List of Ottoman imperial consorts

This is a list of consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خاتون) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady. The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first haseki sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.

Kadın

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادين) was the title given to the consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of women with the rank of Ikbal.

Ikbal

Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish: اقبال) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın. Their honorific was "Hanim".

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

Portrait Name Birth name Origin Place of Origin Marriage Spouse
Malhun Hatun[2] Mal Turkish[2] Turkey Osman I
Rabia Bala Hatun[2] Rabia Turkish Turkey
Eftendize Hatun [3] Eftandise Turkish Turkey 13th century Orhan I
Asporça Hatun Byzantine Greek Byzantine Empire
Nilüfer Hatun Byzantine Greek Byzantine Empire
Theodora Hatun Theodora Kantakouzene Byzantine Greek Byzantine Empire 1347 (legal marriage)
Gülçiçek Hatun Unknown Byzantine Greek ? Byzantine Empire 1359 (disputed) Murad I
Thamara Hatun Kera Tamara Bulgarian Bulgarian Empire 1370 (legal marriage)
Fülane Hatun[4] ? Turkish
Füldane Hatun Maria Dejanovic Dragas Serbian Serbian Empire
Fülane Hatun Olga Dejanovic Dragas Serbian, daughter of Konstantin of Kostendil'[5] Serbian Empire 1372 (legal marriage) Bayezid I
Sultan Hatun Turkish Kütahya,
Germinayid Principality 		1378 (disputed)
Angelina Hatun Angelina Greek[6][7] Greece
Hafsa Hatun[4] Hâfize Turkish Birgi, Aydinid Principality 1390 (legal marriage)
Olivera Despina Mileva Olivera Lazarević Serbian Kruševac, Serbia 1390 (legal marriage)
Marija Hatun Maria Daughter of the Hungarian count Janos, she was freed by Timur and handed over to Henry III of Castile. She later married Payo Gomez de Soto Mayor[6][8]. Hungary
Karamanoğlu Hatun Turkish
Devlet Hatun ? unknown unknown

Emine Hatun

Emine

Turkish Elbistan,
Dulkadirid Principality 		Mehmed I
Şahzade Hatun Turkish Amasya,
Kutluşah Principality
Kumru Hatun ?
Halime Hatice Hatun Turkish Murad II
Hüma Hatun Slavic, Italian, Jewish or Greek[9][4]
Mara Despina Sultan Mara Branković Serb Serbian Despotate 1435 (legal marriage)
Yeni Hatun Turkish Turkey
Gülbahar Hatun[10][11][12] Albanian,[13] Slavic,[14] Pontic Greek[9] or Turkish[15] Unknown Mehmed II
Gülşah Hatun ? ?
Anna Hatun Anna Komenene Greek Greece
Sittişah Hatun Mükrime Turkish Elbistan,
Dulkadirid Principality 		1449 (legal marriage)
Çiçek Hatun Serb or Turkish
Helena Hatun Helena Palaiologina Greek Greece
Hatice Hatun Hatice Turkish
Şirin Hatun Bayezid II
Hüsnüşah Hatun
Bülbül Hatun
Nigar Hatun
Gülruh Hatun
Ayşe Hatun Ayşe Turkish Elbistan,
Dulkadirid Principality
Muhtereme Ferahşad Hatun
Gülbahar Hatun
Gülfem Hatun
Mühurnaz Hatun
Ayşe Hatun[16] Ayşe Crimean Crimean Khanate Selim I
Hafsa Sultan[17] unknown Slave of European or Circassian origin[15][18][19] Europe or Circassia
Yasemin Hatun[20] unknown

unknown

unknown Suleiman I
Hübeh Hatun[20] unknown unknown unknown
Mahidevran Hatun[20] unknown Albanian,[21] Circassian,[21] Montenegrin[22] or Crimean Albania, Circassia, Montenegro or Crimea

Server Hatun[20]

unknown

unknown

unknown

Hürrem Sultan

Aleksandra[23] or Anastajza[24]

Ruthenian Kingdom of Poland early May 1534[25] (legal marriage)

