Men's 100 metres world record progression

The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as World Athletics, in 1912.

As of 21 June 2011, the IAAF has ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records.[1]

Unofficial progression before the IAAF

Time Athlete Nationality Location of races Date
10.8 Luther Cary United States Paris, France 4 July 1891
Cecil Lee  United Kingdom Brussels, Belgium 25 September 1892
Étienne De Ré  Belgium Brussels, Belgium 4 August 1893
L. Atcherley  United Kingdom Frankfurt/Main, Germany 13 April 1895
Harry Beaton  United Kingdom Rotterdam, Netherlands 28 August 1895
Harald Anderson-Arbin  Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden 9 August 1896
Isaac Westergren  Sweden Gävle, Sweden 11 September 1898
 Sweden Gävle, Sweden 10 September 1899
Frank Jarvis United States Paris, France 14 July 1900
Walter Tewksbury United States Paris, France 14 July 1900
Carl Ljung  Sweden Stockholm, Sweden 23 September 1900
Walter Tewksbury United States Philadelphia, United States 6 October 1900
André Passat  France Bordeaux, France 14 June 1903
Louis Kuhn  Switzerland Bordeaux, France 14 June 1903
Harald Grønfeldt  Denmark Aarhus, Denmark 5 July 1903
Eric Frick  Sweden Jönköping, Sweden 9 August 1903
10.6 Knut Lindberg  Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden 26 August 1906
10.5 Emil Ketterer Germany Karlsruhe, Germany 9 July 1911
Richard Rau Germany Braunschweig, Germany 13 August 1911
Richard Rau Germany Munich, Germany 12 May 1912
Erwin Kern Germany Munich, Germany 26 May 1912

IAAF record progression

Ratified
Not ratified
Ratified but later rescinded

"Wind" in these tables refers to wind assistance, the velocity of the wind parallel to the runner - positive values are from the starting line towards the finish line, negative are from the finish line towards the starting line, 0 is no wind in either direction, and all values are measured in metres per second. Any wind perpendicular to the runners (from left to right, right to left, or up to down or down to up, although the conditions of the track generally preclude those wind directions) is ignored and not listed.

"Auto" refers to automatic timing, and for the purposes of these lists, indicates auto times which were either also taken for hand-timed records, or were rounded to the tenth or hundredth of a second (depending on the rounding rules then in effect) for the official record time.

Records 1912–1976

Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Ref
10.6 Donald Lippincott United States Stockholm, Sweden 6 July 1912 [2]
Jackson Scholz 16 September 1920 [2]
10.4 Charley Paddock Redlands, USA 23 April 1921 [2]
0.0 Eddie Tolan Stockholm, Sweden 8 August 1929 [2]
Copenhagen, Denmark 25 August 1929 [2]
10.3 Percy Williams Canada Toronto, Canada 9 August 1930 [2]
0.4 10.38 Eddie Tolan United States Los Angeles, USA 1 August 1932 [2]
Ralph Metcalfe Budapest, Hungary 12 August 1933 [2]
Eulace Peacock Oslo, Norway 6 August 1934 [2]
Chris Berger  Netherlands Amsterdam, Netherlands 26 August 1934 [2]
Ralph Metcalfe United States Osaka, Japan 15 September 1934 [2]
2.0 Dairen, Japan 23 September 1934 [2]
2.5 Takayoshi Yoshioka Japan Tokyo, Japan 15 June 1935 [2]
10.2 1.2 Jesse Owens United States Chicago, USA 20 June 1936 [2]
10.3 0.5 Lennart Strandberg  Sweden Malmö, Sweden 26 September 1936 [note 1][3]: 26 
10.2 −0.9 Harold Davis United States Compton, USA 6 June 1941 [2]
0.7 Lloyd LaBeach  Panama Fresno, USA 15 May 1948 [2]
10.35 Barney Ewell United States Evanston, United States 9 July 1948 [2]
0.0 McDonald Bailey  Great Britain Belgrade, Yugoslavia 25 August 1951 [2]
1.1 Heinz Fütterer  West Germany Yokohama, Japan 31 October 1954 [2]
0.9 Bobby Morrow United States Houston, USA 19 May 1956 [2]
−1.0 Ira Murchison Compton, USA 1 June 1956 [2]
0.0 Bobby Morrow Bakersfield, USA 22 June 1956 [2]
−1.3 Ira Murchison Los Angeles, USA 29 June 1956 [2]
−0.4 Bobby Morrow
10.1 0.7 Willie Williams Berlin, Germany 3 August 1956 [2]
1.0 Ira Murchison 4 August 1956 [2]
1.5 Leamon King Ontario, USA 20 October 1956 [2]
0.9 Santa Ana, USA 27 October 1956 [2]
1.3 Ray Norton San Jose, USA 18 April 1959 [2]
10.0 0.9 10.25 Armin Hary  West Germany Zürich, Switzerland 21 June 1960 [2]
1.8 Harry Jerome Canada Saskatoon, Canada 15 July 1960 [2]
0.0 Horacio Esteves Venezuela Caracas, Venezuela 15 August 1964 [2]
1.3 10.06 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan 15 October 1964 [2]
2.0 10.17 Jim Hines  United States Modesto, USA 27 May 1967 [2]
1.8 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba Budapest, Hungary 17 June 1967 [2]
0.0 Paul Nash  South Africa Krugersdorp, South Africa 2 April 1968 [2]
1.1 Oliver Ford  United States Albuquerque, USA 31 May 1968 [2]
2.0 10.20 Charles Greene Sacramento, USA 20 June 1968 [2]
2.0 10.28 Roger Bambuck  France
9.9 0.8 10.03 Jim Hines  United States [2]
0.8 10.14 Ronnie Ray Smith
0.9 10.10 Charles Greene
0.3 9.95 Jim Hines Mexico City, Mexico 14 October 1968 [2]
0.0 Eddie Hart Eugene, USA 1 July 1972 [2]
0.0 Rey Robinson
1.3 Steve Williams Los Angeles, USA 21 June 1974 [2]
1.7 Silvio Leonard  Cuba Ostrava, Czechoslovakia 5 June 1975 [2]
0.0 Steve Williams  United States Siena, Italy 16 July 1975 [2]
−0.2 Berlin, Germany 22 August 1975 [2]
0.7 Gainesville, USA 27 March 1976 [2]
0.7 Harvey Glance Columbia, USA 3 April 1976 [2]
Baton Rouge, USA 1 May 1976 [2]
1.7 Don Quarrie  Jamaica Modesto, USA 22 May 1976 [2]

