Manuel Bofarull Palau

Manuel Bofarull Palau
Born
Manuel Bofarull Palau[1]

1851 (1851)
Mataró, Spain
Died1929 (aged 77–78)
Madrid, Spain
Occupationslawyer, notary
Known forjurist, politician
Political partyCarlism

Manuel Bofarull Palau (1851–1929) was a Spanish jurist and politician from Catalonia. He has not risen to major honors in jurisprudence, yet he wrote a law reference book which is currently considered "part of the knowledge base of civilization" and which was re-printed as late as 2023. Ideologically he generally remained within moderate Catalan right-wing Catholicism. However, between the mid-1900s and the mid-1910s he was engaged in Carlism and briefly entered its national executive, though he did not play a major role in the movement. His political climax fell on 1907–1912, when he was member of the Cortes; in 1907-1910 he served in Congreso de los Diputados, and in 1910–1912 in the Senate.

Family and youth

Manuel's paternal ancestors can be traced to the 17th century; a Pau Bofarull resided in Savallà del Comtat, where his son Miguel Bofarull (1650–1712) was born and married. His son, Joan Bofarull Montanya, a cloth merchant, moved to Santa Coloma de Queralt. It was his son, Magin Bofarull Ventalló (1731–1811), a grocer and confectioner, who in 1755 settled in Mataró.[2] After his wife he inherited a large commerce business,[3] and grew to prominence in the city.[4] His son Magin Bofarull Carbonell (1764–1845, the grandfather of Manuel) developed the business further on,[5] founding branches as far as in Cartagena;[6] he also purchased landed property.[7] His son and the father of Manuel, Gaspar Bofarull Carbonell (1814–1885), inherited some business after his childless brother and having married in 1839 Manuela Palau[8] Català (1818–1880), daughter to a "haciendado".[9] He multiplied the family wealth even more, his estates and assets located in Mataró, Barcelona, Cartagena and Valencia.[10] A contemporary scholar claims that the Bofarulls "are a perfect example of the evolution of families that base their wealth on commercial initiatives, and that over the generations become landowners and, amidst comfort and luxury, evolve towards non-productive social forms".[11] Though with no gentry roots, they started to pose as nobility.[12]

Gaspar and Manuela had 6 children, 3 girls[13] and 3 boys, born between 1840 and 1851; it is the sons who would start to appear as "de Bofarull". Manuel was the youngest one. He frequented the Instituto in Barcelona; in 1868 and with sobresaliente marks he obtained the baccalaureate there.[14] He then entered the University of Barcelona, becoming licenciado in derecho civil y canónico in 1873. Having moved to Madrid, at Central he graduated as doctor in both civil and canon law[15] with the thesis Determinación del concepto del Derecho: su relación con la Moral, defended in 1877.[16] In 1878 he was admitted to Colegio de Abogados in Barcelona and started to practice,[17] though either in 1880[18] or in 1881[19] he switched to notariado, still in Barcelona.[20]

son

In 1883[21] Bofarull married Clara Romañá Suari,[22] 5 years his junior and descendant to a family of wealthy Catalan bourgeoisie; the couple lived in Barcelona, though in the mid-1880s[23] they moved permanently to Madrid,[24] where Manuel continued to practice as a notary.[25] The couple had 5 children.[26] The only one who became a public figure was Manuel de Bofarull Romañá, a politician and Cortes deputy in the 1950s. Bofarull's grandson, Ignacio Uriarte Bofarull,[27] gained some recognition as an ACNDP activist during late Francoism and afterwards.[28] Among other relatives his brother-in-law, engaged in electricity, manufacturing, railways and construction businesses,[29] was granted the title of barón de Romañá.[30] Bofarull's oldest brother Juan, a landowner and merchant, served as vice-consul of Portugal,[31] while the other one José became a religious and headed càtedra de Psicologia i Lògica in the Barcelona seminary;[32] their sister Concepción, also a religious, became superiora of the Sant Josep convent in Mataró.[33] His maternal cousin José de Palau y de Huguet was a scholar and writer.[34]