Nurbanu Sultan

Cecilia Venier-Baffo[26] or Rachel Marié Nassi[27] or Kalē Karatanou

Venetian or Greek or Jewish Paros, Republic of Venice or Corfu, Republic of Venice 1571 (legal marriage) Selim II
Fülane Hatun[28] unknown unknown unknown
Fülane Hatun unknown unknown unknown
Fülane Hatun[29] unknown unknown unknown
Other four concubines[30] unknown unknown unknown
Safiye Sultan[31] unknown Albanian[32] Albania, Dukagjin Highlands Murad III
Şemsiruhsar Hatun[33] unknown unknown unknown
Mihriban Hatun[34] unknown unknown unknown
Şahıhuban Hatun[35] unknown unknown unknown
Nazperver Hatun[36] unknown unknown unknown
Zerefşan Hatun[37] unknown unknown unknown
Fakriye Hatun[38] unknown unknown unknown
Fülane Hatun[39] unknown unknown unknown
Fifteen pregnant concubines[40] unknown unknown unknown
Fülane Hatun unknown unknown unknown
A daughter of Lady Chiajna[41][42] unknown Romanian Principality of Wallachia
Handan Sultan unknown Bosnian[43] or Greek[44] Ottoman Bosnia or Ottoman Greece Mehmed III
Halime Sultan unknown Abkhaz[45] Abkhazia
Fülane Hatun[46][47] unknown unknown unknown
Mahfiruz Hatice Hatun[15][48] unknown Caucasian Caucasus Ahmed I
Fatma Hatun[49][50] unknown unknown unknown
Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan Anastasía[51][52][53] Greek. Born on Tinos, Republic of Venice (?) Greece or Tinos, Republic of Venice (?)
Ayşe Sultan Osman II
Meylișah Meleksima Hatun unknown Serbian Serbia
Fülane Hatun unknown 7 February 1622 (legal marriage)
Rukiye Akile Hatun Akile Turkish Istanbul, Ottoman Empire 1622 (legal marriage)
Ayşe Sultan unknown[54] unknown[55] unknown Murad IV
Fülane Sultan unknown unknown unknown
Sanavber Hatun unknown unknown unknown
Safiye Hatun unknown unknown unknown
Emirgün's sister (disputed) unknown
Zafire Hatun unknown, possibly Sciabas (Slava)[56] or unlikely Giacoma Beccarini[57] Georgian,[58] Russian[56] or unlikely Italian[57][59] unknown, possibly but unlikely Siena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany[57] Ibrahim I
Turhan Sultan unknown Russian,[60][61][62] Circassian[63] or Ukrainian[64] Russia, Circassia or Ukraine
Hatice Muazzez Sultan unknown unknown[15] unknown
Saliha Dilaşub Sultan unknown[15] unknown[15][65] unknown
Ayșe Sultan unknown Tatar origins[66][67]
Mahienver Sultan unknown Circassian[68] Circassia
Saçbağlı Sultan unknown Circassian Circassia
Şivekar Sultan Maria Armenian[69] Armenia
Hümaşah Sultan unknown Georgian or Circassian Georgia or Circassia 1647 (legal marriage)
Hubyar Hatun
Şekerpare Hatun
Șakizula Hatun
Şekerbanu Hatun
Fülane Hatun
Fülane Hatun
Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş Sultan Evmania Voria Verzini[70][71] From the Greek[72][73] or Venetian Verzini family from the island of Crete[74][75][73][38] Rethymno, Crete, Republic of Venice Mehmed IV
Afife Hatun
Kaniye Hatun
Siyavuș Hatun
Gülbeyaz Hatun
Nezvruz Hatun
Cihanșah Hatun
Dürriye Hatun
Gülnar Hatun
Güneş Hatun
Hatice Hatun
Rukiye Hatun
Hatice Kadın Suleiman II
Behzad Kadın
İvaz Kadın
Süğlün Kadın
Şehsuvar Kadın
Zeyneb Kadın
Rabia Sultan Ahmed II
Şayeste Hatun
Alicenab Kadın Mustafa II
Afife Kadın
Saliha Sultan unknown[15] unknown,[15][73] Serbian or Greek[76][77] unknown, Serbia or Greece
Şehsuvar Sultan unknown Ukrainian,[78] Russian[15] or Serbian[79] Ukraine, Russia or Serbia
Bahtiyar Kadın
Hatice Kadın Bosnian Bosnia
Ivaz Kadın
Hüsnuşah Kadın
Emetullah Kadın Ahmed III
Emine Mihrișah Kadın unknown unknown[15] unknown
Rabia Șermi Kadın unknown unknown[15] unknown
Ayşe Mihri Behri Kadın
Hatem Hanım
Hanife Hatun
Rukiye Kadın
Fatma Hümaşah Kadın
Gülneş Kadın
Hürrem Kadın
Meyli Kadın
Hatice Kadın
Nazife Kadın
Nejat Kadın
Muslı Emine Kadın
Sadıka Kadın
Hüsnüşah Kadın
Ümmügülsüm Kadın
Zeyneb Kadın
Hace Ayşe Kadın Mahmud I
Hatem Kadın
Alicenab Kadın
Verdinaz Kadın
Hatice Rami Kadın
Tiriyal Kadın
Raziye Kadın
Meyyase Kadın
Fehmi Kadın
Sirri Kadın
Habbabe Kadın
Leyla Kadın Osman III
Zevki Kadın
Ferhunde Kadın Emine
Aynülhayat Kadın Mustafa III
Mihrişah Sultan Agnes[80] Daughter of Georgian Orthodox priest[81] Georgia
Fehmi Kadın
Rifat Kadın
Adilşah Kadın Ayşe
