October 1910 |
101 days | — | Regenerator | 33rd Reg. | |||
| 1910 | |||||||||
First Republic (1910–1926)
| Portrait | Prime minister (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Election | Party | Government | President (Mandate)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | |||||||
| Teófilo Braga (1843–1924) |
5 October 1910 |
4 September 1911 |
323 days | — | Republican | 1st | Teófilo Braga (1910–1911) | ||
| C. 1911 | |||||||||
| João Chagas (1863–1925) |
4 September 1911 |
13 November 1911 |
72 days | — | Republican | 2nd | Manuel de Arriaga (1911–1915) | ||
| Augusto de Vasconcelos (1867–1951) |
13 November 1911 |
16 June 1912 |
215 days | — | Republican | 3rd | |||
| Duarte Leite (1864–1950) |
16 June 1912 |
23 September 1912 |
99 days | — | Republican | 4th | |||
| Augusto de Vasconcelos (1867–1951) (interim) |
23 September 1912 |
30 September 1912 |
7 days | — | Republican | ||||
| Duarte Leite (1864–1950) |
30 September 1912 |
9 January 1913 |
101 days | — | Republican | ||||
| Afonso Costa (1871–1937) |
9 January 1913 |
9 February 1914 |
1 year, 31 days | — | Democratic | 5th | |||
| 1913 | |||||||||
| Bernardino Machado (1851–1944) |
9 February 1914 |
12 December 1914 |
307 days | — | Democratic | 6th | |||
| — | 7th | ||||||||
| Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho (1871–1955) |
12 December 1914 |
28 January 1915 |
47 days | — | Democratic | 8th | |||
| Joaquim Pimenta de Castro (1846–1918) |
28 January 1915 |
14 May 1915 |
106 days | — | Independent | 9th | |||
| Constitutional Junta composed of: José Norton de Matos António Maria da Silva José de Freitas Ribeiro Alfredo de Sá Cardoso Álvaro de Castro |
14 May 1915 |
15 May 1915 |
1 day | — | Independent | — | |||
| João Chagas (1863–1925) (did not take office) |
15 May 1915 |
17 May 1915 |
2 days | — | Independent | 10th | |||
| José de Castro (1868–1929) |
17 May 1915 |
29 November 1915 |
47 days | — | Democratic | Teófilo Braga (1915) | |||
| 1915 | 11st | ||||||||
| Afonso Costa (1871–1937) (2nd time) |
29 November 1915 |
16 March 1916 |
107 days | — | Democratic | 12th | Bernardino Machado (1915–1917) | ||
| António José de Almeida (1866–1929) |
16 March 1916 |
25 April 1917 |
1 year, 40 days | — | Sacred Union (Evolutionist with Democratic) |
13th | |||
| Afonso Costa (1871–1937) (3rd time) |
25 April 1917 |
7 October 1917 |
165 days | — | Democratic | 14th | |||
| José Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim) |
7 October 1917 |
25 October 1917 |
18 days | — | Democratic | ||||
| Afonso Costa (1871–1937) (4th time) |
25 October 1917 |
17 November 1917 |
23 days | — | Democratic | ||||
| José Norton de Matos (1867–1955) (interim) |
17 November 1917 |
8 December 1917 |
21 days | — | Democratic | ||||
| Sidónio Pais (1872–1918) |
8 December 1917 |
14 December 1918 (died) |
1 year, 6 days | — | National Republican | 15th | Sidónio Pais (1918) | ||
| 1918 | 16th | ||||||||
| João do Canto e Castro (1862–1934) |
14 December 1918 |
23 December 1918 |
9 days | — | National Republican | João do Canto e Castro (1918–1919) | |||
| João Tamagnini Barbosa (1883–1948) |
23 December 1918 |
27 January 1919 |
35 days | — | National Republican | 17th | |||
| — | 18th | ||||||||
| Henrique de Paiva Couceiro (1861–1944) (disputed) |
19 January 1919 |
14 February 1919 |
5 days | — | Independent | — | |||
| José Relvas (1858–1929) |
27 January 1919 |