Jurist and other engagements

Initially it appeared that Bofarull would opt for a scientific or academic career, as during 10 years after obtaining his doctorado he published two major juridical works.[35] The first one, originally titled Tratado completo del Derecho romano en cuadros sinópticos, según el orden general de la Instituta (1878), was a structured reference book presenting terms and concepts of the Roman law. In its re-worked version[36] it was prized at Exposición Universal in Barcelona in 1888 and was admitted as manual for university students. Similar in format was La Codificación Civil en España (1887, also prized), re-issued as El Código Civil Español según la edición oficial. Anotado y concordado con la anterior legislación y jurisprudencia española y los códigos extranjeros (1888); 150 years later it would be declared "culturally important" as "part of the knowledge base of civilization" and re-printed (2023).[37] Apéndice al Código Civil español followed (1889). There were, however, no other similar works written and except technical La crisis del Notariado y las Cámaras de Contratación inmobiliaria (1908) Bofarull published no other major study.[38] He basked in prestige: prior to 1878 he entered Real Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación,[39] took part in national congresses,[40] and formed part of Tribunales de Oposiciones, assessing candidates for university teaching positions in Roman law.[41] He practiced as notary until 1925.[42]

Bofarull was member of numerous corporate organizations, which chiefly fall into two groups. One was related to agriculture: Instituto Agricolá Catalán de San Isidro, Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País, Real Sociedad Económica Gerundense,[43] Federación Agrícola Catalana Balear, Sindicatos Agrícolas de la Provincia de Gerona, and Asamblea General de la Propiedad y Agraria. The other one was about property management: Cámara de Propierdad Urbana de Cataluña, Federación Nacional de las Cámaras de la Propiedad (which he co-founded), and various provincial Cámaras de Propiedad in Catalonia.[44] He cultivated his Catalan identity when in 1890 in Madrid he co-founded Centre Catalá,[45] a Catalan cultural and business hub in the capital, and grew to its vice-presidency in the early 1900s.[46] His minor Catalan engagements were related to local initiatives, like membership in Associació Artístich-Arqueològica Mataronesa.[47] On the social front he was briefly busy in Instituto de Reformas Sociales, listed among "vocales representantes de la grande industria".[48] He remained active in executive of lay Catholic organisations, like Patronato de Señoras de la Virgen de Montserrat and Congregación de Nuestra Señora de Montserrat (both in Madrid).[49] There is some unclarity as to his role in ACNDP. Some sources claim that in 1909 a "Manuel Bofarull" was among co-founders of the ACNDP and wrote the statute of its publishing house, Editorial Católica, later to issue El Debate;[50] however, the information is confusing and it appears that the person in question was rather his son.[51] Confusion is related also to few other issues.[52] In 1919-1920 he served as a consul of Turkey in Madrid.[53]

Parliamentary career

among Carlist MPs, 1907

Bofarull entered politics fairly late, when he was approaching 50 years of age; at the time he was already a well-established Madrid notary and active member of numerous Catalan cultural and business organizations. There is nothing known about either the motives or circumstances of his engagement into political matters. In late 1905, during propaganda campaign prior to general elections scheduled for December, he decided to run in Vilademúls, a Catalan district with which he had nothing to do. It is unclear what mechanism got him fielded there. He stood as an independent candidate, yet a Carlist periodical advertised him as "nuestro amigo", pointing to his religiosity and regionalist Catalan spirit.[54] He was eventually fairly easily defeated by a canalejista candidate, Manuel Raventós Doménech.[55]

In general elections of 1907 Bofarull again decided to run from Vilademúls, this time as a candidate of Solidaritat Catalana;[56] during internal squabbling he gained the upper hand over Pere Rahola, who also aspired to this position.[57] He was comfortably elected,[58] having secured support of 4,606 out of 4,643 active voters.[59] There is little known of his activity in Congreso de Diputados; the press of the era and the official Cortes service provide close to no information on his engagements. During the 1910 elections he stood in Vilademúls once more; this time, since Solidaritat has mostly disintegrated, as a Carlist candidate.[60] He lost to Carlos Cusi de Miquelet.[61] However, he re-calibrated his focus and few months later emerged as a candidate to the Senate from the Gerona province (of which Vilademúls formed part). In the press he appeared either as carlista[62] or as católico.[63] Bofarull was supported by 193 of the electors and obtained the ticket,[64] becoming one of 10 Carlists who served in the Senate in 1903–1923.[65] In the upper chamber he remained fairly active; his engagements were mostly about development of the road infrastructure (and, to a lesser extent, railways) in Catalonia,[66] though at times also beyond.[67] His term expired in 1912.[68]

