Municipal executive in Switzerland

In Switzerland, executive authority at the municipal level is exercised by an elected body. Its designation, composition, method of election, term of office, and powers vary by canton and, in some cases, between municipalities within the same canton.

The executive body is generally headed by a president, whose title varies according to local usage, such as president of the municipality, mayor, or syndic.

Overview

Comparison of Municipal Executives by Canton
Canton Number of municipalities Name Number of members Term of office Legal basis
Zurich 162 municipalities Gemeindevorstand[N 1] min. 5 members according to municipal law Gemeindegesetz (GG/ZH)
Berne 342 municipalities Municipal Council / Gemeinderat (in practice also Conseil municipal) min. 3 members generally 4 years Law on Municipalities (LCo/BE)
Lucerne 82 municipalities Gemeinderat (also Gemeinderat for cities) min. 3 members 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/LU)
Uri 20 municipalities Gemeinderat min. 5 members

(including the president)

according to municipal law Gemeindegesetz (GEG/UR)
Schwyz 30 municipalities Gemeinderat 3 to 9 members

(including president and Säckelmeister)

4 years (president and Säckelmeister: 2 years) Gemeindeorganisationsgesetz (GO/SZ)
Obwalden 7 municipalities Gemeinderat or Einwohnergemeinderat 5 or 7 members 4 years Cantonal Constitution (Cst./SZ)
Nidwalden 11 municipalities Administrativer Rat (according to cantonal law), Gemeinderat (in practice) 3 to 11 members (according to cantonal law), 5 or 7 members (in practice) 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GemG/NW)

Behördengesetz (BehG/NW)

Glarus 3 municipalities Vorsteherschaft (according to cantonal law), Gemeinderat (in practice) min. 4 members and a president (according to cantonal law), 7 members (in practice) according to municipal law, 4 years in practice Gemeindegesetz (GG/GL)
Zug 11 municipalities Gemeinderat (according to cantonal law), Stadtrat (for Zug) 5 or 7 members (according to cantonal law), 7 members (only for Baar) 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/ZG)
Fribourg 133 municipalities Municipal Council / Gemeinderat 5 to 9 members 4 years Law on Municipalities (LCo/EN)
Solothurn 109 municipalities according to municipal law min. 3 members according to municipal law Gemeindegesetz (GG/SO)
Basel-Stadt[N 2] 3 municipalities Basel: Regierungsrat (cantonal government); Riehen and Bettingen: Gemeinderat (according to cantonal law) according to cantonal and municipal law (Basel and Riehen: 7 members; Bettingen: 5 members) according to cantonal and municipal law (4 years in practice) Gemeindegesetz (GG/BS)
Basel-Landschaft 86 municipalities Gemeinderat (according to cantonal law), Stadtrat (in Liestal) min. 3 members 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GOG/BL)
Schaffhausen 26 municipalities Gemeinderat (according to cantonal law), Stadtrat (in Schaffhausen and Stein am Rhein) 3 to 7 members, 5 members (in practice) 4 years (in practice) Gemeindegesetz (GG/SH)
Appenzell Innerrhoden 6 municipalities Bezirksrat min. 5 members (in practice 5 members) 1 year or 4 years (in practice) Cantonal Constitution (Cst./AI)
Appenzell Ausserrhoden 20 municipalities Gemeinderat min. 5 members (in practice 5 to 9 members) 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/AR)
St. Gallen 113 municipalities Gemeinderat or Stadtrat min. 3 members 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/SG)
Grisons 105 municipalities Gemeindevorstand, Kleiner Stadtrat (for Chur), Giunta comunale, Suprastanza da la vischnanca min. 3 members 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/GR)
Aargau 210 municipalities Gemeindevorstand 5 to 7 members (including Gemeindeammann and Vizeammann) 4 years Gemeindegesetz (GG/AG)
Thurgau 80 municipalities Gemeindevorstand min. 3 members according to municipal law Gemeindegesetz (GemG/TG)
Ticino 112 municipalities Municipio 3 to 7 members 4 years Municipal Organic Law (LOC/TI)
Vaud 309 municipalities Municipalité 3 to 9 members 5 years Law on Municipalities (LC/VD)
Valais 112 municipalities Municipal Council, Municipal Council (in large cities), Gemeinderat 3 to 15 members 4 years Law on Municipalities (LCo/VS)
Neuchâtel 24 municipalities Municipal Council according to municipal law 4 years Law on Municipalities (LCo/NE)
Geneva 45 municipalities Administrative Council; Mayor and two deputies (in small towns) 3 or 5 depending on municipal population (by decree of the Conseil d'État) 5 years Cantonal Constitution (Cst./GE) and Law on Municipal Administration (LAC/GE)
Jura 53 municipalities Municipal Council min. 3 or 5 members 5 years Law on Municipalities (LCom/JU)

