Omphalolith
| Omphalolith | |
|---|---|
| Other names | umbolith, omphalith, navel stone, umbilical concretion |
| Specialty | Dermatology, General Medicine |
| Complications | Irritation, bleeding, infection |
| Usual onset | Elderly |
| Causes | Poor hygiene |
| Risk factors | Age, obesity |
| Differential diagnosis | Melanoma, keloids, endometriosis, dermatofibroma, cholesteatoma, foreign bodies, persistent omphalomesenteric duct. |
| Treatment | Removal |
An omphalolith, also known as a umbolith, omphalith,[1] navel stone,[2] omphalokeratolith,[3] or umbilical concretion[4] is a periumbilical mass that may form due to the accumulation of sebum and keratin.[5] The colour is black or brown, and may be related to the skin type of the patient.[2] It may be caused by poor hygiene,[6]: 121 and may form in retracted navels in obese people.[4] It is more common in the elderly and may persist for years.[3]
Omphaloliths can be diagnosed by clinical examination and should be distinguished from metastatic malignancy, malignant melanoma, keloids, umbilical endometriosis, dermatofibroma, cholesteatoma, foreign bodies like terminal hairs (trichobezoar), and persistent omphalomesenteric duct. They may be complicated by irritation, erosions, bleeding, and infection. Removal can be accomplished by forceps, perhaps with a lubricant such as petroleum jelly.[3]
Etymology
The name was derived from the Greek words omphalos (ομφαλός) 'navel' and lithos (λίθος) 'stone'.[4]
References
- ^ Ichiki, Y.; Kitajima, Y. (April 17, 2009). "Omphalith". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 34 (3): 420–421. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02959.x. PMID 19120385. S2CID 221545259.
- ^ a b Plewig, Gerd; Kligman, Albert M. (April 17, 2000). "Omphalolith: The Ugly Navel Stone". In Plewig, Gerd; Kligman, Albert M. (eds.). ACNE and ROSACEA. Springer. p. 553. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59715-2_72. ISBN 978-3-642-59715-2 – via Springer Link.
- ^ a b c Jouini, Wafa; Litaiem, Noureddine; Zaimi, Yosra; Mouelhi, Leila; Debbeche, Radhouane; Zeglaoui, Faten (October 11, 2022). "Omphalolith: An underdiagnosed entity". Clinical Case Reports. 10 (10) e6443. doi:10.1002/ccr3.6443. ISSN 2050-0904. PMC 9552982. PMID 36245467.
- ^ a b c Mihara, Kip (November 17, 2016). "Omphalolith: An Umbilical Concretion to Recognize". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 31 (11): 1396. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3708-0. PMC 5071274. PMID 27114363.
- ^ Kumar, Sampath K. L.; Reddy, C. Obula; Reddy, Keertinmayee (June 17, 2011). "Omphalolith". The Indian Journal of Surgery. 73 (3): 238–239. doi:10.1007/s12262-010-0143-z. PMC 3087053. PMID 22654343.
- ^ Houghton, Andrew R.; Gray, David (2010-05-28). Chamberlain's Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Medicine, An Introduction to Medical Diagnosis. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4822-1378-2.