List of oldest stars

The age of the oldest known stars approaches the age of the universe, about 13.8 billion years. Some of these are among the first stars from reionization (the stellar dawn), ending the Dark Ages about 370,000 years after the Big Bang.[1] This list includes stars older than 12 billion years, or about 87% of the age of the universe.

List

Name Age
(billions of years) 		Mass (M☉) Distance (ly) Location Notes
HD 140283 14.2±0.4[2] 0.75[2] 200.5[3] Milky Way halo Agrees with the age of the Universe within one standard deviation.[2]
2MASS J22132050-5137385 13.6±2.6 0.80±0.08 6,560+260
−330 		Milky Way [4]
2MASS J18082002−5104378 13.53[5][6] ~0.8 1,950 Milky Way thin disk
SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 13.4[7] ~0.75 6,000 Milky Way halo or Globular clusters
TOI-157[8] 12.82+0.73
−1.40 		0.948+0.023
−0.018 		1,181±9 Milky Way Has one exoplanet
PSR B1620−26 12.7–11.2[9] 1.35 12,400 Globular cluster Messier 4 Host star of one of the oldest exoplanets.
Gliese 414 12.4±5.2[10] 0.65 38.7 Milky Way disk Host two exoplanets
BD+44 493[11] 12.1–13.2 0.83+0.09
−0.05 		666.3+3.59
−3.26 		Milky Way disk
HR 5455 12±1[12] 1.32±0.05 87.7

References

  1. ^ Barkana, Rennan (1 March 2018). "Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars". Nature. 555 (7694): 71–74. arXiv:1803.06698. Bibcode:2018Natur.555...71B. doi:10.1038/nature25791. PMID 29493590. S2CID 4391544.
  2. ^ a b c Lundkvist, M. S.; Larsen, J. R.; Li, Y.; Winther, M. L.; Bedding, T. R.; Kjeldsen, H.; White, T. R.; Nielsen, M. B.; Buldgen, G. (13 October 2025). "Asteroseismic investigation of HD 140283: The Methuselah star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv:2510.11532.
  3. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  4. ^ Roederer, Ian U.; Beers, Timothy C.; Hattori, Kohei; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Ezzeddine, Rana; Frebel, Anna; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Sakari, Charli M. (1 August 2024). "The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J22132050–5137385, the Star with the Highest-known r-process Enhancement at [Eu/Fe] = +2.45". The Astrophysical Journal. 971 (2): 158. arXiv:2406.02691. Bibcode:2024ApJ...971..158R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad57bf. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Thompson, Ian B.; Casey, Andrew R. (5 November 2018). "An ultra metal-poor star near the hydrogen-burning limit". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (2): 98. arXiv:1811.00549. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867...98S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aadd97. S2CID 54511945.
  6. ^ "One of Milky Way's oldest stars discovered". SciNews.com. 6 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  7. ^ Ishigaki, Miho N.; Tominaga, Nozomu; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'ichi (2014). "Faint Population III supernovae as the origin of the most iron-poor stars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 792 (2): L32. arXiv:1404.4817. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792L..32I. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/2/L32. S2CID 119012372.
  8. ^ Nielsen, L. D.; Brahm, R.; Bouchy, F.; Espinoza, N.; Turner, O.; Rappaport, S.; Pearce, L.; Ricker, G.; Vanderspek, R.; Latham, D. W.; Seager, S.; Winn, J. N.; Jenkins, J. M.; Acton, J. S.; Bakos, G. (July 2020). "Three short-period Jupiters from TESS: HIP 65Ab, TOI-157b, and TOI-169b". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 639: A76. arXiv:2003.05932. Bibcode:2020A&A...639A..76N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037941. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ Lacki, Brian C.; Brzycki, Bryan; Croft, Steve; Czech, Daniel; DeBoer, David; DeMarines, Julia; Gajjar, Vishal; Isaacson, Howard; Lebofsky, Matt; MacMahon, David H. E.; Price, Danny C.; Sheikh, Sofia Z.; Siemion, Andrew P. V.; Drew, Jamie; Worden, S. Pete (1 December 2021). "One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 42. arXiv:2006.11304. Bibcode:2021ApJS..257...42L. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a. ISSN 0067-0049.
  10. ^ Dedrick, Cayla M.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Knutson, Heather A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Cargile, Phillip A.; Gaudi, B. Scott; Hirsch, Lea A.; Kuhn, Rudolf B.; Lund, Michael B.; James, David J.; Kosiarek, Molly R.; Pepper, Joshua; Petigura, Erik A.; Rodriguez, Joseph E. (1 February 2021). "Two Planets Straddling the Habitable Zone of the Nearby K Dwarf Gl 414A". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (2): 86. arXiv:2009.06503. Bibcode:2021AJ....161...86D. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd0ef. ISSN 0004-6256.
  11. ^ Placco, Vinicius M.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Almeida-Fernandes, Felipe; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Rajagopal, Jayadev; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Roederer, Ian U.; John Della Costa; Fernandez, Pipa; Golub, Eli; Higuera, Jesus; Patel, Yatrik; Ridgway, Susan; Schweiker, Heidi (2024). "BD+44 493: Chemo-Dynamical Analysis and Constraints on Companion Planetary Masses from WIYN/NEID Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 977 (1): 12. arXiv:2410.08943. Bibcode:2024ApJ...977...12P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8646.
  12. ^ Fuhrmann, Klaus; Chini, Rolf (21 October 2017). "On the ancient field blue straggler HR 5455". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (2): 1888–1891. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1784. ISSN 0035-8711.
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