Caption:

  determined by municipal law
  combination of municipal and cantonal law (general framework set by the canton, implementation by the municipality)
  determined by cantonal law (default case), modifiable by municipal law (implementation of an exception)
  strictly determined by cantonal law (no derogation by municipal law)

Situation by canton

Zurich

The canton of Zurich is divided into 162 municipalities. Under cantonal law, municipal executive authority is exercised by a body known as the Gemeindevorstand[1] (municipal committee). Municipalities may assign it a different name in their Gemeindeordnung (municipal regulations),[2] commonly Gemeinderat in municipalities with a municipal assembly and Stadtrat in those with a municipal parliament,[3] such as the city of Zurich.[4]

The Gemeindevorstand consists of at least five members,[5] with the exact number determined by each municipality’s regulations.[6] It is the highest municipal authority,[7] represents the municipality externally,[5] and appoints the Gemeindeschreiber (municipal secretary).[8]

Bern

The canton of Bern is divided into 342 municipalities. Under cantonal law, municipal executive authority is exercised by the municipal council (Gemeinderat).[9]

Municipal regulations determine the number of council members,[10] subject to a minimum of three.[11] The council is chaired by the head of the municipality, commonly referred to as the mayor or president (Stadtpräsident or Stapi[12]). In the city of Bern, members of the municipal executive are subject to a term-limit rule that prevents re-election after twelve consecutive years of service.[13]

In several French-speaking municipalities of the canton of Bern, particularly in the Bernese Jura and the Biel/Bienne–Seeland administrative district, the municipal council is designated as the Conseil municipal. This terminology is used in municipalities such as Biel/Bienne,[14] La Neuveville,[15] Moutier,[16] and Saint-Imier.[17]

Lucerne

The canton of Lucerne is divided into 82 municipalities. Under cantonal law, municipalities are governed by a Gemeinderat (municipal council), which serves as the executive authority,[18] although municipalities may assign it a different designation in their Gemeindeordnung.

The Gemeinderat consists of at least three members,[19] with the exact number determined at the municipal level.[20] Its members are elected for four-year terms[21] and assume office on 1 September.[22]

The Gemeinderat exercises subsidiary authority, performing municipal functions not assigned to other bodies.[23] Its meetings are not open to the public.[24]

In the city of Lucerne, executive authority is exercised by a Stadtrat,[25] composed of five members; the same designation is used in Kriens,[26] while Horw retains the title Gemeinderat.[27]

Uri

The canton of Uri is divided into 20 municipalities. Under cantonal law, each municipality is governed by a Gemeinderat (municipal council).[28] The council consists of at least five members, including the president,[29] with the exact number specified in the municipality’s Gemeindeordnung.[30] The length of members’ terms is determined by municipal law.[31]

The Gemeinderat oversees the municipal administration, organizes municipal assemblies, and represents the municipality externally.[32]

Schwyz

The canton of Schwyz is divided into 30 municipalities. Under cantonal law, municipal authority is exercised by a Gemeinderat (municipal council).[33]

The Gemeinderat consists of the president of the municipality, the Säckelmeister (treasurer or director of finance), and three to seven additional members.[34] Members are elected by majority vote.[35] Terms of office are four years for regular members and two years for the president and Säckelmeister, with half of the council elected every two years.[35] Elected members assume office no later than 1 July of the election year.[36]

The Gemeinderat exercises subsidiary authority, performing functions not assigned to other municipal bodies.[37]

Obwalden

The canton of Obwalden is divided into seven municipalities. The cantonal constitution establishes the legal framework for municipal governance, as there is no separate municipal law.[38] Each municipality is governed by a Gemeinderat (municipal council),[39] with members elected for four-year terms.[40]

