Phrynoidis
| Phrynoidis | |
|---|---|
| Phrynoidis asper | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Phrynoidis Fitzinger, 1842 |
| Type species | |
| Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829
| |
Phrynoidis is a small genus of true toads of the Bufonidae family.[1][2] They are found in Mainland Southeast Asia and the Greater Sundas. They are sometimes known as the rough toad[1] or the river toad.[3]
Systematics
Phrynoidis was included in Bufo until 2006.[1] Their sister taxon is the genus Rentapia, which is formerly part of then Pedostibes genus.[3]
Description
Phrynoidis is a large toad with a maximum female snout–vent length of 121–215 mm (4.8–8.5 in), which differs based on the species. Additionally, male Phrynoidis are smaller than females. Finger tips are dilated into keratinized, bulbous tips. Supernumerary palmar tubercles are present. The fingers have basal webbing. The tadpoles have large oral disc that is as wide as the body.[3] Phrynoidis toads are terrestrial riparian habitat generalists. Finally, they lay very large clutches of eggs.[3]
Species
- Phrynoidis asper (Gravenhorst, 1829)
- Phrynoidis juxtasper (Inger, 1964)
References
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Phrynoidis Fitzinger in Treitschke, 1842". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2018. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b c d Chan, Kin Onn; Grismer, L. Lee; Zachariah, Anil; Brown, Rafe M. & Abraham, Robin Kurian (2016). "Polyphyly of Asian tree toads, genus Pedostibes Günther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the description of a new genus from Southeast Asia" (PDF). PLOS ONE. 11 (1) e0145903. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1145903C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145903. PMC 4720419. PMID 26788854. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-12-06. Retrieved 2019-09-03.