Petrosia
| Petrosia | |
|---|---|
| Petrosia ficiformis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | Haplosclerida |
| Family: | Petrosiidae |
| Genus: | Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885 |
Petrosia is a benthic genus of sponges belonging to the family Petrosiidae.[1][2]
Diet
They are filter feeders, and their diet is composed of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, plankton, and unicellular algae. Certain species can also absorb dissolved organic matter directly from the water. Other species host symbiotic cyanobacteria, which can provide additional nutrition via photosynthesis.
Distribution
The [pgenus has an almost cosmopolitan distribution, with species found in habitats from temperate to tropical waters and from the intertidal zone to deep waters.[3]
Description
Petrosia comprises sponges with a characteristic hard, stony, and brittle texture, primarily due to their dense network of siliceous spicules. While the group is morphologically diverse—exhibiting forms such as branching, cylindrical, globular, or bowl-shaped structures—the internal skeleton structure is a more consistent classifying feature. The surface of these sponges]p is typically rough or granular and punctuated by numerous, often small and scattered, oscules. The spicules, which can be seen under a microscope, are generally long, slightly curved rods with pointed or rounded ends. The coloration of Petrosia is variable; many species are dark reds, browns, or blacks, but some exhibit bright, vivid colors like yellow, often influenced by the presence of symbiotic cyanobacteria.[4][5][6]
Species
- Petrosia (Petrosia) australis Bergquist & Warne, 1980
- Petrosia (Petrosia) borealis (Lambe, 1895)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) brachysclera Lévi & Lévi, 1989
- Petrosia (Petrosia) canariensis de Weerdt & van Soest, 1986
- Petrosia (Petrosia) capsa Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1987
- Petrosia (Petrosia) clavata (Esper, 1794)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) crassa (Carter, 1876)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) cretacea (Schmidt, 1870)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) crustata Wilson, 1925
- Petrosia (Petrosia) densissima Dendy, 1905
- Petrosia (Petrosia) elephantotus Ilan, Gugel & van Soest, 2004
- Petrosia (Petrosia) ernesti Goodwin & Downey, 2021
- Petrosia (Petrosia) expansa (Thiele, 1903)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) ficiformis (Poiret, 1789)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) granifera Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1987
- Petrosia (Petrosia) hebes Lendenfeld, 1888
- Petrosia (Petrosia) hoeksemai de Voogd & van Soest, 2002
- Petrosia (Petrosia) incrustata (Alcolado & Gotera, 1986)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) intermedia (Czerniavsky, 1880)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) lignosa Wilson, 1925
- Petrosia (Petrosia) mammiformis Dendy, 1922
- Petrosia (Petrosia) massiva Lehnert & van Soest, 1996
- Petrosia (Petrosia) microxea (Vacelet, Vasseur & Lévi, 1976)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) nigricans Lindgren, 1897
- Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) pigmentosa Fromont, 1991
- Petrosia (Petrosia) plana Wilson, 1925
- Petrosia (Petrosia) pluricrustata Lévi & Lévi, 1983
- Petrosia (Petrosia) pulvilla (Thiele, 1903)
- Petrosia (Petrosia) puna de Laubenfels, 1951
- Petrosia (Petrosia) punctata Lévi & Lévi, 1983
- Petrosia (Petrosia) raphida Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994
- Petrosia (Petrosia) revizee Rocha, Moraes, Salani & Hajdu, 2021
- Petrosia (Petrosia) seychellensis Dendy, 1922
- Petrosia (Petrosia) shellyi Pulitzer-Finali, 1993
- Petrosia (Petrosia) solida Hoshino, 1981
- Petrosia (Petrosia) solusstrongyla Hoshino, 1981
- Petrosia (Petrosia) spheroida Tanita, 1967
- Petrosia (Petrosia) truncata Ridley & Dendy, 1886
- Petrosia (Petrosia) ushitsuensis Tanita, 1963
- Petrosia (Petrosia) volcano Hoshino, 1976
- Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 [1]
References
- ^ a b "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
- ^ "Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-08-31.
- ^ Juan, Yung-Shun; Lee, Chien-Chih; Tsao, Chia-Wei; Lu, Mei-Chin; El-Shazly, Mohamed; Shih, Huei-Chuan; Chen, Yu-Cheng; Wu, Yang-Chang; Su, Jui-Hsin (2014-09-18). "Structure elucidation and cytotoxic evaluation of new polyacetylenes from a marine sponge Petrosia sp". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 15 (9): 16511–16521. doi:10.3390/ijms150916511. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 4200862. PMID 25238415.
- ^ "ResearchGATE". SciVee. 2009-01-13. doi:10.4016/9522.01 (inactive 31 August 2025). Retrieved 2025-08-31.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2025 (link) - ^ "Petrosia: The Sexual Life of the Sponges". Retrieved 2025-08-31.