Throughout some further 10 years to come Bofarull attempted to resume his career in the Cortes, either in the senate or in Congreso de los Diputados. In 1914 he was supposed to run for the lower chamber from Vilademúls and was even listed as one of the candidates,[69] yet it is not clear whether he withdrew or was defeated. The same year he tried to re-enter the upper chamber, again from the Gerona province; during the backstage talks he did not secure enough support and his bid failed.[70] His last known attempt is dated 1920, when Bofarull was listed as a governmental candidate endorsed by the conservative cabinet of Eduardo Dato; he was counted among candidates "procedientes del tradicionalismo y defensa social", again from Vilademúls.[71] Nothing is furtherly known about this failed attempt.

Carlist

A scientific monographic work on Catalan Carlism of the late 19th-century does not indicate any Carlist family antecedents.[72] Bofarull's father supported the Liberals, a common option among Catalan bourgeoisie of the mid-19th century.[73] Hence, it is not clear in what circumstances Manuel approached Traditionalism. His earlier public engagements were rather marked by general Catholic flavor and Catalan spirit; in 1872 he co-founded Asociación de Católicos and Centro Obrero in Mataro, served as president of Juventud Católica of Mataró until the early 1880s[74] and was among co-founders of the Madrid Centre Catalá in the 1890s.[75] The first information pointing to his links with Carlism is dated 1905, when he was supported by Traditionalist press during his first bid for the Cortes.[76] It is also known that he used to publish articles in a Carlist periodical El Diario de Mataró y su Comarca,[77] yet neither the timing nor the scale of his contributions are known.

Having joined Carlist ranks and as resident in Madrid, he was member of Círculo Tradicionalista in the capital. In 1908 he rose to president of this body and held the position at least until 1909.[78] In 1910 he grew to vice-president of Junta Regional Carlista of Castilla la Nueva, the regional party executive (Madrid formed part of New Castile),[79] though nothing is known of his membership in the provincial Madrid command layer. In 1912 he made one more step up the ladder, when the claimant Jaime III appointed the new national executive, a 25-member Junta Nacional Tradicionalista.[80] It was composed mostly of regional leaders and Cortes members; it was Bofarull's senator ticket which earned him the nomination.[81] In 1913 and together with Pascual Comín and Cipriano Rodríguez Monte he formed part of one of its 10 specialized committees; as expert lawyer he was nominated to "Comisión de defensa jurídica de los Legitimistas que sufran persecución por delitos políticos".[82]