Comparison of Municipal Executives in the Canton of Obwalden
Municipality Name Number of Members
Alpnach[41] Einwohngemeinderat 5 members
Engelberg[42] Einwohngemeinderat 5 members
Giswil[43] Gemeinderat 7 members
Kerns[44] Einwohngemeinderat 7 members
Lungern[45] Gemeinderat 5 members
Sachseln[46] Einwohngemeinderat 7 members
Sarnen[47] Einwohngemeinderat 7 members

Nidwalden

In the canton of Nidwalden, municipalities with an ordinary organization (ordentliche Organisation)[48] have an executive body called the administrativer Rat (administrative council). For organized municipalities,[49][50] the executive is designated as the Gemeinderat (municipal council).[51]

In both cases, the executive consists of three to eleven members,[52] with the exact number determined by municipal regulations.[53] Members are elected for four-year terms, either by the municipal assembly (open assembly) or by secret ballot,[54] using majority vote or proportional representation as provided[54] by municipal law.[55]

The executive exercises subsidiary authority,[56] performing functions not assigned to other municipal bodies.

Comparison of municipal executives in the canton of Nidwalden
Municipality Name Number of Members
Beckenried[57] Gemeinderat 7 members
Buochs[58] Gemeinderat 7 members
Dallenwil[59] Gemeinderat 5 members
Emmetten[60] Gemeinderat 7 members
Ennetbürgen[61] Gemeinderat 7 members
Ennetmoos[62] Gemeinderat 7 members
Hergiswil[63] Gemeinderat 7 members
Oberdorf[64] Gemeinderat 7 members
Stans[65] Gemeinderat 7 members
Stansstad[66] Gemeinderat 7 members
Wolfenschiessen[67] Gemeinderat 7 members

Glarus

The canton of Glarus is divided into three municipalities: Glarus, Glarus Nord, and Glarus Süd. Under cantonal law, each municipality is governed by a Vorsteherschaft (presidency),[68] composed of the president and at least four members,[69] with the length of their terms determined by municipal law.

The Vorsteherschaft functions as a collegial body.[70]

In all three municipalities, the executive is referred to as the Gemeinderat (municipal council) and consists of seven members elected for four-year terms.[71][72][73]

Zug

The canton of Zug is divided into eleven municipalities.[74] Under cantonal law, the municipal executive is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council) and normally consists of five members, with the municipal secretary (Gemeindeschreiber) holding an advisory vote.[75] Municipal regulations may provide for an increase in membership to seven.[76]

The Gemeinderat exercises subsidiary authority,[77] represents the municipality externally,[78] and is chaired by the president.[79]

Comparison of municipal executives in the canton of Zug
Municipality Name Number of Members
Baar[80] Gemeinderat 7 members
Cham[81] Gemeinderat 5 members
Hunenberg[82] Gemeinderat 5 members
Menzingen[83] Gemeinderat 5 members
Neuheim[84] Gemeinderat 5 members
Oberägeri[85] Gemeinderat 5 members
Risch[86] Gemeinderat 5 members
Steinhausen[87] Gemeinderat 5 members
Unterägeri[88] Gemeinderat 5 members
Walchwil[89] Gemeinderat 5 members
Zug[90] Stadtrat 5 members

Fribourg

The canton of Fribourg is divided into 133 municipalities. Under cantonal law, the municipal executive is called the conseil communal (municipal council, Gemeinderat in German)[91] and is responsible for directing and administering the municipality.[92] The council is headed by the syndic.

Members of the municipal council are elected for five-year terms,[93] concurrently with the general council (the legislative body) during general elections.[94]

The municipal council exercises subsidiary authority.[92]

The number of council members is determined by cantonal law,[95] although municipalities may establish a different composition:

From To Number of Councilors
0 600 inhabitants[96] 5 members[96]
600 inhabitants 1,200 inhabitants[96] 7 members[96]
From 1,200 inhabitants[96] 9 members[96]

For municipalities required to have a municipal parliament, the number of councilors is determined according to cantonal regulations:

Comparison of the Number of Municipal Councilors in Certain Fribourg Communes
Municipality Population

(as of December 31, 2018)

Number of Councilors
Fribourg[97] 38,365 habitants 5 members
Bulle[98] 23,439 habitants 9 members
Morat/Murten[99] 8,279 habitants 7 members
Romont[100] 5,280 habitants 9 members
Estavayer[101] 9,716 habitants 9 members
Châtel-Saint-Denis[102] 6,971 habitants 9 members
Marly[103] 8,193 habitants 9 members
Villars-sur-Glâne[104] 12,094 habitants 9 members

