Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America and borders the United States of America to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundaries with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), and is the thirteenth-largest country in the world by land area. With a population exceeding 130 million, Mexico is the tenth-most populous country in the world and is home to the largest number of native Spanish speakers as of 2020. Mexico City is the capital and largest city in Mexico, which ranks among the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.
Human presence in Mexico dates back to at least 8,000 BC. Mesoamerica, considered a cradle of civilization, was home to numerous advanced societies, including the Olmecs, Maya, Zapotecs, Teotihuacan civilization, and Purépecha. Spanish colonization began in 1521 with an alliance that defeated the Aztec Empire, establishing the colony of New Spain with its capital at Tenochtitlan, now Mexico City. New Spain became a major center of the transoceanic economy during the Age of Discovery, fueled by silver mining and its position as a hub between Europe and Asia. This gave rise to one of the largest multiracial populations in the world. The Peninsular War led to the 1810–1821 Mexican War of Independence, which ended Peninsular rule and led to the creation of the First Mexican Empire, which quickly collapsed into the short-lived First Mexican Republic. In 1848, Mexico lost nearly half its territory to the American invasion. Liberal reforms set in the Constitution of 1857 led to civil war and French intervention, culminating in the establishment of the Second Mexican Empire under Emperor Maximilian I of Austria, who was overthrown by Republican forces led by Benito Juárez. The late 19th century saw the long dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, whose modernization policies came at the cost of severe social unrest. The 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution led to the overthrow of Díaz and the adoption of the 1917 Constitution. Mexico experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth in the 1940s–1970s, amidst electoral fraud, the Tlatelolco massacre, and economic crises. The late 20th century saw a shift towards neoliberalism, marked by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, amidst unrest in Chiapas. (Full article...)
Featured article -
This is a Featured article, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.
Pinguicula moranensis is a perennial rosette-forming insectivorous herb in the flowering plant family Lentibulariaceae. It is native to El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. A species of butterwort, it forms summer rosettes of flat, succulent leaves up to 10 centimeters (4 in) long, which are covered in mucilaginous (sticky) glands that attract, trap, and digest arthropod prey. Nutrients derived from the prey are used to supplement the nutrient-poor substrate that the plant grows in. In the winter the plant forms a non-carnivorous rosette of small, fleshy leaves that conserves energy while food and moisture supplies are low. Single pink, purple, or violet flowers appear twice a year on upright stalks up to 25 centimeters long.
The species was first collected by Humboldt and Bonpland on the outskirts of Mina de Morán in the Sierra de Pachuca of the modern-day Mexican state of Hidalgo on their Latin American expedition of 1799–1804. Based on these collections, Carl Sigismund Kunth described this species in Nova Genera et Species Plantarum in 1817. The extremely variable species has been redefined at least twice since, while several new species have been segregated from it based on various geographical or morphological distinctions, although the legitimacy of some of these is still debated. P. moranensis remains the most common and most widely distributed member of the Section Orcheosanthus. It has long been cultivated for its carnivorous nature and attractive flowers, and is one of the most common butterworts in cultivation. (Full article...)
Selected article -
The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, (April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848) was an invasion of Mexico by the United States. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory because it refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco, signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna after he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country, but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States.
Sectional politics over slavery in the United States had previously prevented annexation because Texas would have been admitted as a slave state, upsetting the balance of power between Northern free states and Southern slave states. In the 1844 United States presidential election, Democrat James K. Polk was elected on a platform of expanding U.S. territory to Oregon, California (also Mexican territory), and Texas by any means, with the 1845 annexation of Texas furthering that goal. However, the boundary between Texas and Mexico was disputed, with the Republic of Texas and the U.S. asserting it to be the Rio Grande and Mexico claiming it to be the more northerly Nueces River. Polk sent a diplomatic mission to Mexico in an attempt to buy the disputed territory, together with California and everything in between for $25 million (equivalent to $798 million in 2024), an offer the Mexican government refused. Polk then sent a group of 80 soldiers across the disputed territory to the Rio Grande, ignoring Mexican demands to withdraw. Mexican forces interpreted this as an attack and repelled the U.S. forces on April 25, 1846, a move that Polk used to convince the Congress of the United States to declare war. (Full article...)
Good article -
This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven (Spanish: Catedral Metropolitana de la Asunción de la Bienaventurada Virgen María a los cielos), also commonly called the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, is the cathedral church of the Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico. It is situated on top of the former Aztec sacred precinct near the Templo Mayor on the northern side of the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo) in the historic center of Mexico City. The cathedral was built in sections from 1573 to 1813 around the original church that was constructed soon after the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan, eventually replacing it entirely. Spanish architect Claudio de Arciniega planned the construction, drawing inspiration from Gothic cathedrals in Spain.
