Pioneers of surfactant research

Pioneers of surfactant research is a list of people who were instrumental in the development of pulmonary surfactants for the treatment of infant respiratory distress syndrome.[1][2]

List of pioneers

Year Names Rationale Notes
The early pioneers of surfactant research included Von Neergaard, Pattle, Clements and Macklin
1929 Kurt Neergaard Neergaard used a porcine lung to calculate pressure-volume statistics. He suggested surface tension in neonates with breathing difficulties should be investigated further. [3]
1947 Peter Gruenwald Gruenwald repeated Neergaard experiments on stillborn infants and discovered "'the resistance to aeration is due to surface tension which counteracts the entrance of air". He suggested the presence of pulmonary surfactant. [4]
1954 Charles Macklin Macklin, a pathologist was working with phosgene in a chemical warfare laboratory when he discovered a granular substance that was discharged into the alveoli that was responsible for surface tension. [5]
1955 Richard Pattle Pattle, a physicist, discovered that nerve agents caused long-lived air-bubbles in the alveoli of rabbits and posited that the absence of a lining in neonates would make breathing difficult. [6]
1957 John Allen Clements Clements, a physiologist, released a report on how nerve agents damaged lungs. He went on to discover pulmonary surfactant and posited that its absence was the cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). [7]
Mid 20th Century pulmonary surfactant research was dominated by Avery and Mead
1959 Mary Ellen Avery Working with Jeremiah Mead showed that RDS occurred due to a deficiency of lung surfactant. [8]
Jeremiah Mead Together with Mary Ellen Avery, published a study that linked RDS with a deficiency of lung surfactant. [8]
Animal research with natural surfactants
1972 Goran Enhorning Published a study that showed that preterm rabbits treated with a natural surfactant lived longer. [9]
Bengt Robertson Published a study that showed that preterm rabbits treated with a natural surfactant lived longer. [9]
1973 Goran Enhorning Published a study that showed that deposition of natural surfactant into the pharynx was also effective. [10]
Bengt Robertson Published a study that showed that deposition of natural surfactant into the pharynx was also effective [10]
1978 Forest Adams Adams and his colleagues conducted a study with a natural bovine surfactant on preterm lambs. The study showed the characteristic features of RDS were reduced by the presence of the surfactant. [11]
Initial clinical trials using natural surfactants
1980 Tetsurō Fujiwara Fujiwara and his colleagues treated 10 preterm infants with a modified natural surfactant extracted from cattle lungs. Arterial oxygen tension increased in the infants within a short period. The trial clearly showed the beneficial effects from the surfactant treatment. [12]
1990 Bengt Robertson Created a new surfactant Curosurf that was based on porcine lungs that had gone through an additional step of liquid gel chromatography leaving only polar lipids and SP-B and SP-C. [13]
Tore Curstedt Curstedt, a clinical chemist provided the necessary expertise in chemistry to synthesize Curosurf. [13]
Period of large randomised trials with many different surfactants
1995 Henry Halliday Halliday conducted a review of several trials of surfactant to assess their viability. [14]
1997 Roger F. Soll Between 1997 to 1999, Soll, a neonatologist, published 4 reviews in the Cochrane Library that examined different surfactant doses for RDS. [15][16]
1999 Christian Con Yost Yost, a neonatologist and Soll, published a study on early versus delayed selective surfactant treatments for RDS. [17]
Roger F. Soll Yost and Soll published a study on early versus delayed selective surfactant treatments for RDS. [17]
2000 Roger F. Soll Soll and Morley published a meta-analysis study of studies into prophylaxis versus selective use in preterm infants with lung disease. [18]
Colin Morley Morley, a paediatrician, along with Soll conducted a meta-analysis of studies in preterm infants with lung disease where the "benefits of prophylactic surfactant could no longer be demonstrated". [18]
2001 Roger F. Soll In 2001, Soll and Fermin Blanco conducted a meta-analysis of studies to compare the use of natural surfactant against synthetic surfactants in preterm infants with RDS. [19]
Fermin Blanco Blanco, a neonatologist and Soll concluded that "natural surfactant extracts would seem to be the more desirable choice when compared to currently available synthetic surfactants". [19]
2002 Timothy P. Stevens Stevens, Blennow, Soll ran a randomised clinical trial to test two treatment options for preterm infants with RDS. It compared early surfactant administration with ventilation followed by extubation to selective surfactant administration, continuous ventilation followed by extubation. The study found [20]
Mats Blennow [20]
Roger F. Soll Stevens, Blennow, Soll concluded that a lower treatment threshold measured as FIO<0.45 that reduced the occurrence of air-leaks in infants with RDS. [20]
Period of trials to compare natural surfactants
1995 Matthias Griese Greise and his colleagues tested several different compositions of lipid-extracted natural bovine surfactants Survanta or Alveofact to test their efficacy. [21]
1995 Christian P. Speer Speer and his colleagues tested Curosurf against Survanta in neonates with RDS. Speer found Curosurf treatment resulted in a more rapid improvement in oxygenation than Survanta. [22]
1995 Colleen Ann Malloy Malloy and her colleagues tested Survanta and Curosurf in neonates with RDS. The trial showed that neonates treated with Curosurf had higher FIO2 levels and reduced Patent ductus arteriosus that those neonates treated with Survanta. [23]
1997 Barry T. Bloom Bloom et al. ran a trial to compare Infasurf, a surfactant prepared from calf lungs to Survanta. The trial concluded that Infasurf has a "modest" benefit in the treatment of infants with RDS over Survanta [24]
1999 Bart Van Overmeire Overmeire et. all ran a trial to compare Alveofact with Survanta. Alveofact was a pulmonary surfactant prepared from SF-RI1 bovine lung lavage.[25] [26]
2004 Ramanathan Rangasamy The paediatrician Ramanathan and his colleagues ran a controlled trial where they compared Curosurf to Survanta, a bovine pulmonary surfactant with the addition of synthetic DPPC, tripalmitin and palmitic acid. The study found that Curosurf was more effective, describing Curosurf as offering "a rapid reduction in supplemental oxygen with fewer additional doses of surfactant" [27]
2005 Barry T. Bloom Bloom et al., in the second and third of three studies to compare Infasurf and Survanta. Both trials were cancelled due to insufficient enrollment numbers. [28]
Comparison trials with a new synthetic surfactant
2005 Fernando R Moya Moya and his colleagues compared a new synthetic surfactant Lucinactant (trade name Surfaxin) against Colfosceril palmitate (trade name Exosurf) and Survanta. Lucinactant is a synthetic surfactant with Surfactant protein B added. The multi-centre trial with more than 1000 neonates in South America, found that Lucinactant significantly improved RDS at the 24 hour period compared with Colfosceril with no difference with Survanta. At 36 weeks, mortality was reduced using Lucinactant as the treatment compared to Survanta. [29]