30 March 1919 |
62 days | — | Independent | 19th | |||
| Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) |
30 March 1919 |
30 June 1919 |
92 days | — | Independent | 20th | |||
| Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950) |
30 June 1919 |
15 January 1920 |
199 days | — | Democratic | 21st | |||
| 1919 | António José de Almeida (1919–1923) | ||||||||
| Francisco José Fernandes Costa (1857–1925) (did not take office) |
15 January 1920 |
0 days | — | Republican Liberal | 22nd | ||||
| Alfredo de Sá Cardoso (1864–1950) (reconducted) |
15 January 1920 |
21 January 1920 |
6 days | — | Democratic | 21st | |||
| Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) (2nd time) |
21 January 1920 |
8 March 1920 |
47 days | — | Independent | 23rd | |||
| António Maria Baptista (1866–1920) |
8 March 1920 |
6 June 1920 (Died) |
90 days | — | Democratic | 24th | |||
| José Ramos Preto (1871–1949) |
6 June 1920 |
26 June 1920 |
20 days | — | Democratic | ||||
| António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) |
26 June 1920 |
19 July 1920 |
23 days | — | Democratic | 25th | |||
| António Granjo (1881–1921) |
19 July 1920 |
20 November 1920 |
93 days | — | Republican Liberal (with Reconstitution) |
26th | |||
| Álvaro de Castro (1878–1928) |
20 November 1920 |
30 November 1920 |
10 days | — | Reconstitution | 27th | |||
| Liberato Pinto (1880–1949) |
30 November 1920 |
2 March 1921 |
92 days | — | Democratic (with Reconstitution and Populars) |
28th | |||
| Bernardino Machado (1851–1944) (2nd time) |
2 March 1921 |
23 May 1921 |
82 days | — | Democratic (with Reconstitution and Populars) |
29th | |||
| Tomé de Barros Queirós (1872–1925) |
23 May 1921 |
30 August 1921 |
99 days | — | Republican Liberal | 30th | |||
| António Granjo (1881–1921) (2nd time) |
30 August 1921 |
19 October 1921 (Died) |
50 days | 1921 | Republican Liberal | 31st | |||
| Manuel Maria Coelho (1857–1943) |
19 October 1921 |
5 November 1921 |
16 days | — | Independent | 32nd | |||
| Carlos Maia Pinto (1866–1932) |
5 November 1921 |
16 December 1921 |
41 days | — | Independent | 33rd | |||
| Francisco Cunha Leal (1888–1970) |
16 December 1921 |
7 February 1922 |
53 days | — | Independent | 34th | |||
| António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (2nd time) |
7 February 1922 |
15 November 1923 |
1 year, 281 days | 1922 | Democratic | 35th | |||
| — | 36th | ||||||||
| — | 37th | Manuel Teixeira Gomes (1923–1925) | |||||||
| António Ginestal Machado (1874–1940) |
15 November 1923 |
18 December 1923 |
33 days | — | Nationalist Republican | 38th | |||
| Álvaro de Castro (1878–1928) (2nd time) |
18 December 1923 |
7 July 1924 |
202 days | — | Nationalist Republican (with Democratic) |
39th | |||
| Alfredo Rodrigues Gaspar (1865–1938) |
7 July 1924 |
22 November 1924 |
138 days | — | Democratic | 40th | |||
| José Domingues dos Santos (1885–1958) |
22 November 1924 |
15 February 1925 |
83 days | — | Democratic Leftwing Republican | 41st | |||
| Vitorino Guimarães (1876–1957) |
15 February 1925 |
1 July 1925 |
136 days | — | Democratic | 42nd | |||
| António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (3rd time) |
1 July 1925 |
1 August 1925 |
30 days | — | Democratic | 43rd | |||
| Domingos Leite Pereira (1882–1956) (3rd time) |
1 August 1925 |
18 December 1925 |
140 days | — | Democratic | 44th | |||
| António Maria da Silva (1872–1950) (4th time) |