The first manual time of 9.9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics. Hayes' official time of 10.0 seconds was determined by rounding down the electronic time of 10.06 to the nearest tenth of a second, giving the appearance of a manual time. This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968, and the officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9.9 seconds.[4]

Records since 1977

Since 1975, the IAAF has accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres. Starting on January 1, 1977, the IAAF has required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events.[2]

Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race up to that date, at 9.95 seconds.[2] Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there. Those marks are included in the progression.

The event is linked on some of the dates.

Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Notes[note 2] Duration of record
10.06 1.3 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan 15 October 1964 [5] 3 years, 8 months and 5 days
10.03 0.8 Jim Hines Sacramento, USA 20 June 1968 [5] 3 months and 23 days
10.02 2.0 Charles Greene Mexico City, Mexico 13 October 1968 A[5] 1 day
9.95 0.3 Jim Hines  United States Mexico City, Mexico 14 October 1968 OR, A[2] 14 years, 8 months and 19 days
9.93 1.4 Calvin Smith Colorado Springs, USA 3 July 1983 A[2] 4 years, 1 month and 27 days
9.83 1.0 Ben Johnson  Canada Rome, Italy 30 August 1987 [note 3] 0 days
9.93 1.0 Carl Lewis  United States Rome, Italy 30 August 1987 [5][6][note 4] 11 months and 18 days
1.1 Zürich, Switzerland 17 August 1988 [2] 1 month and 7 days
9.79 1.1 Ben Johnson  Canada Seoul, South Korea 24 September 1988 [note 3][2] 0 days
9.92 1.1 Carl Lewis  United States Seoul, South Korea 24 September 1988 OR[note 3][2] 2 years, 8 months and 21 days
9.90 1.9 Leroy Burrell New York, USA 14 June 1991 [2] 2 months and 11 days
9.86 1.2[a] Carl Lewis Tokyo, Japan 25 August 1991 [2] 2 years, 10 months and 11 days
9.85 1.2 9.848 Leroy Burrell Lausanne, Switzerland 6 July 1994 [2] 2 years and 21 days
9.84 0.7 9.835 Donovan Bailey  Canada Atlanta, USA 27 July 1996 OR[2][7] 2 years, 10 months and 20 days
9.79 0.1 Maurice Greene  United States Athens, Greece 16 June 1999 [2] 3 years, 2 months and 29 days
9.78 2.0 Tim Montgomery Paris, France 14 September 2002 [8][note 5] 2 years and 9 months
9.77 1.6 9.768 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Athens, Greece 14 June 2005 [2] 10 months and 28 days
1.7 9.766 Justin Gatlin  United States Doha, Qatar 12 May 2006 [5][9][note 6] 30 days
1.5 9.763 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Gateshead, United Kingdom 11 June 2006 [2] 2 months and 7 days
1.0 9.762 Zürich, Switzerland 18 August 2006 [2] 1 year and 22 days
9.74 1.7 9.735 Rieti, Italy 9 September 2007 [1][10] 8 months and 22 days
9.72 1.7 9.715 Usain Bolt New York, USA 31 May 2008 [2] 2 months and 16 days
9.69 0.0 9.683 Beijing, China 16 August 2008 OR[2] 1 year
9.58 0.9 9.572 Berlin, Germany 16 August 2009 CR[1][11][12] 16 years, 7 months and 8 days

