List of national animals

National animals are important symbols that represent a country's cultural identity, heritage, and natural environment. National animals are typically chosen for qualities, such as strength, courage, or resilience, and they reflect the values or historical, mythological and cultural significance of a nation.[1][2][3] Recognition of a national animal is typically formalized through legislation or an official document by which the community or collectivity operates.[4]

The use of national animals goes back to ancient totemism. According to Émile Durkheim, totemism involves the veneration of a totemic animal as sacred, which also serves to organize social structures within the clan. Members of the clan are believed to embody the attributes of their totemic animal. Animals are typically chosen over plants or rocks because of the natural relationship between humans and animals, especially in economic life. Some of these dynamics persist in the concept of national animals.[3]

National animals can be determined through both bottom-up and top-down approaches, that is, can be created, imported, or inherited. The characteristics of the national animal are altered to portray the self-perception of the nation. They symbolize and uphold the ideal shared values of the country's population.[3] The country's other national symbols, such as the coat of arms and currency, usually bear the national animal.[2]

National animals

Country Name of animal Scientific name[a] Picture Ref.
 Afghanistan Snow leopard Panthera uncia [5]
Abyssinian cat (a breed of)
Felis catus		 [6]
 Algeria Fennec fox (national animal) Vulpes zerda [7]
 Antigua and Barbuda European fallow deer (national animal) Dama dama [8]
Frigate (national bird) Fregata magnificens [8]
Hawksbill turtle (national sea creature) Eretmochelys imbricata [8]
 Argentina Rufous hornero (national bird) Furnarius rufus [9]
 Australia Red kangaroo (national animal) Macropus rufus [10]
Emu (national bird) Dromaius novaehollandiae [11]
 Austria Austrian Bundesadler (heraldic "Federal Eagle") Mythical [12]
 Azerbaijan Karabakh horse (national horse) Equus caballus [13]
 Bahamas Blue marlin (national fish) Makaira nigricans [14]
Flamingo (national bird) Phoenicopterus ruber [14]
 Bangladesh Bengal tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris tigris [15]
Magpie robin (national bird) Copsychus saularis
Ilish (national fish) Tenualosa ilisha
 Belgium Leo Belgicus (heraldic "Belgic lion") Mythical [16]
 Belize Baird's tapir (national animal) Tapirus bairdii [17]
Keel-billed toucan (national bird) Ramphastos sulfuratus [18]
Bhutan Druk (national mythical creature) Mythical [19]
Takin (national animal) Budorcas taxicolor [20]
 Botswana Plains zebra (national animal) Equus quagga [21]
 Brazil Rufous-bellied thrush (national bird) Turdus rufiventris [22]
 Cambodia Kouprey (national mammal) Bos sauveli [23]
Giant ibis (national bird) Pseudibis gigantea [23]
Northern river terrapin (national reptile) Batagur baska [23]
Giant barb (national fish) Catlocarpio siamensis [23]
 Canada North American beaver (national animal) Castor canadensis [24][25]
Canadian horse (national horse) Equus ferus caballus [24][26]
 China Chinese dragon (national mythical creature) Mythical [27]
Giant panda (national animal) Ailuropoda melanoleuca [28]
Red-crowned crane (national bird) Grus japonensis [29]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Okapi (national animal) Okapia johnstoni [30]
 Colombia Andean condor (national bird) Vultur gryphus [31]
 Costa Rica Yigüirro (national bird) Turdus grayi [32]
White-tailed deer (national animal) Odocoileus virginianus [32]
West Indian manatee (national aquatic animal) Trichechus manatus [32]
Two-toed sloth (national animal) Choloepus hoffmanni [33]
Three-toed sloth (national animal) Bradypus variegatus [33]
 Cuba Cuban trogon (national bird) Priotelus temnurus [34]
 Denmark Red squirrel (national mammal) Sciurus vulgaris [35]
Mute swan (national bird) Cygnus olor [35]
Small tortoiseshell (national butterfly) Aglais urticae [35]
 Dominica Sisserou parrot (national bird) Amazona imperalis [36]
 El Salvador Turquoise-browed motmot (national bird) Eumomota superciliosa [37]
Estonia Wolf (national animal) Canis lupus [38]
Barn swallow (national bird) Hirundo rustica [38]
Baltic herring (national fish) Clupea harengus membras [38]
Swallowtail (national butterfly) Papilio machaon [38]
 Finland Brown bear (national animal) Ursus arctos [39]
Whooper swan (national bird) Cygnus cygnus [39]
European perch (national fish) Perca fluviatilis [39]
Seven-spot ladybird (national insect) Coccinella septempunctata [39]
 France Gallic rooster Gallus gallus domesticus [40]
 Grenada Grenada dove (national bird) Leptotila wellsi [41]
 Guatemala Resplendent quetzal (national bird) Pharomachrus mocinno [42]
 Honduras White-tailed deer (national animal) Odocoileus virginianus [43]