It is not clear when Bofarull's term in Junta Nacional terminated and whether upon expiry of his senate ticket he lost his place in the national executive; no historiographic work mentions his membership from 1914 onwards.[83] During the Great War Carlism got increasingly fragmented over numerous issues; one of them was position towards the warring sides, as the claimant sympathized with Entente while most heavyweights, including the chief theorist Juan Vázquez de Mella, technically opted for neutrality, while in fact siding with Germany. Bofarull appeared to have been among the latter; in 1915 he subscribed to La Amistad Hispanogermana and co-signed a manifesto which called for neutrality.[84] He was not among protagonists of the internal strife and none of the sources indicates whether in 1919, when the conflict climaxed in open showdown, he joined the rebellious Mellistas; his son did. There is no information on his Carlist engagements later on.[85] A contemporary scholar counts him among 20-odd "elit política del carlisme català"[86] but claims also that "si parlem amb rigor, no es tractava d’un dirigent del carlisme català", referring to his scarce activity in the party ranks.[87]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ his nombre and apellidos might come in different formats, compare 1) "Manuel Bofarull Palau" (some contemporary periodicals, see e.g. Heraldo de Gerona 25.04.07, available here); 2) "Manuel Bofarull y Palau" (older reference prints, see e.g. Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War, Washington 1905, p. 756); 3) "Manuel Bofarull de Palau" (official Senate website, available here); 4) "Manuel de Bofarull de Palau" (some historiographical works, see e.g. Francesc Costa Oller, El llibre de les famílies de Mataró, Mataró 2023, p. 69); 5) "Manuel Bofarull i de Palau" (Catalan online encyclopedia, see here, and some historiographic works, see e.g. Ramon Reixach i Puig, Els orígens de la tradició política liberal catòlica a Catalunya. Mataró, s. XVIII i XIX, Mataro 2008, ISBN 9788493310967 p. 806); 6) "Manuel de Bofarull y de Palau" (official Cámara de Diputados website, available here, also the family-ordered necrological note, see El Debate 21.11.29, available here). Moreover, each of these forms might come in Spanish and Catalanised version (the protagonist has never used the latter). As there seems to be no particular version prevailing, this entry opts for the simplest one
  2. ^ Francesc Costa Oller, Notícia dels Bofarull, [in:] Sessió d’Estudis Mataronins 9 (1992), pp. 143-144, also Francesc Costa Oller, El llibre de les famílies de Mataró, Mataró 2023, p. 69
  3. ^ because of his 3rd marriage (with Antonia Riera Macies, widow after Josep Carbonell Serra) he inherited also the business of her deceased husband, and "gran patrimoni dels Carbonell passava íntegre als Bofarull", Costa Oller 1992, p. 144
  4. ^ Costa Oller 1992, p. 143
  5. ^ apart from trade, confectionery, and brewery he engaged also in textile, spirits, and printing industry, Costa Oller 1992, p. 144
  6. ^ Costa Oller 1992, p. 144
  7. ^ his sfocus was on Cartagena, where the company Germans Bofarull i Carbonell became the official state supplier. He also formed numerous other companies, active at the turn of the centuries, before the Napoleonic period, and bought estates, Costa Oller 1992, pp. 145-146
  8. ^ spelling of this surname differs across various sources. For "Paláu" version see La Lectura Dominical 30.11.29, available here. The Senado service opts for "Palau", compare Bofarull de Palau, Manuel entry, [in:] official Senate service, available here; this is the version preferred e.g. also in the online Catalan encyclopedia, see Manuel Bofarull i de Palau entry, [in:] Enciclopèdia.cat service, available here. "Palau" is also the version which appears on the birth certificate of Manuel, compare Partida de bautismo, [in:] official Senate service, available here, and as such is adopted here
  9. ^ both her parents were from Mataró, see Partida de bautismo, [in:] official Senate service, available here
  10. ^ Costa Oller 1992, p. 150
  11. ^ "Els Bofarull són tot un exemple de l'evolució de les famílies que fonamenten el seu paüimoni i situació social a l'ampara de les iniciatives comercials, i que amb el pas de les generacions esdevenen senyors i enmig de la comoditat i el luxe evolucionen cap a formes socials no productives, vivint de les rendes patrimonials, l'explotació dels drets de consums i d'altres beneficis", Costa Oller 1992, p. 143