Due to the long time it took to build it, just under 250 years, virtually all the main architects, painters, sculptors, gilding masters and other plastic artists of the viceroyalty worked at some point in the construction of the enclosure. The long construction time also led to the integration of a number of architectural styles in its design, including the Gothic, Baroque, Churrigueresque, Neoclassical styles, as they came into vogue over the centuries. It furthermore allowed the cathedral to include different ornaments, paintings, sculptures and furniture in its interior. The project was a point of social cohesion, because it involved so many generations and social classes, including ecclesiastical authorities, government authorities, and different religious orders. (Full article...)
Díaz, photographed in 1910 José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (; Spanish: [poɾˈfiɾjo ˈði.as]; baptized 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician of Spanish and Mixtec descent who was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 until his overthrow in 1911. Seizing power in a military coup, he served as president of Mexico on three occasions, a total of over thirty years, the longest of any Mexican ruler. This period is known as the Porfiriato and has been called a de facto dictatorship.
Díaz was born to a Oaxacan family of modest means. He initially studied to become a priest but eventually switched his studies to law, and among his mentors was the future President of Mexico, Benito Juárez. Díaz increasingly became active in Liberal Party politics fighting with the Liberals to overthrow Santa Anna in the Plan of Ayutla, and also fighting on their side against the Conservative Party in the Reform War. (Full article...)
- 19 March 2026 – Mexican drug war
- A raid kills eleven members of the Sinaloa Cartel in Sinaloa, Mexico, with a senior cartel leader being captured along with many weapons. (Reuters)
- 17 March 2026 –
- Five people are killed following a fire at the Dos Bocas Refinery in Paraíso, Tabasco, Mexico. (AFP via New Zealand Herald)
- One person is killed and another is injured in a shooting at Holloman Air Force Base near Alamogordo, New Mexico, United States. (CBS News)
- 11 March 2026 – 2026 FIFA World Cup, Iran at the FIFA World Cup
- Iranian sports minister Ahmad Donyamali states that Iran will not participate in the 2026 FIFA World Cup to be hosted by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, citing security concerns amid the Iran war. (Reuters)
- 4 March 2026 – Mexican drug war
- Five cartel members are killed in a shootout with government forces in Rayones, Nuevo León, Mexico. (Milenio in Spanish)
- 23 February 2026 – Mexican drug war
- The death toll among Mexican National Guard troops in Jalisco rises to at least 25 with dozens more wounded amid clashes with Jalisco New Generation Cartel gunmen. (BBC News)
Hot bowl of champurrado as served at a Mexican breakfast Champurrado is a chocolate-based atole, a warm and thick Mexican beverage. It is prepared with either a masa (lime-treated corn dough), masa harina (a dried version of this dough), or corn flour (simply very finely ground dried corn, especially local varieties grown for atole); piloncillo; water or milk; chocolate; and occasionally cinnamon, aniseed, or vanilla. Ground nuts, orange zest, and egg can also be added to thicken and enrich the drink. Atole drinks are whipped up using a wooden whisk called a molinillo. The whisk is rolled between the palms of the hands, then moved back and forth in the mixture, until it is aerated and frothy; a blender may also be used.
Champurrado is traditionally served with a churro in the morning as a simple breakfast or as a late afternoon snack. Champurrado is also very popular during Day of the Dead and at Las Posadas (during the Christmas season), where it is served alongside tamales. Champurrado may also be made with alcohol. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.
