Panophthalmitis
| Panophthalmitis | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |
| Complications | Blindness, Sympathetic ophthalmia |
Panophthalmitis is the inflammation of all parts of the eye and the area around the eye in the eye socket.[1] It can be caused by infection, particularly from Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species,[2] Clostridium species,[3] Whipple's disease,[4] and also fungi.[5][6][7] It can also be caused by ocular melanoma.[8]
Panopthalmitis can also occur when infection in another part of the body spreads to the eyes, such as intra-abdominal infections or abscesses, pneumonia, endocarditis, or fungal infection.[2] Endophthalmitis can progress to form panophthalmitis. Immediate treatment of endophthalmitis is needed, as delays in treatment may progress to panophthalmitis.[2]
A limited case series of 18 patients with panophthalmitis showed that antibiotics and steroids injected into the eyeball and tissues surrounding the eye effectively prevented the need to remove the eye.[2]
A potential complication of panophthalmitis is sympathetic ophthalmia in which inflammation occurs in both eyes, including the unaffected eye, which may lead to blindness.[2]
References
- ^ Backman S.; et al. (1990). "Progressive panophthalmitis in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum): a case report". Journal of Fish Diseases. 13 (5): 345–353. Bibcode:1990JFDis..13..345B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1990.tb00793.x.
- ^ a b c d e Chen, KJ; Chen, YP; Chao, AN; Wang, NK; Wu, WC; Lai, CC; Chen, TL (2017). "Prevention of Evisceration or Enucleation in Endogenous Bacterial Panophthalmitis with No Light Perception and Scleral Abscess". PLOS ONE. 12 (1) e0169603. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169603. PMC 5215906. PMID 28056067.
- ^ Green, Mary T.; Font, Ramon L.; Campbell, James V.; Marines, Hector M. (1987). "Endogenous Clostridium Panophthalmitis". Ophthalmology. 94 (4): 435–438. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(87)33433-5. ISSN 0161-6420. PMID 3587922.
- ^ Drancourt, Michel; Fenollar, Florence; Denis, Danièle; Raoult, Didier (2009). "Postoperative Panophthalmitis Caused by Whipple Disease". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 15 (5): 825–827. doi:10.3201/eid1505.081209. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 2687007. PMID 19402983.
- ^ Endophthalmitis at eMedicine
- ^ Maccheron, Luke J.; Groeneveld, Erwin R.; Ohlrich, Stephen J.; Hilford, David J.; Beckingsale, Peter S. (2004). "Orbital cellulitis, panophthalmitis, and ecthyma gangrenosum in an immunocompromised host with pseudomonas septicemia". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 137 (1): 176–178. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00721-9. ISSN 0002-9394. PMID 14700664.
- ^ Bodey, G. P.; Bolivar, R.; Fainstein, V.; Jadeja, L. (1983). "Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 5 (2): 279–313. doi:10.1093/clinids/5.2.279. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 6405475.
- ^ Fraser, Douglas J. (1979). "Ocular Inflammation and Hemorrhage as Initial Manifestations of Uveal Malignant Melanoma". Archives of Ophthalmology. 97 (7): 1311–4. doi:10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020053012. ISSN 0003-9950. PMID 313204.
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