Orbaneja del Castillo

Orbaneja del Castillo
Orbaneja del Castillo
Minor local entity
	Map credit Orbaneja del Castillo Map credit Orbaneja del Castillo Map credit Orbaneja del Castillo
	Coordinates: 42°50′6″N 3°47′37″W / 42.83500°N 3.79361°W
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Castile and León
Province	Province of Burgos
Municipality	Valle de Sedano
Elevation	713 m (2,339 ft)
Population
• Total	47

Orbaneja del Castillo is a town and minor local entity located in the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León (Spain), in the Páramos region. Administratively, it belongs to the municipality of Valle de Sedano, although it was traditionally an independent enclave. As of 2020, it has a population of 47.^[2]

Geography

Orbaneja del Castillo is a town located on the border with Cantabria, situated between the municipality of Valderredible in Cantabria and Escalada (Burgos). It is located 67 km north of Burgos.

It is characterized by its karst landscape shaped by water. The Cueva del Agua (Water Cave) has attracted the interest of various scholars of geology and related sciences. But there are also other lesser-known caves such as the Nispero Cave and the Barbancho Cave. A stream flows out of it, crossing the town before cascading down into the Ebro River, which passes nearby.

Tuff is also present, notable for several factors and its high content of diverse materials.^[3] This characteristic is shared with other nearby towns such as Tubilla del Agua.

Roads

Starting from the N-623 at Escalada (Burgos), the road BU-643 leads to Orbaneja. Then continue towards Villaescusa de Ebro on the CA-275 road, which leads to Polientes.

Toponym

According to the linguist Edelmiro Bascuas, the toponym "Orbaneja" comes from the stem *orw-, derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *er-, meaning "to flow, to move." ^[4]

History

Loquat Cave

Located Located approximately 90 metres above the Ebro riverbed and the Horca Menor stream, this cave was occupied at least twice; once during the Epipaleolithic period. These occupations have been used to analyze the fauna, lithic industry, and other materials of the people who inhabited this area. ^[5]

Middle Ages

The current town originated in the Middle Ages. Its name makes it clear that there was once a castle.

Mozarabs from Al-Andalus lived there. It was a town with a Jewish quarter (aljama), the memory of which remains in the street names.

The Knights Templar built the Hospital of San Albín.

The Catholic Monarchs granted it the title of town.

This town was included within the Diocese of Santander, in the archpriestship of Cejancas, along with Turzo, Bricia, Cilleruelo de Bricia, and other towns in the surrounding area.^[6]

References

^ Mapa de Orbaneja del Castillo, Valle de Sedano, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León
^ "Nomenclátor: Población del Padrón Continuo por Unidad Poblacional" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (España). Retrieved 25 September 2021.
^ (Alberto González Díez (coordinator): "Advances in Geomorphology in Spain, 2012. Proceedings of the XII National Meeting of Geomorphology.") Santander, September 17-20, 2012. Santander: Publican-Ediciones de la Universidad de Cantabria, 2012. p. 402. ISBN 978-84-86116-54-4.
^ Bascuas, Edelmiro (2006), Hydronymy and Lexicon of Paleo-European Origin in Galicia, A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro, p. 119, ISBN 978-8484852223
^ Jesús Jiménez Guijarro: Hunters and farmers: the Neolithization of the interior of the Iberian Peninsula. pp. 137-140. According to S. Corchón, these occupations are “closely related to the typological and cultural developments of the neighboring provinces of Álava and Navarre”. Mª S. Corchón Rodríguez: Data on the Epipaleolithic in the Northern Plateau: The Níspero Cave (Burgos). Zephyrus, XLI-XLII: 83
^ José Luis Zubieta Irún: Historical Geography of the Diocese of Santander. Santander: Publican – University of Cantabria, 2008. P 169. ISBN 978-84-8102-523-1. * In 1827, Sebastián Miñano y Bedoya specified that it had 38 households, 160 inhabitants, and produced wheat, barley, rye, vetch, legumes, and all kinds of fruit. Sebastián Miñano y Bedoya: Geographical-Statistical Dictionary of Spain and Portugal. Volume VI. Madrid: Pierart-Peralta Printing Press, 1827. P. 331

[1] Mapa de Orbaneja del Castillo, Valle de Sedano, Provincia de Burgos, Castilla y León

[2] "Nomenclátor: Población del Padrón Continuo por Unidad Poblacional" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (España). Retrieved 25 September 2021.

[3] (Alberto González Díez (coordinator): "Advances in Geomorphology in Spain, 2012. Proceedings of the XII National Meeting of Geomorphology.") Santander, September 17-20, 2012. Santander: Publican-Ediciones de la Universidad de Cantabria, 2012. p. 402. ISBN 978-84-86116-54-4.

[4] Bascuas, Edelmiro (2006), Hydronymy and Lexicon of Paleo-European Origin in Galicia, A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro, p. 119, ISBN 978-8484852223

[5] Jesús Jiménez Guijarro: Hunters and farmers: the Neolithization of the interior of the Iberian Peninsula. pp. 137-140. According to S. Corchón, these occupations are “closely related to the typological and cultural developments of the neighboring provinces of Álava and Navarre”. Mª S. Corchón Rodríguez: Data on the Epipaleolithic in the Northern Plateau: The Níspero Cave (Burgos). Zephyrus, XLI-XLII: 83

[6] José Luis Zubieta Irún: Historical Geography of the Diocese of Santander. Santander: Publican – University of Cantabria, 2008. P 169. ISBN 978-84-8102-523-1. * In 1827, Sebastián Miñano y Bedoya specified that it had 38 households, 160 inhabitants, and produced wheat, barley, rye, vetch, legumes, and all kinds of fruit. Sebastián Miñano y Bedoya: Geographical-Statistical Dictionary of Spain and Portugal. Volume VI. Madrid: Pierart-Peralta Printing Press, 1827. P. 331

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