North Korea–Turkey relations
North Korea |
Turkey |
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North Korea–Turkey relations (Korean:뛰르끼예-조선민주주의 인민공화국 관계) are the foreign relations between North Korea and Turkey. The Turkish ambassador in Seoul is accredited to North Korea.[1] North Korea's ambassador in Sofia, Bulgaria is accredited to Turkey.[1]
Turkey supported South Korea against North Korea during the Korean War. The two countries have a limited relationship, as Turkey maintains close ties with South Korea and supports sanctions against North Korea and a denuclearised Korean Peninsula.[2]
Diplomatic relations
Early contacts between the Koreans and Turks can be traced back to antiquity, when the Göktürks had supported ancient Goguryeo, a Korean kingdom, during their expansion and also assisted them against Tang Chinese forces. As both Göktürks and Goguryeo were threatened by the Tang dynasty of China, they formed a political, economic, and military alliance.[3][4][5] Göktürk soldiers assisted Goguryeo in many battles, including in the war against Silla, another Korean kingdom, and Tang China; this alliance went on extended to the Balhae as well.[6][7][8] Commerce and correspondence was also maintained through the ancient Silk Road after a part of the ancient Oghuz Turks migrated westward and settled in the lands of Anatolia (today Turkey).[9]
Until 2001,[10] North Korea's post-World War II policy toward Turkey was mainly aimed at minimizing cooperation between Turkey and South Korea.[11] In a quest to end its diplomatic and economic isolation,[12] North Korea established diplomatic relations on June 27, 2001.[1] When the Bush administration determined that North Korea was in violation of the 1994 agreement on North Korea's nuclear weapons program,[13][14] bilateral relations between the two nations have been very limited.[13]
Economic relations
There was some level of trade volume between Turkey and North Korea from 2019-2020 according to Trading Economics, though are not considered especially significant.
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ "Relations between Türkiye and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea / Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.mfa.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2025-05-18.
- ^ Korea & Turkey
- ^ Gyebaek (계백, 階伯) (d. 660)
- ^ Tarihin En Şaşırtıcı Savaşı: Salsu Zaferi ve Türk-Kore Dostluğunun Temelleri
- ^ Korean History in Maps
- ^ Turkish-Korean brotherhood
- ^ Second Forum of “Gokturk and Goguryeo Relations” in Seoul
- ^ Turkish art shines light on ties with Korea
- ^ A Comprehensive Handbook on Korea: Korea Annual 2004. 41st ed. Seoul: Yonhap News Agency, 2003.
- ^ Yun, Dae-Ho. North Korea s Foreign Policy. Seoul: Research Center for Peace and Unification of Korea, 1991.
- ^ Noland, Marcus. "Life Inside North Korea." Testimony before U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, June 5, 2003. http://foreignsenate.gov/testimony/2003/NolandTestimony030605.pdf.
- ^ a b United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. North Korea: Status Report on Nuclear Program, Humanitarian Issues, and Economic Reforms. 108th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, DC: GPO, 2004. http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2004/ DPRKTripReport.pdf.
- ^ Wit, Joel, Daniel Poneman, and Robert Gallucci. Going Critical: The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2004.