Solothurn

The canton of Solothurn is divided into 109 municipalities. Under cantonal law, the municipal executive is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council)[105] and consists of at least three members.[106] Members are generally elected by proportional representation,[107] although municipal law may provide for majority elections under an extraordinary organizational framework (ausserordentliche Organisation).[108]

In the cantonal capital, Solothurn, which does not have a municipal parliament, the Gemeinderat comprises 30 members elected for four-year terms.[109] Olten, the most populous city in the canton and equipped with a municipal parliament, has an executive called the Stadtrat, composed of five members.[110] Grenchen, the second most populous city, has a Gemeinderat of fifteen members.[111]

Basel-Stadt

The canton of Basel-Stadt is divided into three municipalities: Basel, Riehen, and Bettingen.[112]

The municipality of Basel is administered directly by the cantonal authorities,[113] and its executive is the Regierungsrat (executive council) of Basel-Stadt, composed of seven members[114] elected every four years.[115][N 3] In Riehen and Bettingen, the executive is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council) and must include at least three members,[116] including the president. The Gemeinderat of Riehen comprises seven members,[117] while that of Bettingen comprises five members.[118]

Basel-Landschaft

The canton of Basel-Landschaft is divided into 86 municipalities.[119] Under cantonal law, the municipal executive is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council).[120] Its number of members is determined by municipal law,[121] with a minimum of three.[122] Members are elected for four-year terms[123] and take office on 1 June.[124] The Gemeinderat is supervised by the cantonal government (Regierungsrat), represents the municipality externally,[125] and exercises certain penal powers under municipal law.[126]

In the cantonal capital, Liestal, the executive is called the Stadtrat (city council) and is composed of five members.[127]

Schaffhausen

The canton of Schaffhausen is divided into 26 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the executive of a municipality is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council), except in Schaffhausen and Stein am Rhein, where it is called the Stadtrat (city council).

The number of members is determined by the municipal constitution (Gemeindeverfassung), with a minimum of three and a maximum of seven.[128] Municipal law establishes the length of the term of office. All municipal executives have five members,[129] elected for four years.

The executive represents the municipality externally[130] and exercises subsidiary competence.[131]

Municipal executives in the canton of Schaffhausen
Municipality Population

(in 2018)

Name Number of members Term of office
Bargen[132] 313 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Beggingen[133] 476 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Beringen[134] 4,804 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Buch[135] 316 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Buchberg[136] 866 habitants NC 5 members NC
Büttenhardt[137] 416 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Dörflingen[138] 1,028 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Gächlingen[139] 836 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Hallau[140] 2,221 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Hemishofen[141] 468 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Lohn[142] 758 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Löhningen[143] 1,472 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Merishausen[144] 859 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Neuhausen am Rheinfall[145] 10,512 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Neunkirch[146] 2 289 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Oberhallau[147] 444 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Ramsen[148] 1,469 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Rüdlingen[149] 750 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Schaffhouse[150] 36,587 habitants Stadrat 5 members 4 years
Schleitheim[151] 1,681 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Siblingen[152] 886 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years
Stein am Rhein[153] 3,415 habitants Stadtrat 5 members 4 years
Stetten[154] 1 351 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Thayngen[155] 5,453 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Trasadingen[156] 584 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members NC
Wilchingen[157] 1,737 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members 4 years

Appenzell Innerrhoden

See also: Municipalities of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden

The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden is divided into districts (Bezirke) rather than political municipalities.[158][N 4] Cantonal constitutional law provides that each district is governed by a district council (Bezirksrat),[159] composed of at least five members elected by the district assembly (Bezirksgemeinde). District law determines the length of the council members’ terms of office.[160]

Comparison of district councils in Appenzell Innerrhoden
Municipality Population

(in 2018)

Number of members Term of office
Appenzell[161] 5,795 habitants 7 members NC
Gonten[162] 1,462 habitants 5 members 4 years
Oberegg[163] 1,916 habitants 7 members 4 years
Rüte[164] 3,648 habitants 7 members 1 year
Schlatt-Haslen[165] 1,128 habitants 5 members NC
Schwende[166] 2,196 habitants 5 members NC

