Ottoman General Staff
| General Staff of the Ottoman Empire | |
|---|---|
| Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umûmiye Riyaseti (Turkish) | |
| Active | 1880–1922 |
| Country | Ottoman Empire |
| Allegiance | Serasker (until 1908) Ministry of War (after 1908) |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | General staff |
| Role |
|
| Part of | |
| Headquarters | Ministry of War Beyazıt, Istanbul |
| Colors | Red, White |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | |
The General Staff of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: Erkân-ı Harbiye-i Umûmiye Riyaseti) was the title held by the highest-ranking officer in the Ottoman Army after the Minister of War between 1880 and 1922. In terms of duties and responsibilities, the office was subordinated to the office of the Serasker between 1880 and 1908, and to the Ministry of War between 1808 and 1922.[1] The office attained an autonomous structure from 1908 onwards. The institution was officially abolished in 1922 with the liquidation of the Istanbul government.
Chiefs of the General Staff
| No. | Portrait | Chiefs of the General Staff | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1864–1937) | 23 July 1908 | 11 June 1913 | 4 years, 323 days | |
| 2 | Mehmed Hâdî Pasha (1861–1932) | 11 June 1913 | 3 January 1914 | 206 days | |
| 3 | Enver Pasha (1881–1922) | 3 January 1914 | 14 October 1918 | 4 years, 284 days | |
| (1) | Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1864–1937) | 14 October 1918 | 3 November 1918 | 20 days | |
| 4 | Cevat Pasha (1870–1938) | 3 November 1918 | 24 December 1918 | 51 days | |
| 5 | Fevzi Pasha (1876–1950) | 24 December 1918 | 14 May 1919 | 141 days | |
| (4) | Cevat Pasha (1870–1938) | 14 May 1919 | 2 August 1919 | 80 days | |
| (2) | Mehmed Hâdî Pasha (1861–1932) | 2 August 1919 | 12 September 1919 | 41 days | |
| 6 | Fuat Pasha | 12 September 1919 | 9 October 1919 | 27 days | |
| (4) | Cevat (Çobanlı) Pasha (1870–1938) | 9 October 1919 | 16 February 1920 | 130 days | |
| 7 | Shevket Turgut Pasha (1862–1924) | 16 February 1920 | 2 May 1920 | 76 days | |
| (2) | Mehmed Hâdî Pasha (1861–1932) | 2 May 1920 | 13 May 1920 | 11 days | |
| 8 | Abuk Ahmed Pasha (1857–1923) | 13 May 1920 | 23 October 1920 | 163 days | |
| 9 | Zeki (Kolaç) Pasha (1862–1943) | 23 October 1920 | 4 November 1922 | 2 years, 12 days |
References
Bibliography
- Efe, İsmail (2015). "1914 Yılı Başından Birinci Dünya Savaşı'na Orduyu Modernleştirme Çabaları Ve Türk-Alman İttifakı". Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (in Turkish). DergiPark. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- Kara, Hidayet (2020). Sultan II. Abülhamid dönemi Osmanlı Kara Ordusu (1876-1908) (in Turkish). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. ISBN 9789751744463.