Nova Friburgo

Nova Friburgo
Municipality
Municipality of Nova Friburgo
Flag
Coat of arms
Location in Rio de Janeiro state
Nova Friburgo
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 22°16′55″S 42°31′52″W / 22.28194°S 42.53111°W / -22.28194; -42.53111
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State Rio de Janeiro
Government
 • MayorJohnny Maycon (Liberal Party (PL))
Area
 • Total
933 km2 (360 sq mi)
Population
 (2022[1])
 • Total
189,939
 • Density204/km2 (527/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−3 (BRT)
HDI (2010)0.745 – high[2]

Nova Friburgo (Portuguese: [ˈnɔvɐ fɾiˈbuʁɡu]; German: Neufreiburg [nɔʏˈfʁaɪbʊʁk]; English: "New Fribourg"), commonly referred to as just Friburgo, is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, 136 km (85 mi) from the capital Rio de Janeiro. The town is 846 m (2,776 ft) above sea level, with a population of 189,939 (2022) and its area is 933 km2.[1]

History

Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado Purí Indians.[3][4] In 1818, King John VI was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a planned settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. A royal decree of May 1818, authorized the Canton of Fribourg of Switzerland,[5] to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in Cantagalo District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country.

Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families, in total 1,458 immigrants. It was named Nova Friburgo (New Fribourg) by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families.

Following the Independence of Brazil in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting European colonization. Eighty German families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of Bahia, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.[6] Similar arrivals of Italians, Portuguese and a minority of Syrians led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.

In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo. Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the relative proximity to Niterói and Rio de Janeiro and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.

Nova Friburgo was affected by the 2011 Brazilian floods on 11 January with mudslides causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil. The population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas.[7][8]

Geography

Nova Friburgo lies in the mountainous region of the Serra do Mar, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.[9] The Bengalas and rio Grande rivers all flow through or near the city.[10][11] Its neighboring municipalities are: Cachoeiras de Macacu, Silva Jardim, Casimiro de Abreu, Macaé, Trajano de Morais, Bom Jardim, Duas Barras, Sumidouro, and Teresópolis.[12]

According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the city has a total area of 360 square miles (933 km2), all land.[1]

Climate

Nova Friburgo has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers. Annual average temperature is 19 °C (66 °F). The hottest temperature ever recorded was 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) on 15 October 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was −1.1 °C (30.0 °F) on 8 August 2014.[13] [14]

Climate data for Nova Friburgo (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 27.9
(82.2) 		28.5
(83.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.1
(79.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.1
(77.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		13.0
(55.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		9.9
(49.8) 		10.8
(51.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.0
(62.6) 		14.5
(58.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 232.1
(9.14) 		165.2
(6.50) 		154.6
(6.09) 		61.4
(2.42) 		39.8
(1.57) 		32.3
(1.27) 		24.7
(0.97) 		23.7
(0.93) 		52.4
(2.06) 		86.3
(3.40) 		186.1
(7.33) 		221.2
(8.71) 		1,279.8
(50.39)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14 11 11 7 5 5 4 3 5 9 12 14 100
Average relative humidity (%) 77 78 78 82 82 83 83 81 80 81 80 80 80
Mean monthly sunshine hours 153.2 136.6 157.3 133.2 158.7 132.0 149.1 166.1 139.4 97.3 109.2 143.5 1,675.6
Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (precipitation, humidity and sun 1961–1990)[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Demographics

2022 census

As of the census of 2022, there were 189.939 people in the city. The population density was 20,305 inhabitants per square mile (7,839.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 66.3% White, 9.9% Black, 23,6% mixed-race (Pardo), 0.16% Yellow and 0.7% Indigenous.[22]

There are 55,632 households in the city, of which 45.2% had children, distributed as follows: 17,679 no children, but with relatives, 22,061 with children, 1,364 with children and relatives, 1,789 female-headed without spouses but with children, 1,239 male-headed without spouses but with children, 379 male-headed without a spouse, but with children and relatives, and 4,188 other types of households[22]

The median age in the city was 40 years.[1] About 30.56% of the population was between 0 and 14 years old, and 40.43% was 60 years or older.[23]

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 182.082 people in the city.[23]

Economy

The municipality contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic of conservation units, created in 2006.[24]

Textiles, clothing, and metalworking are the predominant industries in Nova Friburgo.[25] Craft brewing represents the fastest growing portion of Nova Friburgo's employer base.[26]

The city’s main commercial and economic hub is Alberto Braune Avenue, renowned as a hub for shopping, businesses, banks and bustling activity. The avenue is home to the city’s highest concentration of shops.[27][28][29]

One of the main shopping centres is Cadima Shopping, located in the city centre; it is one of the busiest in the region and opened in 1998. It is home to major retailers and brands such as Lojas Americanas, Casa e Video, Renner, Burger King, Cacau Show, Giraffas and Subway.[30] Another shopping centre is Friburgo Shopping, located in the same neighbourhood and opened in 1997. It houses major retailers and brands such as McDonald’s, Bob’s and Burger King.[31]