18 December 1925 |
30 May 1926 |
163 days | 1925 | Democratic | 45th | Bernardino Machado (1925–1926) | ||
Second Republic – Dictatorship (1926–1974)
| Portrait | Prime minister (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Election | Party | Government | President (Mandate)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | |||||||
| Ditadura Nacional – Military Dictatorship (1926–1932) | |||||||||
| José Mendes Cabeçadas (1883–1965) |
30 May 1926 |
19 June 1926 |
20 days | — | Independent | 1st Dict. | José Mendes Cabeçadas (1926) | ||
| Manuel Gomes da Costa (1863–1929) |
19 June 1926 |
9 July 1926 |
20 days | — | Independent | 2nd Dict. | Manuel Gomes da Costa (1926) | ||
| António Óscar Carmona (1869–1951) |
9 July 1926 |
18 April 1928 |
1 year, 284 days |
— | Independent | 3rd Dict. | António Óscar Carmona (1926–1951) | ||
| José Vicente de Freitas (1869–1952) |
18 April 1928 |
8 July 1929 |
1 year, 81 days | — | Independent | 4th Dict. | |||
| — | 5th Dict. | ||||||||
| Artur Ivens Ferraz (1870–1933) |
8 July 1929 |
21 January 1930 |
197 days | — | Independent | 6th Dict. | |||
| Domingos Oliveira (1873–1957) |
21 January 1930 |
5 July 1932 |
2 years, 166 days | — | National Union | 7th Dict. | |||
| Estado Novo – New State (1932–1974) | |||||||||
| António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970) |
5 July 1932 |
25 September 1968 |
36 years, 82 days | — | National Union | 8th Dict. | |||
| 1934 | 9th Dict. | ||||||||
| 10th Dict. | |||||||||
| 1938 | |||||||||
| 1942 | |||||||||
| 1945 | |||||||||
| 1949 | Francisco Craveiro Lopes (1951–1958) | ||||||||
| 1953 | |||||||||
| 1957 | Américo Tomás (1958–1974) | ||||||||
| 1961 | |||||||||
| 1965 | |||||||||
| Marcello Caetano (1906–1980) |
25 September 1968 |
25 April 1974 |
5 years, 210 days | — | National Union from 1970 People's National Action |
11th Dict. | |||
| 1969 | |||||||||
| 1973 | |||||||||
Third Republic (1974–present)
| Portrait | Prime minister (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Election | Party | Government | President (Mandate)
| |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | |||||||
| Provisional Governments of the Revolutionary Period (1974–1976) | |||||||||
| National Salvation Junta composed of: António de Spínola, Francisco Costa Gomes, Jaime Silvério Marques, Diogo Neto, Carlos Galvão de Melo, José Pinheiro de Azevedo, Rosa Countinho |
25 April 1974 |
16 May 1974 |
21 days | — | Independent | — | António de Spínola (1974) | ||
| Adelino da Palma Carlos (1905–1992) |
16 May 1974 |
18 July 1974 |
63 days | — | Independent | Prov. I | |||
| Vasco Gonçalves (1921–2005) |
18 July 1974 |
19 September 1975 |
1 year, 63 days | — | Independent | Prov. II | |||
| — | Prov. III | Francisco da Costa Gomes (1974–1976) | |||||||
| C. 1975 | Prov. IV | ||||||||
| — | Prov. V | ||||||||
| José Pinheiro de Azevedo (1917–1983) |
19 September 1975 |
23 June 1976 |
278 days | — | Independent | Prov. VI | |||
| Vasco de Almeida e Costa (1932–2010) interim[2] |
23 June 1976 |
23 July 1976 |
30 days | — | Independent | ||||
| Prime Ministers heading Constitutional Governments (1976–present) | |||||||||
| Mário Soares (1924–2017) |
23 July 1976 |
28 August 1978 |
2 years, 37 days | 1976 | Socialist | I[Min.] | António Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986) | ||
| — | II[a] | ||||||||
| Alfredo Nobre da Costa (1923–1996) |