Appenzell Ausserrhoden

The canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden is divided into 20 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that each municipal executive is called the Gemeinderat (municipal council),[167] composed of at least five members[168] elected for a four-year term.[169]

Comparison of executives in the municipalities of Appenzell Ausserrhoden
Municipality Population

(in 2018)

Name of the executive Number of members
Bühler[170] 1,799 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Gais[171] 3,091 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Grub[172] 1,008 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Heiden[173] 4,162 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Herisau[174] 15,745 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Hundwil[175] 941 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Lutzenberg[176] 1,279 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Rehetobel[177] 1,747 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Reute[178] 688 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Schönengrund[179] 532 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members
Schwellbrunn[180] 1,573 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Speicher[181] 4,382 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Stein[182] 1,429 habitants Gemeinderat 9 members
Teufen[183] 6,265 habitants Gemeinderat 9 members
Trogen[184] 1,735 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Urnäsch[185] 2,303 habitants Gemeinderat 9 membres
Wald[186] 877 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Waldstatt[187] 1,870 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members
Walzenhausen[188] 1,971 habitants Gemeinderat 5 members
Wolfhalden[189] 1,837 habitants Gemeinderat 7 members

St. Gallen

The canton of St. Gallen is divided into 133 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that each municipal executive is called Rat,[190] more specifically Gemeinderat (municipal council) or Stadtrat (city council),[191] and must be composed of at least three members[192] with a four-year term of office.[193]

In the four most populous municipalities—St. Gallen (five members),[194] Rapperswil-Jona (seven members),[195] Wil (five members),[196] and Gossau (five members)[197]—the executive is designated Stadtrat. Uzwil, the fifth most populous municipality, has a Gemeinderat composed of seven members.[198]

Graubünden

The canton of Graubünden is divided into 105 municipalities. Cantonal law designates the municipal executive as Gemeindevorstand (municipal committee)[199] and requires it to have at least three members,[200] elected for a four-year term. Municipal law may assign an alternative designation to the executive.[201]

The Gemeindevorstand represents the municipality externally[202] and is vested with subsidiary competence.[203]

In Chur, the executive is called Stadtrat (city council) and is composed of three members,[204] while in Davos it is called Kleiner Stadtrat (small city council) and is composed of five members.[205]

Aargau

The canton of Aargau is divided into 210 municipalities. Cantonal law distinguishes between municipalities with a municipal parliament and those without,[206] but in both cases the municipal executive is called Gemeinderat (municipal council).[207]

The Gemeinderat consists of the Gemeindeammann[N 5] (president), the Vizeammann (vice-president), and three, five, or seven additional members.[208] Members serve four-year terms.[209] The municipal executive is responsible for the administration and implementation of municipal decisions,[210] represents the municipality externally,[211] and is vested with subsidiary competence.[212] It also performs certain functions within the framework of criminal procedure.[213]

In the cities of Aarau, Baden,[214] and Bremgarten,[215] the municipal executive is called Stadtrat (city council) and is composed of seven members.[216]

Thurgau

The canton of Thurgau is divided into 80 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called Gemeindebehörde (municipal authority).[217] Municipal law determines the number of members,[218] which must be at least five,[219] and the length of their term, while the Regierungsrat (cantonal government) sets the starting date of the term.[220]

In the cities of Frauenfeld, Kreuzlingen,[221] and Arbon,[222] the municipal executive is called Stadtrat (city council) and is composed of five members.[223] In Amriswil, the executive bears the same designation but consists of nine members.[224]

Ticino

The canton of Ticino is divided into 112 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called municipio.[225] Members are elected for four years[226] and take office by swearing fidelity to the Constitution and laws before the justice of the peace.[227]

A municipio must have an odd number of members, not exceeding seven.[228] Membership is incompatible with serving on the Council of State, holding a cantonal civil service position, or being a member of the judiciary.[229] Relatives in the direct line may not serve on the same municipio,[230] except in municipalities with fewer than 300 inhabitants.