Binnaz Kadın
Gülnar Kadın
Ayşe Kadın Abdul Hamid I
Ruhşah Kadın
Binnaz Kadın
Nevrez Kadın
Ayşe Sineperver Sultan Sonya[82] Bulgarian,[83] Circassian or Georgian[84]
Mehtabe Kadın
Muteber Kadın
Şebsefa Fatma Kadın
Nakşidil Sultan unknown Georgian Georgia
Hümaşah Kadın
Dilpezir Kadın
Mislimayab Kadın
Mihriban Kadın
Nükhetseza Kadın
Nefizar Kadınefendi Selim III
Afitab Kadın
Zibifer Kadın
Tabısafa Kadın
Refet Kadın
Nürumşems Kadın
Hüsnümah Kadın
Demhoş Kadın
Goçenigar Kadın
Mahtube Kadın
Aynisefa Kadın
Pakize Kadın
Meryem Hatun
Şevkinür Kadın Mustafa IV
Reykidil Kadın
Dilpezir Kadın
Seyyare Kadın
Fatma Kadın Mahmud II
Alicenab Kadın
Nevfıdan Pertevpiyale Kadın 1823
Dilseza Kadın
Mislinayab Kadın
Kameri Kadın
Ebrireftar Kadın
Bezmiâlem Sultan Suzzanne Georgian[15] or Circassian[79] 1822
Aşubcan Kadın Circassian Circassia 1808
Vüslat Kadın
Zernigar Kadın 1825
Nurtab Kadın
Haciye Hoşyar Kadın 1811
Pertizfekek Kadın
Pertevniyal Sultan Besime[85] Kurd, Romanian[86] or Circassian[87] Romania 1830
Hüsnımelek Kadın
Tiryal Hanım 1826
Lebrizifelek Hanım
Servetseza Kadın Circassian Maykop, Russia 1837 Abdulmejid I
Tirimüjgan Kadın Circassian North Caucasus 1840
Düzdidil Kadın Ayşe Dişan Ubykh North Caucasus 2 October 1842
Şevkefza Sultan Mingrelian and Circassian[88] Gagra or Circassia 1 August 1839
Zeynifelek Hanım 1841
Gülcemal Kadin Bosnian Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1840
Verdicenan Kadın Saliha Açba Sukhum, Georgia 17 December 1840
Nükhetsezâ Hanım Hatice Baras 21 October 1841
Mahitab Kadın Nuriye Chechen Makhachkala, Russia 1845
Nesrin Hanım Adile Asemiani 1842
Ceylanyar Hanım Nafiye Berzeg Ubykh Sochi, Russia 1847
Nergizev Hanım Natukhai Anapa, Russia 1847
Navekmisal Hanım Biberd 1848
Bezmiara Kadın Circassian Circassia 1849 - 1852 (Legal marriage)
Nalandil Hanım Çıpakue Natukhai Anapa, Russia 1850
Şayeste Hanım İnalipa Sukhum, Georgia 1851
Serfiraz Hanım Ayşe Liah 1852
Gülüstü Hanım Fatma Çaçba Sukhum, Abkhazia August 1854
Rahıme Perestu Sultan Rahime Gogen Ubykh Sochi, Russia 20 January 1856 (Legal marriage)
Dürrünev Kadın Melek Dziapş-İpa Batumi, Georgia 20 May 1856 Abdülaziz
Edadil Kadın Aredba Adlersky, Sochi, 1861
Hayranidil Kadın Kars, Ottoman Empire 21 September 1865
Nesrin Kadın Nesrin Zevş-Barakay Ubykh North Caucasus 1868
Gevheri Kadın Emine Svatnba Gudauta, Georgia 1872
Mevhibe Kadın Mevhibe Tarkanişvili Tbilisi, Georgia 21 January 1857 Murad V
Reftarıdil Kadın Hatko 4 February 1859
Şayan Kadın Safiye Zan Natukhai Anapa, Russia 5 February 1869
Meyliservet Kadın Circassian Batumi, Georgia 8 June 1874
Resan Hanım Ayşe Artvin, Ottoman Empire 2 November 1877
Nazikeda Kadın Tsanba 1863 Abdul Hamid II
Nurefsun Kadın Circassian North Caucasus October 1868 -
26 June 1879
Bedrifelek Kadın Karzeg Natukhai Anapa, Russia 15 November 1868
Bidar Kadın Talustan Circassian Kobuleti, Adjara, Georgia 2 September 1875
Dilpesend Kadın Azize Abkhazia Tbilisi, Georgia 10 April 1884
Mezidimestan Kadın Kadriye Mikanba Gagra, Georgia 2 February 1885
Emsalinur Kadın Kaya 20 November 1885
Müşfika Kadın Ayşe Ağırba Hopa, Caucasus 12 February 1886
Sazkar Hanım Atiye Maan Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire 31 August 1890
Peyveste Hanım Rabia Emuhvari Pitsunda, 24 January 1893
Fatma Pesend Hanım Fatma Kadriye Açba Istanbul, Ottoman Empire 20 July 1896
Behice Hanım Behiye Maan Beynevi, Adapazarı, Ottoman Empire 10 May 1900
Saliha Naciye Hanım Zeliha Ankuap Georgian Yukarı Ihsaniye, Bartın, Ottoman Empire 4 November 1904
Kamures Kadın Ubykh 30 September 1872 Mehmed V
Dürrüaden Kadın Hatice Voçibe Circassian Caucasus 10 October 1876
Mihrengiz Kadın Fatma Ubykh Sochi, Russia 4 April 1887
Nazperver Kadın Emine Çikotua Istanbul, Ottoman Empire 1888
Dilfirib Kadın Circassian Istanbul, Ottoman Empire 1907
Nazikeda Kadın Emine Marşan 8 June 1885 Mehmed VI
Inşirah Hanım Seniye Voçibe Ubykh Maşukiye, Ottoman Empire 8 July 1905
Müveddet Kadın Şadiye Çıhcı Derbent, Russia 24 April 1911
Nevvare Hanım Ayşe Çıhcı Derbent, Russia 20 June 1918 -
20 May 1924
Nevzad Hanım Nimet Bargu Albanian Istanbul, Ottoman Empire 1 September 1921