References

  1. ^ Halliday, H L (May 2008). "Surfactants: past, present and future". Journal of Perinatology. 28 (S1): S47–S56. doi:10.1038/jp.2008.50. PMC 7104445. PMID 18446178.
  2. ^ Halliday, Henry L (April 2017). "The fascinating story of surfactant". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 53 (4): 327–332. doi:10.1111/jpc.13500. PMID 28271629.
  3. ^ Neergaard, K. (January 1929). "Neue Auffassungen über einen Grundbegriff der Atemmechanik: Die Retraktionskraft der Lunge, abhängig von der Oberflächenspannung in den Alveolen". Zeitschrift für die Gesamte Experimentelle Medizin. 66 (1): 373–394. doi:10.1007/BF02621963.
  4. ^ Gruenwald, Peter (June 1947). "Surface Tension as a Factor in the Resistance of Neonatal Lungs to Aeration". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 53 (6): 996–1007. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)39775-7. PMID 20247853.
  5. ^ Macklin, CharlesC. (May 1954). "The pulmonary alveolar mucoid film and the pneumonocytes". The Lancet. 263 (6822): 1099–1104. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(54)92154-6. PMID 13164334.
  6. ^ Pattle, R. E. (June 1955). "Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer". Nature. 175 (4469): 1125–1126. Bibcode:1955Natur.175.1125P. doi:10.1038/1751125b0. PMID 14394123.
  7. ^ Clements, J. A. (1 May 1957). "Surface Tension of Lung Extracts". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 95 (1): 170–172. doi:10.3181/00379727-95-23156. PMID 13432025.
  8. ^ a b Avery, Mary Ellen (1 May 1959). "Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 97 (5_PART_I): 517. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1959.02070010519001.
  9. ^ a b Enhörning, G; Robertson, B (July 1972). "Lung expansion in the premature rabbit fetus after tracheal deposition of surfactant". Pediatrics. 50 (1): 58–66. doi:10.1542/peds.50.1.58. PMID 4483194.
  10. ^ a b Enhörning, G.; Grossmann, G.; Robertson, B. (1973). "Pharyngeal Deposition of Surfactant in the Premature Rabbit Fetus". Neonatology. 22 (1–2): 126–132. doi:10.1159/000240546. PMID 4489637.
  11. ^ Adams, Forrest H; Towers, Bernard; Osher, Alan B; Ikegami, Machiko; Fujiwara, Tetsuro; Nozaki, Masahiko (August 1978). "Effects of Tracheal Instillation of Natural Surfactant in Premature Lambs. I. Clinical and Autopsy Findings". Pediatric Research. 12 (8): 841–848. doi:10.1203/00006450-197808000-00008.
  12. ^ Fujiwara, Tetsuro; Chida, Shoichi; Watabe, Yoshitane; Maeta, Haruo; Morita, Tomoaki; Abe, Tadaaki (January 1980). "Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline membrane disease". The Lancet. 315 (8159): 55–59. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)90489-4. PMID 6101413.
  13. ^ a b Robertson, Bengt; Curstedt, Tore; Johansson, Jan; Jörnvall, Hans; Kobayashi, Tsutomu (5 January 1990). "Structural and Functional Characterization of Porcine Surfactant Isolated by Liquid-Gel Chromatography". Progress in Respiratory Research. 25: 237–246. doi:10.1159/000417829. ISBN 978-3-8055-5030-7.
  14. ^ Halliday, Henry L. (1995). "Overview of Clinical Trials Comparing Natural and Synthetic Surfactants". Neonatology. 67 (Suppl. 1): 32–47. doi:10.1159/000244205. PMID 7647157.
  15. ^ Soll, RF (2000). "Prophylactic natural surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1997 (2) CD000511. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000511. PMC 7038705. PMID 10796380.
  16. ^ Soll, RF (2000). "Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1998 (2) CD001149. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001149. PMC 8407430. PMID 10796417.
  17. ^ a b Yost, CC; Soll, RF (2000). Soll, Roger (ed.). "Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2) CD001456. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001456. PMID 10796266.