The municipio is chaired by the sindaco (mayor),[231] who represents the municipality externally. Cantonal law requires that the municipio[232] hold meetings in designated municipal premises rather than private spaces.[233]

Members of the municipio (municipali) are vested with local police powers[234] and may, in that capacity, conduct searches of dwellings in accordance with federal administrative procedure.[235]

Vaud

The canton of Vaud is divided into 309 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called the municipalité.[236]

The municipalité is composed of three, five, seven, or nine members (municipaux),[237] with the exact number[238] determined by municipal law. Relatives in the direct line may not serve on the same municipalité.[239]

Members are elected for five years[240] and take office after swearing an oath to the Federal Constitution and the cantonal Constitution of Vaud.[241] The body functions collegially[237] and is presided over by the syndic,[242] who holds specific powers related to the preservation of evidence in criminal proceedings.[243]

Valais

The canton of Valais is divided into 122 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called conseil communal or conseil municipal,[244] with conseil communal generally used in smaller municipalities and conseil municipal in larger ones, such as Sion or Monthey. The executive is composed of an odd number of members, ranging from three to fifteen,[245] and is headed by the president of the municipality.[246] Members are elected for a four-year term.[247]

Neuchâtel

The canton of Neuchâtel is divided into 31 municipalities.[248] Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called conseil communal and is composed of three, five, or seven members,[249] with the exact number and method of election determined by municipal law.

The conseil communal represents the municipality externally,[250] including in legal proceedings,[250] appoints the civil registrar (subject to ratification by the Council of State), and exercises subsidiary competence.[251] It is headed by the president of the conseil communal, who is often referred to as the president of the municipality.

Cantonal law establishes a procedure for the dismissal of a municipal councillor by the conseil général[252] for “just cause,” such as a conviction for a criminal offence incompatible with the exercise of municipal office. This procedure may also apply to the entire conseil communal,[253] in which case it is referred to as the dissolution of the conseil communal.[254]

Geneva

The canton of Geneva is divided into 45 municipalities.[255] Until 2025, cantonal law provided that the executive of municipalities with more than 3,000 inhabitants was called the conseil administratif (administrative council), while municipalities with fewer than 3,000 inhabitants—24 of the 45 municipalities at the end of 2021[256]—were administered by a mayor and two deputies.[257] Following an amendment to the Constitution approved by popular vote on 28 November 2021, all municipalities are now governed by an administrative council.[258] This council is composed of three members in most municipalities and five members in municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants,[257] such as the city of Geneva.

Members of the municipal executive are elected every five years[N 6][259] by a two-round majority vote,[260] with the first round held concurrently with the election of the municipal council, the legislative body.[261] The number of members of the executive is determined by a decree of the Council of State based on the municipality's population.[262]

The administrative council assigns departmental responsibilities among its members[263] and annually appoints a president, titled mayor, and a vice-president,[264] with their term beginning on 1 June.[265]

Representation of the municipality is exercised by the administrative council or the mayor.[266] The council submits candidates for the position of civil registrar to the Council of State.[267]

Members of the administrative council may be removed by the Council of State for health reasons.[268]

Jura

The canton of Jura is divided into 53 municipalities. Cantonal law provides that the municipal executive is called the conseil communal (municipal council).[269]

The number of councillors is determined by municipal law, with a minimum of three in municipalities with fewer than 50 eligible voters and at least five in larger municipalities.[270] Councillors are elected for five-year terms.[271]

The municipal council represents the municipality externally[272] and has the authority to initiate and conduct legal proceedings.[272]

The office of municipal councillor is incompatible with membership in the cantonal government.[273] Municipal law may establish additional rules regarding incompatibilities,[274] and relatives in the direct line may not serve on the same council.[275]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The designation may vary if the basic municipal regulations stipulate otherwise.
  2. ^ The cantonal authorities of Basel-Stadt administer the municipality of Basel (GG/BS 1984, § 18).
  3. ^ As a consequence, all inhabitants of the canton of Basel-Stadt elect the executive of the municipality of Basel. Basel is the only municipality in Switzerland whose executive is elected by the entire canton.
  4. ^ It nevertheless has school municipalities and religious municipalities.
  5. ^ In the Middle Ages, the word Ammann referred to an official of the king or a lord who was responsible, among other things, for administering justice; over time, this role evolved into an elected position in municipalities, that of municipal president. See Peter Steiner (translated by Anne Berlincourt), Amman in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland online, version dated July 10, 2001.
  6. ^ Their term of office was four years before the new Geneva Constitution came into force on June 1, 2013. ("Le projet de Constitution accepté par l'assemblée constituante genevoise" [The draft Constitution accepted by the Geneva Constituent Assembly]. RTS (in French). May 31, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2025.).