-
Image 1Agustín de Iturbide the first Emperor of Mexico in 1822 after leading the Mexican War of Independence against Spain, but his reign was short-lived, lasting only until 1823 when he abdicated, and Mexico transitioned to a republic. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 2El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 3Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 4Chapultepec, more commonly called the "Bosque de Chapultepec" (Chapultepec Forest) (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 5Exconvento (Ex-convent), by José María Velasco. 1860. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 6Fireworks in Mexico City for New Year's Day. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 7The first Braceros arrive in Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by Dorothea Lange. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 8Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 9Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 10José Pablo Moncayo known for his orchestral works, particularly " Huapango" (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 11Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 12Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to Nazi Germany or Spain. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 14President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 15Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 16Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 17Battle of Miahuatlán took place on 3 October 1866. The liberal victory at Miahuatlán was significant because it allowed them to consolidate their control over southern Mexico. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 18The Volkswagen Beetle, known in Mexico as the "Vocho," is perhaps the most iconic classic car in the country. Its production in Mexico began in 1967, and it continued until 2003, making it a symbol of Mexican automotive culture. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 19Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 20"The Torture of Cuauhtémoc", a 19th-century painting by Leandro Izaguirre (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 21A statue of a Chichimeca Warrior in the city of Querétaro (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 23Mexico City street market (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 24The logo of Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 25President Carranza in La Cañada, Querétaro, January 22, 1916. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 26Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 27Plutarco Elías Calles politician and revolutionary general who served as President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928, known for his role in shaping modern Mexico through reforms and the consolidation of state power. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 28Buffalo Soldiers of the American 10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the Battle of Carrizal, Mexico in 1916. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 30Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 31Pear, Quince and Psidium cajeta. In 2010 declared the Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 32President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 33Award of the Association of Theater Critics and Journalists. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 34Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the Cristo Rey ( Christ the King) statue. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 35Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 36Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the Pyramid of the Sun, from the Pyramid of the Moon (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 37Dining table, painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by Agustín Arrieta (from Culture of Mexico)
-
-
Image 39Quechquemitl from Hidalgo at the Museo de Arte Popular in Mexico City (from Culture of Mexico)
-
-
Image 41Portrait and book by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Baroque poet and writer. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 42A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 43April 2, 1867. Entry of General Porfirio Díaz into Puebla. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 44Victoriano Huerta, ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 46Variegated maize ears (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 47The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 48Mexican Army troops in the Zócalo in the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 49Chihuahua Cathedral and a monument to the city's founder, Antonio Deza y Ulloa (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 50The Execution of Emperor Maximilian, 19 June 1867. Gen. Tomás Mejía, left, Maximilian, center, Gen. Miguel Miramón, right. Painting by Édouard Manet 1868. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 52La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes). Saturnino Herrán. 1910–1912. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 53Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 54General Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 55Making cigarettes in the El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 56Porfirio Díaz dominant Mexican political and military figure who served as president for much of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by his long rule and the modernization efforts known as the Porfiriato. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 57Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso, Tabasco (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 59Battle of Tampico (1829) a conflict between Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and Spanish loyalists attempting to reconquer Mexico, resulting in a decisive Mexican victory that further solidified Mexico's independence from Spain. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 60Ignacio Comonfort significant role during the tumultuous period of the mid-19th century, including the Reform War and early stages of the Mexican Republic's transition. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 61Silk rebozo from Santa María del Río, SLP on a mannequin at the Feria de Rebozo in Tenancingo, State of Mexico. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 62Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in Veracruz, 10th–13th century. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 63Liberación (Liberation). Jorge González Camarena. 1908. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 64General Santa Anna known for his leadership during the Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and turbulent periods of Mexican history marked by political instability and territorial losses. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 65U.S. President Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the White House following Peña Nieto's election victory. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 66Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 67Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 68A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 70Surrender of Santa Anna by William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded Sam Houston in 1836. (from History of Mexico)
-
-
Image 72Matches between Club América and Cruz Azul at the Estadio Azteca, known as the " Clásico Joven." (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 73Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc, Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 74La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt). Miguel Cabrera, around 1700. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 75Modern group monument of Cortés, Doña Marina, and their mestizo son Martín (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 76Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 77David Huerta is a contemporary philosopher and poet who examines human existence, freedom, and meaning in Mexican society, blending philosophy with art and literature. (from Culture of Mexico)
-
Image 78Logo of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario, with the colors of the Mexican flag (from History of Mexico)
-
Image 79Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from History of Mexico)
Select [►] to view subcategories
Mexico Buildings and structures in Mexico Organizations based in Mexico
|
|---|
| | Non-Amerindian | |
|---|
| Amerindian | | More than 100,000 people | |
|---|
| 20,000–100,000 people | |
|---|
| 1,000–20,000 people | |
|---|
| Fewer than 1,000 people | |
|---|
|
|---|
- 1 Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe
- 2 Primarily arrived via Canada
- 3 Originated in what is now the United States
|
|
|---|
| More than 100,000 people | | |
|---|
| 20,000 – 100,000 people | |
|---|
| 1,000 – 20,000 people | |
|---|
| Less than 1,000 people | |
|---|
|
|---|
Official/
Indigenous | 100,000+
speakers | |
|---|
10,000-100,000
speakers | |
|---|
Under 10,000
speakers | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Non-official | |
|---|
| Sign | |
|---|
Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population. |
|
|---|
| 19th century | |
|---|
| 20th century | |
|---|
| 21st century | |
|---|
|
You are invited to participate in WikiProject Mexico, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Mexico.
Discover Wikipedia using portals
-
List of all portals
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Random portal
-
WikiProject Portals
-
|