Muha Rebellion
| Muha Rebellion | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Map of the historial region of Pokuttia in modern-day Ukraine | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Kingdom of Poland |
Muha's army Moldavia (1490) | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Casimir IV |
Petru Muha † Stephen III (1490) | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown | Total: 10,000 rebels | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown | Nearly entire rebel army destroyed | ||||||||
The Muha Rebellion started in 1490 in Galicia, and was led by Petru Muha. Its purpose was overthrowing Polish control of Galicia.[1][2][3]
Muha started the revolt in Pokuttia in 1490. It quickly spread to neighboring territories, across nearly all southeastern Galicia. Muha marched to Lviv with a rebel army of 10,000 people.[4][2][1] Moldavian Voivode Stephen the Great supported the rebellion.[4] Stephen used the instability in Poland as an opportunity to reconquer Pokuttia in summer of 1490, over which the Principality of Moldavia and the Kingdom of Poland had a dispute since late 14th century.[5][6]
The rebel army was composed of both Ukrainian and Moldavian peasants from places like Bukovina. In the army there were also Orthodox petty gentry noblemen originally from Pokuttia, as well as burghers (mischany / mistychi).[4][2]
The ten-thousand-man army led by Muha conquered the fortified cities of Kolomyia, Sniatyn, and Halych, killing a considerable number of enemy noblemen and burghers as they went.[4]
As the army was advancing to Lviv, it was blocked by a combined force of Polish Royal Army soldiers, a levée en masse of Galician magnates, and Prussian mercenaries. At the Battle of Rohatyn, near Rohatyn, present-day Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, the army suffered a crushing defeat and most of the rebels were killed. However, Muha survived, and fled back to Moldavia with the other survivors.[4]
Muha returned to Galicia in 1492, in an unsuccessful attempt to stir up another rebellion. He was captured in the area of Kolomyia, and reportedly died in a prison in Kraków.[4]
References
- ^ a b Paul R. Magocsi (2010). A History of Ukraine The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.
- ^ a b c Ivan Katchanovski; Zenon E. Kohut; Bohdan Y. Nebesio; Myroslav Yurkevich (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Scarecrow Press. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1.
- ^ Krystian Heffner, Marek Sobczyński, ed. (2009). Historical Regions Divided by the Borders: Cultural heritage and multicultural cities. University of Łódź, Department of Political Geography and Regional Studies. p. 147. ISBN 978-83-7126-252-4.
- ^ a b c d e f "Mukha Rebellion". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ Giurescu, Constantin C. (1974). Chronological History of Romania. Editura enciclopedică română. p. 101.
- ^ Iorga, Nicolae (1904). Istoria lui Ștefan cel Mare [The History of Stephen the Great] (in Romanian). Bucharest: MINER VA, INSTITUTE OF GRAPHIC ARTS AND PUBLISHING STR. REGALĂ NO. 6 (HOTEL UNION). pp. 219–222.