References

  1. ^ GG/ZH 2015, § 5 al. 1 let. c ch. 1
  2. ^ GG/ZH 2015, § 5 al. 2
  3. ^ "Gemeindeorganisation" [Community organization]. Kanton Zürich (in German). Retrieved December 29, 2025.
  4. ^ "Gemeindeordnung der Stadt Zürich" [Municipal Code of the City of Zurich] (Art. 48 al. 1) (in German). November 26, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2025.
  5. ^ a b GG/ZH 2015, § 47 al. 1
  6. ^ GG/ZH 2015, § 47 al. 2
  7. ^ GG/ZH 2015, § 48 al. 1
  8. ^ GG/ZH 2015, § 52 al. 1
  9. ^ LCo/BE 1998, Art. 25 al. 1
  10. ^ LCo/BE 1998, Art. 26 al. 1
  11. ^ LCo/BE 1998, Art. 24 al. 2
  12. ^ Bourquin, Vincent (February 12, 2025). "Berne a attendu 833 ans sa première maire: Marieke Kruit" [Bern waited 833 years for its first mayor: Marieke Kruit]. Le Temps (in French). Retrieved December 29, 2025.
  13. ^ "Gemeindeordnung der Stadt Bern" [Municipal Code of the City of Bern] (in German). Retrieved December 29, 2025.
  14. ^ "Le Conseil municipal: le gouvernement de la Ville" [The City Council: the government of the City]. Ville de Bienne (in French). Retrieved December 29, 2025.
  15. ^ "Conseil municipal" [City Council]. La Neuveville (in French). Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2025.
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  18. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 14 al. 2
  19. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 15 al. 1
  20. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 15 al. 2
  21. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 16 para. 1 sentence 1
  22. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 16 para. 2 sentence 1
  23. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 14 al. 3
  24. ^ GG/LU 2004, § 14 al. 4
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  30. ^ GEG/UR 2017, Art. 23 al. 2
  31. ^ GEG/UR 2017, Art. 17 al. 2
  32. ^ GEG/UR 2017, Art. 24 al. 2
  33. ^ GOG/SZ 2017, § 42 al. 1
  34. ^ GOG/SZ 2017, § 36 al. 1
  35. ^ a b GOG/SZ 2017, § 37 al. 3
  36. ^ GOG/SZ 2017, § 41 al. 1
  37. ^ GOG/SZ 2017, § 42 al. 2
  38. ^ Cst./OW 1968, Art. 82 ss
  39. ^ Cst./OW 1968, Art. 94
  40. ^ Cst./OW 1968, Article 93(1)(2)
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  49. ^ If the political municipality merges with the school municipality (art. 113 GemG/NW), it may declare that it adopts an extraordinary form of organization, which allows it to establish a municipal parliament.
  50. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Art. 83
  51. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Art. 139
  52. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Art. 83 al. 1
  53. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Art. 83 al. 2
  54. ^ a b GemG/NW 1974, Art. 85 al. 1
  55. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Section 1(1) and Section 16(1)
  56. ^ GemG/NW 1974, Art. 88 al. 1
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  69. ^ GG/GL 1992, Art. 83 al. 2
  70. ^ GG/GL 1992, Art. 85 al. 1
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  75. ^ GG/ZG 1980, § 83 al. 1
  76. ^ GG/ZG 1980, § 83 al. 2
  77. ^ GG/ZG 1980, § 84 al. 1
  78. ^ GG/ZG 1980, § 85 al. 1
  79. ^ GG/ZG 1980, § 89 al. 1
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  91. ^ LCo/FR 1980, Art. 54 ss
  92. ^ a b LCo/FR 1980, Art. 60 al. 1
  93. ^ LCo/FR 1980, Art. 56 al. 2
  94. ^ LCo/FR 1980, Art. 56 al. 3
  95. ^ LCo/FR 1980, Art. 54 al. 1
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  106. ^ GG/SO 1992, § 67 al. 2 et § 96 al. 1
  107. ^ GG/SO 1992, § 68
  108. ^ GG/SO 1992, § 67 al. 2 et § 96 al. 2
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  112. ^ Cst./BS 2005, § 57 al. 1
  113. ^ Cst./BS 2005, § 57 al. 2; § 18
  114. ^ Cst./BS 2005, § 101 al. 2
  115. ^ Cst./BS 2005, § 73 al. 1
  116. ^ Cst./BS 2005, § 18
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  119. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 35 al. 1
  120. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 70 al. 1
  121. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 75
  122. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 6(1), second sentence
  123. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 12 al. 1
  124. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 12a al. 1
  125. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 80
  126. ^ GOG/BL 1970, § 70 al. 3
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  129. ^ GG/SH 1998, Art. 21 al. 1
  130. ^ GG/SH 1998, Art. 53 al. 1
  131. ^ GG/SH 1998, Art. 52 al. 1
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  158. ^ Cst./AI 1872, Art. 15 al. 1
  159. ^ Cst./AI 1872, Art. 37 al. 1
  160. ^ Cst./AI 1872, Art. 33 al. 3
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  167. ^ GG/AR 1998, Art. 18 al. 1
  168. ^ GG/AR 1998, Article 18(1), second sentence