Scarlet macaw (national bird) Ara macao [44]
 India Bengal tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris tigris [45]
Indian peafowl (national bird) Pavo cristatus [46]
Ganges river dolphin (national aquatic animal) Platanista gangetica [47]
Indian elephant (national heritage animal) Elephas maximus indicus [48]
 Indonesia Komodo dragon (national animal) Varanus komodoensis [49]
Javan hawk-eagle (national bird) Nisaetus bartelsi [49]
Asian arowana (national fish) Scleropages formosus [49]
 Israel Eurasian hoopoe (national bird) Upupa epops [50]
 Jamaica Red-billed streamertail (national bird) Trochilus polytmus [51]
 Latvia White wagtail (national bird) Motacilla alba [44]
Two-spotted ladybird (national insect) Adalia bipunctata [44]
 Lebanon Striped hyena (national animal) Hyaena hyaena [52]
 Lithuania White stork (national bird) Ciconia ciconia [53]
 Malaysia Malayan tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris [54]
 Mexico Golden eagle (national bird and animal) Aquila chrysaetos [55]
Xoloitzcuintli (national dog) (a breed of)
Canis lupus familiaris		 [55]
Jaguar (national mammal) Panthera onca [55]
Grasshopper (national arthropod ) Sphenarium purpurascens [55]
Vaquita (national marine mammal) Phocoena sinus [55]
 Mongolia Przewalski's horse (national animal) Equus ferus przewalskii [56]
Saker falcon (national bird) Falco cherrug [57][58]
Gobi bear (national pride animal) Ursus arctos gobiensis [59]
 Morocco Barbary lion (national animal) Panthera leo leo [60]
  Nepal Cow (national animal) Bos indicus [61]
Himalayan monal (national bird) Lophophorus impejanus
 New Zealand Kiwi (national bird) Apteryx sp. [62]
 Nicaragua Turquoise-browed motmot (national bird) Eumomota superciliosa [63]
 North Korea Pungsan dog (national dog) Canis familiaris [64]
Korean magpie (national bird) Pica serica [65]
 Pakistan Markhor (national animal) Capra falconeri [66]
Indus river dolphin (national aquatic mammal) Platanista minor [66]
Chukar (national bird) Alectoris chukar [66]
Mugger crocodile (national reptile) Crocodylus palustris [66]
Shaheen falcon (heritage bird) Falco peregrinus peregrinator [67]
Snow leopard (national predator) Panthera uncia [66]
 Panama Harpy eagle (national bird) Harpia harpyja [68]
 Peru Vicuña (national animal) Vicugna vicugna [69]
Andean cock-of-the-rock (national bird) Rupicola peruviana [70]
 Philippines Carabao (national animal) Bubalus bubalis [71]
Philippine eagle (national bird) Pithecophaga jefferyi [72]
 Poland White-tailed eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus albicilla [73][74]
White stork (national bird) Ciconia ciconia [75]
European bison (national animal) Bison bonasus [76][77]
 Portugal Dragon (traditional coat of arms / national animal) Mythical [78][79][80]
Cock of Barcelos (national bird) Mythical [81]
Iberian Wolf (national animal) Canis lupus signatus [81]
 Qatar Arabian oryx (national animal) Oryx leucoryx [82]
 Russia Eurasian brown bear (national animal) Ursus arctos arctos [83]
Double-headed eagle (traditional coat of arms) Mythical [84]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Brown pelican (national bird) Pelecanus occidentalis [85]
 Saint Lucia Saint Lucia amazon (national bird) Amazona versicolor [86]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent amazon (national bird) Amazona guildingii [87]
 Saudi Arabia Arabian camel (national animal) Camelus dromedarius [88]
 Somalia Leopard Panthera pardus [89]
 South Africa Springbok (national animal) Antidorcas marsupialis [90]
Blue crane (national bird) Anthropoides paradiseus [91]
Galjoen (national fish) Dichistius capensis [92]
 South Korea Siberian tiger (national animal) Panthera tigris altaica [93]
 Spain Bull (national animal) Bos taurus [94]
 Sri Lanka Sri Lankan junglefowl (national bird) Gallus lafayettii [95]
 Tanzania Giraffe (national animal) Giraffa sp. [96][97][98]
 Thailand Asian elephant (national animal) Elephas maximus [99]
Siamese fighting fish (national aquatic animal) Betta splendens [100][101]
 Uganda Grey crowned crane (national bird) Balearica regulorum [102]
 United Arab Emirates Saker falcon (national bird) Falco cherrug [103]
Arabian oryx (national animal) Oryx leucoryx [104]
 United Kingdom Bulldog (Britain as "British Bulldog") Canis lupus familiaris [105]
Lion (England) Panthera leo [106][107]
Red kite (Wales) Milvus milvus [108]
Unicorn (Scotland) Mythical [109][110][111][112][113]
Y Ddraig Goch (The Red Dragon of Wales) Mythical [108][114]
 United States Bald eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus leucocephalus [115]
American bison (national mammal) Bison bison [116]
 Zimbabwe Sable antelope (national animal) Hippotragus niger [117]
African fish eagle (national bird) Haliaeetus vocifer [117]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ commonly known as the Latin name

References

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