Low-altitude record progression 1968–1987

The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration. However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances.[13] One estimate suggests times in the 200 m sprint can be assisted by between 0.09s and 0.14s with the maximum allowable tailing wind of 2.0 m/s, and gain 0.3s at altitudes over 2000m.[14] For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled.

After the IAAF started to recognise only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude. It was not until 1987 that the world record was equalled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance. The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognise only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)

Time Athlete Nationality Location of race Date
10.03 Jim Hines[5]  United States Sacramento, USA 20 June 1968
10.03 Silvio Leonard[5]  Cuba Havana, Cuba 13 September 1977
10.02 James Sanford[5]  United States Westwood, USA 11 May 1980
10.00 Carl Lewis[5] Dallas, USA 16 May 1981
10.00 Modesto, USA 15 May 1982
9.97 Modesto, USA 14 May 1983
9.97 Calvin Smith[5] Zürich, Switzerland 24 August 1983
9.96 Mel Lattany[5] Athens, USA 5 May 1984
9.93 Carl Lewis[5] Rome, Italy 30 August 1987

See also

Notes

  1. ^ per IAAF profile; 1.0 m/s per IAAF statistic handbook
  1. ^ Lennart Strandberg ran 10.3 to tie the then-extant world record on September 26, 1936, and this was ratified as a world record. On February 28, 1938, the IAAF ratified Jesse Owens' 10.2 from June 20, 1936, meaning Strandberg's mark, achieved after Owens', was rescinded as a record.
  2. ^ "A" stands for records set more than 1,000 metres above sea level, "OR" stands for Olympic record, "CR" stands for World Championships record
  3. ^ a b c Ben Johnson's time of 9.79 on September 24, 1988 was disallowed and never ratified as a record as he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. Johnson subsequently admitted to steroid use between 1981 and 1988, and his world record of 9.83 set on August 30, 1987 was rescinded by the IAAF Council in September 1989.(Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37)
  4. ^ Carl Lewis's times of 9.93 were deemed by the IAAF to have equalled the world record after Ben Johnson's 9.83 time was rescinded, but were never ratified as world records, and his time of 9.92 to win the gold medal at the Seoul Olympics after Johnson was disqualified was recognized as the world record from January 1, 1990.
  5. ^ Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 on September 14, 2002 was rescinded after a 2005 ruling on his involvement with BALCO scandal ordered his results from 2001-2005 struck from the records and ordered him to forfeit medals and prizes from that time. By that time, however, it had been surpassed by Asafa Powell.[1]
  6. ^ Justin Gatlin was briefly credited with a new world record time of 9.76, but five days later the IAAF announced that the official timers, Tissot Timing, had discovered Gatlin's time of 9.766 had erroneously been rounded down to the nearest hundredth instead of rounded up. This time instead made Gatlin co-world record holder with Asafa Powell,[2] but this was rescinded in 2007 after Gatlin failed a doping test.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 596. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 547. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  3. ^ Hymans, Richard; Matrahazi, Imre. "IAAF World Records Progression" (PDF) (2015 ed.). International Association of Athletics Federations. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  4. ^ revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Stat Corner: 100 WR Progression". Track & Field News. 61 (7): 55. July 2008.
  6. ^ Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37
  7. ^ "10m Splits for Various 100m Final Events". Myweb.lmu.edu. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  8. ^ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". IAAF. September 14, 2002. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  9. ^ Frank Litsky (May 18, 2006). "Gatlin Must Share 100-Meter Record". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  10. ^ "Progression of IAAF World Records, 2015 Edition" (PDF). 2015. p. 33. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  11. ^ "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Berlin 2009 - Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin!". Berlin.iaaf.org. August 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  12. ^ "World records set at Berlin World Championships have been ratified". iaaf.org. September 30, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  13. ^ "Effect of wind speed and altitude on sprint times". www.brianmac.co.uk. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  14. ^ "IngentaConnect Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
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