Oreobates quixensis
| Oreobates quixensis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Strabomantidae |
| Genus: | Oreobates |
| Species: | O. quixensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Oreobates quixensis, also known as the common big-headed frog, is a species of frog in the family Strabomantidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in Bolivia, western Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.[2] It is a very common terrestrial frog of primary and secondary tropical moist forest, also to be found in clearings, open areas and banana groves.[1]
Description
Oreobates quixensis are large among the species of the genus Oreobates with adults measuring 35–63 mm (1.4–2.5 in) in snout–vent length. The head is large and wider than long; the snout is short. The dorsum is pale brown to dark brown with purple tonalities and cream flecks; the skin is granular, with round keratinized granules and small, sparse, prominent, and enlarged warts.[3] Breeding is by direct development. Gravid females contain 15–51 eggs.[1]
Taxonomy
Phylogenomic analysis in 2021 revealed that O. quixensis is closely related to Oreobates saxatilis.[4] The study found the two species to be mutually polyphyletic, meaning individuals of one species are sometimes genetically closer to the other than to their own kind. This suggests either recent divergence, historical gene flow, or that current morphological definitions do not perfectly match their genetic evolutionary history.
References
- ^ a b c Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, Ariadne Angulo, Fernando Castro, Jose Vicente Rueda (2004). "Oreobates quixensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004 e.T57105A11579455. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57105A11579455.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2022). "Oreobates quixensis Jiménez de la Espada, 1872". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
- ^ Padial, José M.; Chaparro, Juan C.; De La Riva, Ignacio (2008). "Systematics of Oreobates and the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Amphibia, Anura), based on two mitochondrial DNA genes and external morphology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 152 (4): 737–773. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x.
- ^ Montero-Mendieta, Santiago; De la Riva, Ignacio; Irisarri, Iker; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Webster, Matthew T.; Vilà, Carles (2021). "Phylogenomics and evolutionary history of Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) — Neotropical frogs along elevational gradients". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 161 107167. Bibcode:2021MolPE.16107167M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107167. PMID 33798672.