Parapuzosia seppenradensis
| Parapuzosia seppenradensis Temporal range: Lower Campanian
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|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | †Ammonoidea |
| Order: | †Ammonitida |
| Family: | †Desmoceratidae |
| Genus: | †Parapuzosia |
| Species: | †P. seppenradensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Parapuzosia seppenradensis (Landois, 1895)
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| Synonyms | |
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Parapuzosia seppenradensis is the largest known species of ammonite.[1] It lived during the Lower Campanian Epoch of the Late Cretaceous period, in marine environments in what is now Westphalia, Germany. A specimen, found in Seppenrade near Lüdinghausen, Germany in 1895 measures 1.8 m (5.9 ft) in diameter, although the living chamber is incomplete.
The original fossil is shown in the foyer of the Westphalian Museum of Natural History, Münster, Germany. It was once estimated that, if complete, this specimen would have had a diameter of approximately 2.55 m (8.4 ft)[2] or even 3.5 m (11 ft).[3] However, a study in 2021 estimated the diameter of the largest specimens to be around 2 m (6.6 ft).[4] An 1898 study estimated a total live mass around 1,455 kg (3,208 lb), of which the shell would constitute 705 kg (1,554 lb).[3] In contrast, a 2025 study estimated that the body weighed around 400 kg (880 lb) based on its shell volume, which would still place it among the heaviest cephalopods.[5]
See also
References
- ^ Payne, J.L., A.G. Boyer, J.H. Brown, S. Finnegan, M. Kowalewski, R.A. Krause, Jr., S.K. Lyons, C.R. McClain, D.W. McShea, P.M. Novack-Gottshall, F.A. Smith, J.A. Stempien & S.C. Wang 2009. Two-phase increase in the maximum size of life over 3.5 billion years reflects biological innovation and environmental opportunity. PNAS 106(1): 24–27. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806314106
- ^ (in German) Landois, H. 1895. Die Riesenammoniten von Seppenrade, Pachydiscus Zittel Seppenradensis H. Landois. Jahresbericht des Westfälischen Provinzial-Vereins für Wissenschaft und Kunst 23: 99–108.
- ^ a b Teichert, C. & B. Kummel 1960. Size of endoceroid cephalopods. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology 128: 1–7.
- ^ Ifrim, Christina; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; González, Arturo H. González; Schorndorf, Nils; Gale, Andrew S. (2021-11-10). "Ontogeny, evolution and palaeogeographic distribution of the world's largest ammonite Parapuzosia (P.) seppenradensis (Landois, 1895)". PLOS ONE. 16 (11) e0258510. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258510. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8580234. PMID 34758037.
- ^ Klug, Christian; Fuchs, Dirk; Pohle, Alexander; Korn, Dieter; De Baets, Kenneth; Hoffmann, René; Ware, David; Ward, Peter D. (2025-08-21). "Cephalopod body size and macroecology through deep time". Scientific Reports. 15 (1): 30736. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13940-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 12371081.
- (in German) Kennedy, W.J. & U. Kaplan 1995. Parapuzosia (Parapuzosia) seppenradensis (Landois) und die Ammonitenfauna der Dülmener Schichten, unteres Unter-Campan, Westfalen. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 33: 1–127.