  12. ^ Armand de Fluvià Escorsa, La pretesa noblesa dels Bofarull de Savallà del comtat i de Santa Coloma de Queralt traslladats a Mataró, [in:] Paratge: quaderns d'estudis de genealogia, heràldica, sigil•lografia i nobiliària 12 (2000), pp. 21-22
  13. ^ for details see Ramon Reixach i Puig, Els orígens de la tradició política liberal catòlica a Catalunya. Mataró, s. XVIII i XIX, Mataro 2008, ISBN 9788493310967 p. 806
  14. ^ Partida de bautismo, [in:] official Senate service, available here, p. 4
  15. ^ Antonio Elas de Molins, Diccionario biográfico y bibliográfico de escritores y artistas catalanes del siglo XIX, vol. 1, Barcelona 1889, p. 296
  16. ^ Bofarull de Palau, Manuel entry, [in:] Portal de Archivos Españoles service, available here, also Aurora Miguel Alonso (ed.), Doctores en derecho por la Universidad Central. Catálogo de tesis doctorales 1847-1914, Madrid 2021, ISBN 9788413779065, p. 201
  17. ^ La Fe 23.10.78, available here
  18. ^ El Sol 22.11.29, available here
  19. ^ B. de Artagan [Reynaldo Brea], Príncipe heróico y soldados leales, Barcelona 1912, p. 129
  20. ^ in 1880 he was admitted to Colegio Teritorial [of notaries] de Barcelona, see his Expediente personal, [in:] official Senate service, available here
  21. ^ Expediente personal, [in:] official Senate service, available here
  22. ^ the "Romañá" spelling is adopted in the act of marriage certificate, compare Expediente personal, [in:] official Senate service, available here; "Romaña" is the option preferred at the official Cortes service, compare here; "Romana" featured in the press, compare "Es su viuda doña Clara Romana y Suari de cuyo matrimonio viven dos hijos", La Vanguardia 24.11.29; some historiographic works prefer "Romanyà", see Costa Oller 1992
  23. ^ one source claims 1885 and notes that the post was "obtenido por concurso", Diario oficial de avisos de Madrid 21.10.85, available here. Other sources might point to 1886
  24. ^ the family lived at calle del Barguillo 6, in the very centre of Madrid, see Bofarull Palau, Manuel, [in:] Patrimonio documental del Ilustre Colegio de la Abogacía de Madrid, available here
  25. ^ in 1888 he entered Colegio de Abogados de Madrid, Bofarull Palau, Manuel, [in:] Patrimonio documental del Ilustre Colegio de la Abogacía de Madrid, available here
  26. ^ named José Oriol, Carmen, Manuel, Hilaria and Clara, El Debate 21.11.29, available here
  27. ^ he was son to Manuel's daughter Carmen Bofarull Romaña, married to Uriarte y Clavería, La Correspondencia de España 24.12.10, available here
  28. ^ Uriarte de Bofarull, Ignacio entry, [in:] ACdP. Diccionario Biografico, available here
  29. ^ Manuel Bofarull Palau was business partner to at least some of their enterprises, as in 1904 together with Francisco Romaña y Suari he was co-owner of the La Fortuna printing house, Boletín oficial de la propiedad intelectual e industrial 1904, available here. He was still noted as co-owner in 1911, see Industria é invenciones 1911, available here
  30. ^ the title is currently defunct, Baronia de Romañà entry, [in:] Enciclopedia.cat service, available here
  31. ^ married to Dolores de Franch, he commenced the Bofarull i de Franch line, Reixach i Puig 2008, p. 806
  32. ^ Reixach i Puig 2008, p. 646
  33. ^ Enarnació was married to Terenci Thos Bofarull, Reixach i Puig 2008, p. 806, also Fluvià Escorsa 2000, pp. 21-22
  34. ^ apart from José de Palau i d'Huguet, his brother and another Manuel's cousin Antoní de Palau i d'Huguet gained some recognition as editor-in-chief of the Carlist periodical El Correo Catalan; one more brother and cousin Camil de Palau i d'Huguet became a religious and grew to vicar general of Seville and Toledo
  35. ^ apart from a minor pamphlet La libertad social y el poder público (1877)
  36. ^ titled Tratado de Derecho Romano según la Instituta
  37. ^ compare Manuel Bofarull y de Palau, El Código Civil Español, s.l. 2023, at the Amazon service, available here
  38. ^ compare La crisis del notariado y las cámaras de contratación inmobiliaria at the Todocolección service, available here
  39. ^ Tratado completo del derecho Romano at the GoogleBooks service, available here