  18. ^ a b Soll, Roger; Morley, Colin J (23 April 2001). Soll, Roger (ed.). "Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000510. PMID 11405966.
  19. ^ a b Soll, Roger; Blanco, Fermin (23 April 2001). Soll, Roger (ed.). "Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000144. PMID 10796308.
  20. ^ a b c Stevens, Timothy; Blennow, Mats; Soll, Roger (22 April 2002). "Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for RDS". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003063.
  21. ^ Griese, Matthias; Dietrich, P; Reinhardt, D (September 1995). "Pharmacokinetics of bovine surfactant in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 152 (3): 1050–1054. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663782.
  22. ^ Speer, C. P.; Gefeller, O.; Groneck, P.; Laufkötter, E.; Roll, C.; Hanssler, L.; Harms, K.; Herting, E.; Boenisch, H.; Windeler, J. (January 1995). "Randomised clinical trial of two treatment regimens of natural surfactant preparations in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 72 (1): F8–13. doi:10.1136/fn.72.1.f8. PMC 2528411.
  23. ^ Ann Malloy, Colleen; Nicoski, Pamela; Muraskas, Jonathan K (June 2005). "A randomized trial comparing beractant and poractant treatment in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome". Acta Paediatrica. 94 (6): 779–784. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01984.x.
  24. ^ Bloom, Barry T.; Kattwinkel, John; Hall, Robert T.; Delmore, Paula M.; Egan, Edmund A.; Trout, J. Richard; Malloy, Michael H.; Brown, David R.; Holzman, Ian R.; Coghill, Carl H.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Pramanik, Arun K.; McCaffree, Mary Anne; Toubas, Paul L.; Laudert, Susan; Gratny, Linda L.; Weatherstone, Kathleen B.; Seguin, John H.; Willett, Lynne D.; Gutcher, Gary R.; Mueller, Dawn H.; Topper, William. H (1 July 1997). "Comparison of Infasurf (Calf Lung Surfactant Extract) to Survanta (Beractant) in the Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Pediatrics. 100 (1): 31–38. doi:10.1542/peds.100.1.31.
  25. ^ Schulz, Annabell; Pagerols Raluy, Laia; Kolman, Jan Philipp; Königs, Ingo; Trochimiuk, Magdalena; Appl, Birgit; Reinshagen, Konrad; Boettcher, Michael; Trah, Julian (19 January 2021). "The Inhibitory Effect of Curosurf® and Alveofact® on the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps". Frontiers in Immunology. 11. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.582895. PMC 7871907.
  26. ^ Van Overmeire, Bart; Jansens, Jan; Van Reempts, Patrick J (April 1999). "Comparative Evaluation of the Respiratory and Circulatory Responses after the Instillation of Two Bovine Surfactant Preparations". Pediatric Research. 45 (4, Part 2 of 2): 324A–324A. doi:10.1203/00006450-199904020-01928.
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  28. ^ Bloom, Barry T.; Clark, Reese H. (1 August 2005). "Comparison of Infasurf (Calfactant) and Survanta (Beractant) in the Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Pediatrics. 116 (2): 392–399. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2783. PMID 16061594.
  29. ^ Moya, Fernando R.; Gadzinowski, Janusz; Bancalari, Eduardo; Salinas, Vicente; Kopelman, Benjamin; Bancalari, Aldo; Kornacka, Maria Katarzyna; Merritt, T. Allen; Segal, Robert; Schaber, Christopher J.; Tsai, Huei; Massaro, Joseph; d'Agostino, Ralph (1 April 2005). "A Multicenter, Randomized, Masked, Comparison Trial of Lucinactant, Colfosceril Palmitate, and Beractant for the Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Very Preterm Infants". Pediatrics. 115 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2183.
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