Penstemon fremontii

Penstemon fremontii
In Moffat County, Colorado

Vulnerable (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Plantaginaceae
Genus: Penstemon
Species:
P. fremontii
Binomial name
Penstemon fremontii
Varieties[2]
  • P. f. var. fremontii
  • P. f. var. glabrescens
Synonyms[3]
  • Penstemon luculentus

Penstemon fremontii, commonly known as Fremont penstemon, is a species of herbaceous plant that grows where the states of Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado meet in the western United States. It is a penstemon in the veronica family. Because of its limited range it is regarded as vulnerable to extinction.

Description

Fremont penstemon is a herbaceous plant that grows flowering stems that usually reach 8 to 25 centimeters (3 to 10 in) in height, but occasionally may be as much 40 cm (16 in) tall.[4] Plants can have one or more stem that grow from a woody crown that is either thick or branched.[5] The stems are densely covered in retrorse, backwards facing, hairs making them have an ash like color.[6]

Plants can have both cauline and basal leaves, those attached to its stems and leaves growing directly from the base of the plant, but will sometimes lack basal leaves or only have a few. The leaves can be retrorsely hairy and ashy colored like the stems or can be hairless. Basal leaves and the lowest leaves on the stems are typically 3.0–7.5 centimeters (1.2–3.0 in) in length but can be as long as 10 cm (3.9 in). They are usually 2–18 millimeters in width, sometimes reaching as much as 27 mm, and are oblanceolate to elliptic in shape with a tapering base. Stems will have two to four pairs of leaves attached directly to the stems. They measure 2.2–7.7 cm (0.9–3.0 in) in length by 3–15 mm and are usually lanceolate, shaped like the head of a spear, but occasionally might be oblanceolate, like a reversed spear head.[4]

The flowers are in an inflorescence on the upper part of the stems and fairly packed together.[6] It measures 3 to 28 centimeters (1.2 to 11.0 in) long and has as many as 15 or as few as 5 groups of flowers, each with two cymes with one to three flowers.[4] The flowers are blue, blue-purple, or blue-violet and funnel shaped with a violet tube that is 6–8 mm long.[5] Both varieties of the species can bloom in May or June, but variety glabrescens will sometimes bloom in July.[7][8]

Taxonomy

Penstemon fremontii was scientifically described and named in 1862 by the botanists John Torrey and Asa Gray.[9] The type specimen was collected by John Charles Frémont on 5 June 1844 "on Uinta plains".[5] It is classified in the Penstemon genus which is part of the family Plantaginaceae.[2] The closest relative is Penstemon cyanocaulis and together they form part of a clade with Penstemon paysoniorum and Penstemon strictiformis.[10] It has two accepted varieties:[2]

Penstemon fremontii var. fremontii

The autonymic variety nearly always has densely hairy leaves, occasionally only partly hairy.[4] It grows on either somewhat clayey or sandy soils in sagebrush shrublands at elevations from 1,500–2,500 meters (4,900–8,200 ft). This variety is more widespread growing in south-central and southwestern Wyoming, northeastern Utah, and northwestern Colorado.[7]

Penstemon fremontii var. glabrescens

Variety glabrescens was described by Robert Donald Dorn and R.W. Lichvar in 1990.[11] It is distinguished from the rest of the species by having hairless or nearly hairless leaves, though it can be occasionally hairy on the midvein or edges of the leaves.[4] This variety is limited to just Garfield County and Rio Blanco County in Colorado at elevations of 1,800–2,500 meters (5,900–8,200 ft). It grows barren shale slopes and in rabbitbrush shrublands.[8]

It has 3 synonyms of the species or one of its two varieties.[2][11][3]

Table of Synonyms[2][11][3]
Name Year Rank Synonym of: Notes
Penstemon fremontii var. parryi A.Gray ex S.Watson 1871 variety subsp. fremontii = het.
Penstemon glaber var. fremontii (Torr. & A.Gray) M.E.Jones 1908 variety P. fremontii ≡ hom.
Penstemon luculentus R.L.Johnson & M.R.Stevens 2016 species subsp. glabrescens ≡ hom.
Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym

Names

The species was named fremontii in honor of John C. Frémont.[12] It is known by the related common names Fremont penstemon,[6] Fremont's penstemon,[5] and Fremont's beardtongue.[4]

Range and habitat

Fremont penstemon is most widespread in Wyoming with its range stretching across southcentral Wyoming to the west including six counties; Converse, Natrona, Carbon, Fremont, Sweetwater, and Lincoln.[7][13] In Colorado it is known from three counties in the northwest of the state, Moffat, Rio Blanco, and Garfield.[13] In Utah it grow in just Duchesne and Uintah counties in the northeast.[6] It grows on the sagebrush steppe and in piñon–juniper woodlands.[5]

Conservation

When last evaluated in 2002 NatureServe rated the species as vulnerable (G3) at the global level. It was given this rating due to the limited range without information about abundance for Penstemon fremontii. In Colorado and Wyoming it was rated as apparently secure (S4), but was rated as imperiled (S2) in Utah.[1] Though according to Elizabeth Neese in 1986 it was one of the most common penstemons of low-elevation shrub communities in the Uinta Basin.[14]

See also

List of Penstemon species

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b NatureServe 2025.
  2. ^ a b c d e POWO 2025a.
  3. ^ a b c POWO 2025c.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Freeman 2020a.
  5. ^ a b c d e Cronquist et al. 1984, p. 430.
  6. ^ a b c d Welsh et al. 1987, p. 590.
  7. ^ a b c Freeman 2020b.
  8. ^ a b Freeman 2020c.
  9. ^ Gray 1862, pp. 60–61.
  10. ^ Wessinger et al. 2016, pp. 917–918.
  11. ^ a b c POWO 2025b.
  12. ^ Gray 1862, p. 61.
  13. ^ a b NRCS 2025.
  14. ^ Neese 1986, p. 104.

Sources

Books
  • Cronquist, Arthur; Holmgren, Arthur H.; Holmgren, Noel H.; Reveal, James L.; Holmgren, Patricia K. (1984). Intermountain Flora : Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A.. Vol. Four. Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). New York: Published for the New York Botanical Garden by Hafner Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-89327-248-7. OCLC 320442. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  • Neese, Elizabeth (1986). "11: Plants of the Great Basin and the Western Slopes". In Williams, Jean Taylor; Kelaidis, Gwen; Kelaidis, Panayoti; Pachuta, Patricia A. (eds.). Rocky Mountain Alpines : Choice Rock Garden Plants of the Rocky Mountains in the Wild and in the Garden (First ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-058-1. OCLC 14561962. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  • Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood, N. Duane; Goodrich, Sherel; Higgins, Larry C. (1987). A Utah Flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 9 (First ed.). Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University. JSTOR 23377658. OCLC 9986953694. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
Journals
Web sources
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.