Tourism

The main attractions of the city are:

  • Alpine-style architecture of the buildings of MuryShopping, the Bucsky and Garlipp hotels and the restaurant Bräun & Bräun
  • "Casa Suiça" (the Swiss House)
  • Cheese-making school FRIALP
  • District of Lumiar
  • District of São Pedro da Serra
  • Encontro dos Rios (merging of rivers Macaé and Bonito)
  • Gastronomic center, in the district of Mury
  • Getulio Vargas Square
  • Marcilio Dias Square, which marks the beginning of the settlement, for it is the area where the first Germans camped, coming from Europe
  • Nova Friburgo Country Club
  • Park of Furnas do Catete, with the Cão Sentado (Sitting Dog) Stone
  • Pedra Riscada (scratched stone)
  • Saint John Baptist Cathedral
  • Suspiro Square, with the biggest chairlift of the country
  • The municipality contains 19% of the 46,350 hectares (114,500 acres) Três Picos State Park, created in 2002.[32]

Media

Signals from several free-to-air television stations are available, including SBT Interior RJ, Band Rio Interior and InterTV Serramar (TV Globo).[33] The A Voz da Serra is Nova Friburgo's local newspaper, founded in April 7, 1945.[34]

The Rádio Friburgo is the first radio station of the city, since 1946.[35]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Panoroma IBGE". cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ Os índios de Sumidouro. Available in http://sumidouro.chez.com/indios.htm. Access on 9 September 2012.
  4. ^ Nova Friburgo entra para a história. Available in http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/specials/Suicos_do_estrangeiro/Nova_Friburgo_entra_para_a_historia.html?cid=875208. Access on 9 September 2012.
  5. ^ "Schweizer Auswanderer und ihre Liebe zur Heimat". Blog zur Schweizer Geschichte - Schweizerisches Nationalmuseum (in German). 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  6. ^ "Histórico: Comunidade Luterana de Nova Friburgo" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 September 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  7. ^ "Death toll mounts from flooding in Rio de Janeiro state". BBC News. BBC. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2011.
  8. ^ Tom Phillips (14 January 2011). "Brazil Landslides Death Toll Rises". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  9. ^ Pereira Duarte, Fernanda Regina (2009). "NOVA FRIBURGO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE IDENTIDADE URBANÍSTICA" (PDF). Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  10. ^ Minas, Do G1 Sul de (15 January 2013). "Aumento de nível dos rios deixa cidades em estado de atenção". Sul de Minas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 March 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "Para onde vão as águas de Nova Friburgo?". Jornal A Voz da Serra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 February 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  12. ^ "A cidade". Nova Friburgo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Prefeitura Municipal de Nova Friburgo. Archived from the original on 14 December 2025. Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  13. ^ "Friburgo, RJ, registra a temperatura mais baixa dos últimos quatro anos". 8 August 2014.
  14. ^ "Saiba quais foram as maiores temperaturas já registradas em Friburgo e Teresópolis".
  15. ^ "Normais Climatológicas Do Brasil 1981–2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)" (in Portuguese). Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. 1961–1990. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Número de Dias com Precipitação Mayor ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  18. ^ "Insolação Total (horas)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  19. ^ "Umidade Relativa do Ar Média Compensada (%)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  20. ^ "Temperatura Máxima Absoluta (°C)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  21. ^ "Temperatura Mínima Absoluta (°C)". Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  22. ^ a b "Panorama do Censo 2022". Panorama do Censo 2022 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  23. ^ a b "Pesquisa Censo 2010". cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 9 March 2026.
  24. ^ Costa, Cláudia; Lamas, Ivana; Fernandes, Rosan (December 2010), Planejamento Estratégico do Mosaico Central Fluminense (PDF) (in Portuguese), Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica, p. 13, archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2016, retrieved 2 October 2016
  25. ^ "A cidade". Nova Friburgo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  26. ^ "'Reage Rio': Nova Friburgo dá uma guinada na economia e sai mais rapidamente da crise". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 15 October 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  27. ^ "IBGE | Biblioteca". IBGE | Biblioteca (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  28. ^ "IBGE | Biblioteca". IBGE | Biblioteca (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  29. ^ "Projeto de lei prevê revitalização da Avenida Alberto Braune". Jornal A Voz da Serra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2 May 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  30. ^ "25 anos Cadima Shopping: o maior shopping da região revitaliza seus espaços". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 22 November 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  31. ^ "Friburgo Shopping". ACIANF (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 13 March 2026.
  32. ^ PES dos Três Picos (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 3 October 2016{{citation}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  33. ^ "NOVA FRIBURGO/RJ - PORTAL BSD". portalbsd.com.br. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  34. ^ "A Voz da Serra 80 Anos". Jornal A Voz da Serra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 6 April 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  35. ^ "História da antiga Rádio Friburgo se transforma em museu virtual". Jornal A Voz da Serra (in Brazilian Portuguese). 14 July 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
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