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.
  2. ^ a b c Emecen, Feridun. "MAL HATUN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ Kepecioğlu, Kâmil. "Bursa Kütüğü" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ a b c Sakaoğlu, Necdet. Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları (in Turkish). Oğlak Yayınları.
  5. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89—90.
  6. ^ a b Alderson 1956, table XXIV (note 6).
  7. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89.
  8. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 88—89.
  9. ^ a b Lowry 2012, p. 153.
  10. ^ Süreyya, 1 Cild 1996, p. 15.
  11. ^ Akyıldız 2012, p. 494.
  12. ^ Emecen 1996, p. 230.
  13. ^ Babinger 1992, p. 52.
  14. ^ Alderson 1956, table XXVII (note. 9).
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Alderson 1956, p. 83.
  16. ^ Ilya V. Zaytsev, The Structure of the Giray Dynasty (15th–16th centuries): Matrimonial and Kinship Relations of the Crimean Khans in Elena Vladimirovna Boĭkova, R. B. Rybakov (ed.), Kinship in the Altaic World: Proceedings of the 48th Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Moscow 10–15 July 2005, p. 341
  17. ^ Frantz, Sarah S. G.; Selinger, Eric Murphy (2014). New Approaches to Popular Romance Fiction: Critical Essays. McFarland. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-7864-8967-1.
  18. ^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Publications. p. 148. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6. (Her name is given as "Hafsa bint-i Abdü'l-Muin" in Kitâbeler by İ. H. Uzunçarşılı. This shows that she was of non-Turkish origin, and later converted to Islam. The assertions that she was daughter of Meñli_I_Giray of the Crimean_Khanate was never proven even though one of the wives of Selim I, namely Ayşe Hatun, was the real daughter of Meñli_I_Giray.)
  19. ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 199.
  20. ^ a b c d Peirce 2017, p. 101.
  21. ^ a b Peirce 1993, p. 55.
  22. ^ Iorga 1909, p. 344.
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  33. ^ Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
  34. ^ Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
  35. ^ Altun, Mustafa (2019). Yüzyıl Dönümünde Bir Valide Sultan: Safiye Sultan'ın Hayatı ve Eserleri. pp. 20–21.
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Sources

Further reading

  • Açba-Ançabadze, Leyla, Fürstin: Harem Hatıraları, Timaş Yayınları, Istanbul 2010.
  • Afife Rezzemaza: Saray'dan Sürgüne, Istanbul 2013
  • Aredba, Rumeysa, Fürstin: Sultan Vahdeddin'in San Remo Günleri, Istanbul 2009
  • Bardakçı, Murat: Şahbaba. Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1998.
  • Mislimelek, Prinzessin: Saray'dan Sürgüne Bir Osmanlı Prensesi, Istanbul 2012 (Memoiren der Nichte von Emine Nazikeda und Schwiegertochter von Sultan Abdulhamit II.)
  • Öztuna, Yılmaz: İslam Devletleri. Istanbul 1989 (Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Band 2).
  • Uluçay, Çağatay: Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ankara 1992
  • Ünüvar, Safiye: Saray Hatıraları, Istanbul 1965
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