PKS 2354−35

PKS 2354−35
PKS 2354−35 taken with DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationSculptor
Right ascension23h 57m 00.72s[1]
Declination−34° 45′ 32.97″[1]
Redshift0.049051[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity14,705 km/s[1]
Distance707.0 ± 49.5 Mly (216.77 ± 15.18 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterAbell 4059
Apparent magnitude (V)14.42[1]
Characteristics
TypecD;E+4;BrClG[1]
Size~641,600 ly (196.73 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
PGC 73000, ESO 349-G010, G4Jy 1858, ABELL 4059:[AAV2011] BCG, 2MASX J23570068-3445331, 6dF J2357006-344533[1]

PKS 2354−35 also designated as ESO 349-010,[2] is a type-cD galaxy located in the constellation of Sculptor. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.049[1] and it was first discovered as an extragalactic radio source by astronomers in December 1965, whom they identified it with a spherical object surrounded by a diffused envelope.[3] It is classified as a radio galaxy[4] and is the brightest cluster galaxy in Abell 4059.[2]

Description

PKS 2354−35 is a cD galaxy dominating the center of Abell 4059. It has also been categorized as a Type I Fanaroff-Riley class radio galaxy and contains dust absorption features in its center when imaged by Hubble Space Telescope (HST).[5][6] The radial profile of the galaxy is found to display no signs of rotation but the velocity dispersion profile is mainly positive.[7] The optical spectrum of the galaxy contains both doubly ionized oxygen and ionized neon lines.[4]

The radio source of PKS 2354−35 is found to be compact. When observed, it has a radio core component shown to have a size of around 0.4 arcseconds with a flux density of seven mJy. There is a presence of jet structure on both sides of the source. The radio spectrum has been described as extremely steep and the total radio luminosity has been calculated as 1.5 x 1042 erg s-1.[4] Two radio lobes have been detected in the galaxy, depicted as extending along a major axis and positioned perpendicularly towards an X-ray bar feature.[8][9]

HST imaging have also detected the presence of a dust lane in PKS 2354−35. When observed, the dust lane is shown to shown an extension of five arcseconds across with a projection across the central region. Evidence also found the dust lane is mainly twisted with a position angle of between 60° to 70° in relation to the galaxy's own radio axis. This suggested a recent galaxy merger around 108 million years ago.[10] The central supermassive black hole has been estimated as 0.7+1.0-0.4 x 109 Mʘ based on a factor adjustment of 0.35, with an Eddington ratio of 1.2+4.6-0.9 x 10-3 Medd.[11] A pair of X-ray cavities have been discovered inside a central region along with X-ray emission ridge that is associated with the galaxy. Evidence also suggested the galaxy's nucleus may be activated through tidal stripping of cold gas from a late-type starburst galaxy based on asymmetries of the interstellar medium.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "NED Search results for PKS 2354-35". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2026-02-14.
  2. ^ a b Rasera, Y.; Lynch, B.; Srivastava, K.; Chandran, B. (December 2008). "Abundance Profiles in Cooling-Core Clusters: a Fossil Record of Past AGN-driven Convection?". The Astrophysical Journal. 689 (2): 825–836. arXiv:0809.0238. doi:10.1086/592428. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. ^ Bolton, J. G.; Clarke, Margaret E.; Ekers, R. D. (December 1965). "Identification of extragalactic radio sources between declinations -20° and -44°". Australian Journal of Physics. 18 (6): 627–634. Bibcode:1965AuJPh..18..627B. doi:10.1071/PH650627. ISSN 0004-9506.
  4. ^ a b c Schwartz, Daniel A.; Bradt, Hale V.; Remillard, Ronald A.; Tuohy, I. R. (August 1991). "The X-Ray Cooling Flow in the Cluster of Galaxies around PKS 2354-35". The Astrophysical Journal. 376: 424. Bibcode:1991ApJ...376..424S. doi:10.1086/170291. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Heinz, Sebastian; Choi, Yun-Young; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Begelman, Mitchell C. (2002-04-20). "[ITAL]Chandra[/ITAL] ACIS-S Observations of Abell 4059: Signs of Dramatic Interaction between a Radio Galaxy and a Galaxy Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 569 (2): L79–L82. arXiv:astro-ph/0201107. doi:10.1086/340688. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Laine, Seppo; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Lauer, Tod R.; Postman, Marc; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Owen, Frazer N. (February 2003). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Brightest Cluster Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (2): 478–505. arXiv:astro-ph/0211074. doi:10.1086/345823. ISSN 0004-6256.
  7. ^ Loubser, S. I.; Sansom, A. E.; Sánchez-Blázquez, P.; Soechting, I. K.; Bromage, G. E. (December 2008). "Radial kinematics of brightest cluster galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 391 (3): 1009–1028. arXiv:0808.1521. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13813.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ Taylor, Gregory B.; Barton, Elizabeth J.; Ge, Jingping (June 1994). "Searching for Cluster Magnetic Fields in the Cooling Flows of 0745-191, A2029, and A4059". The Astronomical Journal. 107: 1942. Bibcode:1994AJ....107.1942T. doi:10.1086/117006. ISSN 0004-6256.
  9. ^ Huang, Zhenping; Sarazin, Craig L. (April 1998). "A High-Resolution ROSAT X-Ray Study of Abell 4059". The Astrophysical Journal. 496 (2): 728–736. arXiv:astro-ph/9710213. doi:10.1086/305406. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. ^ Choi, Yun-Young; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Heinz, Sebastian; Rosenberg, Jessica L.; Perlman, Eric S.; Yang, Jongmann (May 2004). "Observations of A4059 with Chandra, Hubble Space Telescope, and the Very Large Array: Unraveling a Complex Cluster/Radio Galaxy Interaction". The Astrophysical Journal. 606 (1): 185–195. arXiv:astro-ph/0402131. doi:10.1086/382941. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ Rafferty, D. A.; McNamara, B. R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Wise, M. W. (2006-11-20). "The Feedback-regulated Growth of Black Holes and Bulges through Gas Accretion and Starbursts in Cluster Central Dominant Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 652 (1): 216–231. arXiv:astro-ph/0605323. doi:10.1086/507672. ISSN 0004-637X.
  12. ^ Reynolds, Christopher S.; Casper, Elyse A.; Heinz, Sebastian (June 2008). "A Deep Chandra Observation of Abell 4059: A New Face to "Radio-Mode" AGN Feedback?". The Astrophysical Journal. 679 (2): 1181–1191. arXiv:0802.0499. doi:10.1086/587456. ISSN 0004-637X.
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