28 August 1978 |
22 November 1978 |
86 days | — | Independent | III | |||
| Carlos Mota Pinto (1936–1985) |
22 November 1978 |
1 August 1979 |
252 days | — | Independent | IV | |||
| Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo (1930–2004) |
1 August 1979 |
3 January 1980 |
155 days | — | Independent | V | |||
| Francisco de Sá Carneiro (1934–1980) |
3 January 1980 |
4 December 1980 (died) |
336 days | 1979 | Social Democratic | VI[b] | |||
| 1980 | |||||||||
| Diogo Freitas do Amaral (1941–2019) interim |
4 December 1980 |
9 January 1981 |
36 days | — | Democratic and Social Centre | ||||
| Francisco Pinto Balsemão (1937–2025) |
9 January 1981 |
9 June 1983 |
2 years, 151 days | — | Social Democratic | VII[b] | |||
| — | VIII[b] | ||||||||
| Mário Soares (1924–2017) (2nd time) |
9 June 1983 |
6 November 1985 |
2 years, 151 days | 1983 | Socialist | IX[c] | |||
| Aníbal Cavaco Silva (born 1939) |
6 November 1985 |
28 October 1995 |
9 years, 356 days | 1985 | Social Democratic | X[Min.] | |||
| 1987 | XI | Mário Soares (1986–1996) | |||||||
| 1991 | XII | ||||||||
| António Guterres (born 1949) |
28 October 1995 |
6 April 2002 |
6 years, 160 days | 1995 | Socialist | XIII[Min.] | |||
| 1999 | XIV[Min.] | Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006) | |||||||
| Durão Barroso (born 1956) |
6 April 2002 |
17 July 2004 |
2 years, 102 days | 2002 | Social Democratic | XV[d] | |||
| Pedro Santana Lopes (born 1956) |
17 July 2004 |
12 March 2005 |
238 days | — | Social Democratic | XVI[e] | |||
| José Sócrates (born 1957) |
12 March 2005 |
21 June 2011 |
6 years, 101 days | 2005 | Socialist | XVII | |||
| 2009 | XVIII[Min.] | Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006–2016) | |||||||
| Pedro Passos Coelho (born 1964) |
21 June 2011 |
26 November 2015 |
4 years, 158 days | 2011 | Social Democratic | XIX[f] | |||
| 2015 | XX[Min.][g] | ||||||||
| António Costa (born 1961) |
26 November 2015 |
2 April 2024 |
8 years, 128 days | — | Socialist | XXI[Min.] | |||
| 2019 | XXII[Min.] | Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (2016–2026) | |||||||
| 2022 | XXIII | ||||||||
| Luís Montenegro (born 1973) |
2 April 2024 |
Incumbent | 1 year, 357 days | 2024 | Social Democratic | XXIV[Min.][h] | |||
| 2025 | XXV[Min.][h] | António José Seguro (2026–present) | |||||||
Timeline
See also
- List of prime ministers of Portugal by time in office
- List of presidents of Portugal
- Politics of Portugal
Notes
- Min. Minority government
- ^ Socialist Party (PS) and Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) coalition government.
- ^ a b c Democratic Alliance (AD) government, composed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM).
- ^ Socialist Party (PS) and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) coalition government.
- ^ Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) coalition government.
- ^ Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) coalition government.
- ^ Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP) coalition government.
- ^ Portugal Ahead (PàF) government, composed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP).
- ^ a b Democratic Alliance (AD) government, composed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS–PP).
References
- ^ "Os 89 primeiros-ministros de Portugal". Observador (in Portuguese). 2 April 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)