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  191. ^ GG/SG 2009, Art. 89 al. 3
  192. ^ GG/SG 2009, Art. 89 al. 2
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  199. ^ GG/GR 2017, Art. 35
  200. ^ GG/GR 2017, Art. 36 al. 1
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  203. ^ GG/GR 2017, Art. 37 al. 1
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  206. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 34 ss & § 71
  207. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 34 & § 71
  208. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 34
  209. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 70
  210. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 36 al. 1
  211. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 36 al. 2
  212. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 37 al. 1
  213. ^ GG/AG 1978, § 38 al. 1
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  217. ^ GemG/TG 1999, § 17 ss
  218. ^ GemG/TG 1999, § 17 al. 1
  219. ^ GemG/TG 1999, § 17 al. 2
  220. ^ GemG/TG 1999, § 18
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  225. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 80 al. 1
  226. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 88 al. 1
  227. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 88 al. 2
  228. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 80 al. 2
  229. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 82
  230. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 80 al. 3
  231. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 98 al. 1 & art. 118
  232. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 92 al. 1
  233. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 118 al. 1
  234. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 107 al. 1
  235. ^ LOC/TI 1987, Art. 108a
  236. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 41
  237. ^ a b LC/VD 1956, Art. 47 al. 1
  238. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 47 al. 2
  239. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 48
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  241. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 62 al. 1
  242. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 73
  243. ^ LC/VD 1956, Art. 77 al. 1
  244. ^ LCo/VS 2004, Art. 33 al. 1
  245. ^ LCo/VS 2004, Art. 34
  246. ^ LCo/VS 2004, Art. 43 al. 3 lit. a
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  248. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Art. 1 & 2
  249. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Art. 26 al. 1
  250. ^ a b LCo/NE 1964, Article 30(1)
  251. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Article 30(8)
  252. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Article 30(6)
  253. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Article 26(3)(c)
  254. ^ LCo/NE 1964, Art. 30d
  255. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 1
  256. ^ Nicolet, Vincent (November 14, 2021). "À Genève, les maires «à l'ancienne» en voie de disparition" [In Geneva, “old-school” mayors are becoming extinct]. Le Temps (in French). ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved December 30, 2025.
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  259. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 40
  260. ^ Cst./GE 2012, Art. 55 & 141
  261. ^ Cst./GE 2012, Article 141, paragraph 3
  262. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 39(2)
  263. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Section 42(1), first sentence
  264. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Section 42(2), second sentence
  265. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 42 al. 3
  266. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 50 al. 1
  267. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 48 lit. t
  268. ^ LAC/GE 1984, Art. 46
  269. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Art. 87 al. 1
  270. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Art. 92 al. 1
  271. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Art. 93
  272. ^ a b LCom/JU 1978, Art. 88 al. 1
  273. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Article 11(1)(1)
  274. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Article 11(2)
  275. ^ LCom/JU 1978, Article 12(1)(1)

Bibliography

  • Auer, Andreas (2016). Staatsrecht der schweizerischen Kantone [Constitutional law of the Swiss cantons] (in German). Berne: Stämpfli. ISBN 978-3-7272-3217-6.
  • Geser, Hans; Meuli, Urs; Ladner, Andreas; Steiner, Reto; Horber-Papazian, Katia (2011). Die Exekutivmitglieder in den Schweizer Gemeinden [The executive members in Swiss municipalities] (PDF) (in German). Glarus/Chur: Rüegger Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7253-0943-6. Retrieved December 26, 2025.
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