Phenazolam
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | None (designer drug) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Unknown |
| Metabolism | Unknown |
| Elimination half-life | Unknown |
| Excretion | Unknown |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C17H12BrClN4 |
| Molar mass | 387.67 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
Clobromazolam (also known as phenazolam, DM-II-90, and BRN 4550445) is a synthetic benzodiazepine derivative. It is structurally related to other triazolobenzodiazepines and is believed to act as a potent sedative and hypnotic through positive allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor. The compound was first described in the early 1980s during research into novel anxiolytic and hypnotic agents, but it was never developed or approved for medical use.[2] Clobromazolam has emerged in the 21st century as a designer drug, being sold online and detected in forensic casework. It was first identified in seized samples by a Swedish laboratory in March 2016.[3][4] Due to its high potency and lack of clinical evaluation, its use has been associated with significant safety concerns, including the risk of overdose, dependence, and severe central nervous system depression.
Legal status
The legal status of clobromazolam varies internationally. It was classified as a controlled substance in Serbia in May 2019 and in Italy in March 2020.[5][6] In the United States, clobromazolam is not explicitly scheduled at the federal level as of now, though it may fall under analogue legislation in certain circumstances.
See also
References
- ^ "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2024". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved June 12, 2026.
- ^ Polívka Z, Holubek J, Metyš J, Šedivŷ Z, Protiva M (1983). "Potential hypnotics and anxiolytics: 8-Chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl) piperazino]-methyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a]-1,4-benzodiazepine and related compounds". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. 48 (12): 3433–43. doi:10.1135/cccc19833433.
- ^ "Novel benzodiazepines: A review of the evidence of use and harms" (PDF). Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. April 2020.
- ^ Wagmann L, Manier SK, Felske C, Gampfer TM, Richter MJ, Eckstein N, Meyer MR (October 2020). "Flubromazolam-derived designer benzodiazepines: Toxicokinetics and analytical toxicology of clobromazolam and bromazolam". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 45 (9): 1014–1027. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa161. PMID 33048135.
- ^ "Rulebook on determining the List of psychoactive controlled substances" (in Serbian). Serbian Ministry of Health.
- ^ "Ministerial decree". Tcnotiziario.it (in Italian). 13 March 2020.