Neoncicola

Neoncicola
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Archiacanthocephala
Order: Oligacanthorhynchida
Family: Oligacanthorhynchidae
Genus: Neoncicola
Schmidt, 1972

Neoncicola is a genus of parasitic worms containing nine species and belongs to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.[1]

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic analyses have been conducted on Oncicola, a genus morphologically nearly identical to Neoncicola and Pachysentis apart from the number of hooks on the proboscis, and have also placed it in the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.[2]

Archiacanthocephala
Archiacanthocephala
Phylogenetic reconstruction for select species in the class Archiacanthocephala based on a 28S rRNA gene comparison from Gomes et. al (2019) and a 18S rDNA gene comparison from Amin and colleagues (2020).[2][3] Amin and colleagues (2022) used the 18S rDNA gene and ITS1-5.8-ITS2 region of ribosomal RNA comparisons to add P. canicola phylogenetically to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.

Description

The distinguishing characteristic separating Neoncicola from these similar genera is that it possesses 30 hooks, as opposed to 36 for Oncicola and more than 36 for Pachysentis.[4]

Species

There are nine species in the genus Neoncicola.[5][6][a]

  • Neoncicola artibei Smales, 2007[7]

N. artibei was found infesting the Great fruit-eating bat (Artibeus lituratus). The species was named after the genus of the host, Artibeus.[7]

  • Neoncicola avicola (Travassos, 1917)[8]

N. avicola was originally described from specimens found in the Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) in Brazil. Despite the name avicola (meaning "bird-dweller"), it is an atypical member of a genus usually found in mammals.[8]

  • Neoncicola bursata (Meyer, 1931)[9]

N. bursata was identified in the South American coati (Nasua nasua) and the Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). It is primarily distributed across Central and South America.[9]

  • Neoncicola curvata (von Linstow, 1897)[10]

N. curvata was originally described from the European polecat (Mustela putorius) in Russia (Leningrad region, present day St. Petersburg). This species is known to infect various small carnivores across Eurasia.[10]

  • Neoncicola novellae (Parona, 1890)[11]

N. novellae was collected from the Artiodactyl hosts in Ethiopia (formerly Abyssinia). It is one of the few species in this genus recorded from Africa.[11]

  • Neoncicola pintoi (Machado-Filho, 1950)[12]

N. pintoi was recovered from the Molina's hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus chinga) in Brazil. It was originally placed in the genus Pachysentis before being reassigned.[12]

  • Neoncicola potosi (Machado-Filho, 1950)[12]

N. potosi is named after its host genus Potos. It was found infesting the Kinkajou (Potos flavus) in Brazil and Panama.[12]

  • Neoncicola skrjabini (Morosow, 1951)[13]

N. skrjabini was found in the Gray wolf (Canis lupus) within the former USSR.[13]

Hosts

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. The intermediate host of M. myrmecobius is inferred to be termites, the main diet of the numbat.[16] When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor are passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There are no known paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Neoncicola.[17]

Neoncicola has been found parasitizing bats.[7] There are no reported cases of Neoncicola infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[15]

Notes

  1. ^ A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than the present genus.
  2. ^ There are no known aberrant human infections for Neoncicola species.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Neoncicola Schmidt, 1972". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b Nascimento Gomes, Ana Paula; Cesário, Clarice Silva; Olifiers, Natalie; de Cassia Bianchi, Rita; Maldonado, Arnaldo; Vilela, Roberto do Val (December 2019). "New morphological and genetic data of Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (Diesing, 1851) (Acanthocephala: Archiacanthocephala) in the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 (Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae)". International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife. 10: 281–288. Bibcode:2019IJPPW..10..281N. doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.008. PMC 6906829. PMID 31867208.
  3. ^ Amin, O.M.; Sharifdini, M.; Heckmann, R.A.; Zarean, M. (2020). "New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e133. doi:10.1017/S0022149X20000073. PMID 32114988. S2CID 211725160.
  4. ^ Jones, Mary E. Spencer (1990). "Heptamegacanthus niekerki n. G., n. Sp. (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the south-east African insectivore Chrysospalax trevelyani (Günther, 1875)". Systematic Parasitology. 15 (2): 133–140. doi:10.1007/BF00009991. S2CID 23497546.
  5. ^ Amin, Omar M. (September 19, 2013). "Classification of the Acanthocephala". Folia Parasitologica. 60 (4): 273–305. doi:10.14411/fp.2013.031. PMID 24261131.
  6. ^ "Neoncicola Schmidt, 1972". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). November 3, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Smales, Lesley R. (2007). "Oligacanthorhynchidae (Acanthocephala) from Mammals from Paraguay with the Description of a New Species of Neoncicola". Comparative Parasitology. 74 (2): 237–243. doi:10.1654/4271.1.
  8. ^ a b Travassos, Lauro (1917). "Contribuições para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica brazileira. VI. Revisão dos acantocéfalos brazileiros. Parte I. Fam. Gigantorhynchidae Hamann, 1892". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 9 (1): 5–62. doi:10.1590/S0074-02761917000100001.
  9. ^ a b Meyer, A. (1931). "Die Acanthocephalen des arktischen Gebietes". Fauna Arctica. 6: 9–20.
  10. ^ a b von Linstow, O. (1901). "Entozoa des Zoologischen Museums der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg". Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. 15 (3): 271–292.
  11. ^ a b Parona, C. (1890). "Sopra alcuni elminti di vertebrati nel l'Abissinia". Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. 29: 769–788.
  12. ^ a b c d Machado-Filho, D. A. (1950). "Revisão do gênero Pachysentis Meyer, 1931 (Acanthocephala, Gigantorhynchidae)". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 48: 377–522. doi:10.1590/S0074-02761950000100015.
  13. ^ a b Morosow, F. N. (1951). Helminths of Wolves in the USSR. Vol. 5. Trudy Gelmintologicheskoi Laboratorii Akademii Nauk SSSR. pp. 146–149.
  14. ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (April 11, 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  15. ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11) e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
  16. ^ Smales Lesley R. (1997) Multisentis myrmecobius, gen. et. sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae), from the Numbat, Myrmecobius fasciatus, and a Key to Genera of the Oligacanthorhynchidae. Invertebrate Systematics 11, 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT95023
  17. ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
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