  40. ^ he represented Colegios Notariales de Cataluña in Congreso Nacional de Jurisconsultos in Madrid, El Debate 21.11.29, available here
  41. ^ e.g. in Seville and Santiago de Compostela, El Pais 06.03.10, available here
  42. ^ El Pais 06.03.10, available here
  43. ^ he sponsored a related prize, Heraldo de Gerona 31.10.07, available here
  44. ^ Artagan 1912, pp. 130-131
  45. ^ Artagan 1912, p. 129
  46. ^ La Cruz 12.02.07, available here
  47. ^ Josep Antoni Cerdà Mellado, Les actes inèdites de l'"Associació Artístich-Arqueològica Mataronesa, [in:] Fulls del Museu Arxiu de Santa Maria 99 (2011), p. 17
  48. ^ Gaceta de Mallorca 07.03.08, available here
  49. ^ Artagan 1912, p. 131
  50. ^ José Luis Orella Martínez, El origen del primer catolicismo social español [PhD thesis UNED], Madrid 2012, pp. 46, 68
  51. ^ in a footnote one author either confuses the father and the son or merges them into one person, compare a footnote "Bofarull y Palau, Manuel de: Socio fundador de la ACNdP Tomó la insignia el 3 de diciembre de 1909. Licenciado y Doctor en Derecho.... Participó en el mitin que se celebró en el Monumental Cinema en 1934 contra la política aplicada por la República. Miembro de la Junta de Gobierno de la Academia de Jurisprudencia. En enero de 1942 es nombrado Presidente de la Junta de Gobierno del Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Madrid....", Cristina Barreiro Gordillo, Historia de la Asociación Católica de Propagandistas. La presidencia de Fernando Martín-Sánchez Julia, Madrid 2010, ISBN 9788492456673, p. 141
  52. ^ apart from ACNDP, the confusion as to the father and the son affects also other issues. Though initially Manuel Bofarull Romañá was referred in the press as "Manuel Bofarull (hijo)", compare El Liberal 20.07.11, available here, in the late 1910s and early 1920s this distinction was dropped. A "Manuel Bofarull" was consejero of Banco de León XIII and used to give lectures on agricultural credit, see El Universo 24.07.18, available here, and worked on cheap credit schemes, see Orella Martínez 2012, pp. 131, 133. A "Manuel Bofarull" was also president of junta municipal of the Palacio district in Madrid, see El Debate 10.04.23, available here. Moreover, a "Manuel Bofarull" was engaged in numerous social-Catholic initiatives, see Orella Martínez 2012, pp. 189, 205, 214, 245, 304, 306, 308. It appears that in most cases the person in question was the son, as Bofarull Palau was about 70 years of age at the time
  53. ^ perhaps he served as Turkish consul longer, but there is evidence for 1919-1920 only, see e.g. Guía Oficial de España 1919, available here. It is entirely unclear why Bofarull Palau served as the Turkish consul, as there are no links to Turkey in his biography identified
  54. ^ El Tradicionalista 17.12.05, available here
  55. ^ La Almudaina 03.01.06, available here
  56. ^ La Correspondencia de España 24.04.07, available here
  57. ^ Isidre Molas, Els senadors carlins de Catalunya (1901-1923), Barcelona 2009, p. 22
  58. ^ his election was unique, as from Vilademuls there were conservative and liberal deputies alternating, but never a Carlist, he was the only one elected between 1876 and 1923, Josep Armengol i Segú, El poder de la influencia geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923), Madrid 2001, ISBN 9788425911521 p. 723
  59. ^ Bofarull y de Palau, Manuel, [in:] official Cortes service, available here
  60. ^ El Mundo 17.04.10, available here
  61. ^ La Lucha 09.05.01, available here
  62. ^ El Correo 22.05.10, available here
  63. ^ El Defensor de Córdoba 23.05.10, available here a
  64. ^ Bofarull defeated Bartolomé Bosch (178 votes), Federico Rahola (182) and others, El Defensor de Córdoba 23.05.10, available here
  65. ^ Molas 2009, p. 13. In 1910 Bofarull was one of 4 Carlists in the senate, along Ampuero, Polo y Peyrolon, and Marques de Vesolla (Luis Elío Elío Magallón), Jacek Bartyzel, Tradycjonalizm bez kompromisu, Radzymin 2023, ISBN 9788366480605, p. 695
  66. ^ Bofarull de Palau, Manuel entry, [in:] official Ssenate service, available here
  67. ^ e.g. he intervened in case of a Villacastín - Vigo railway, compare Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes. Senado (November 12, 1910), available here
  68. ^ according to the official Senate website his term concluded in 1911, compare Bofarull de Palau, Manuel entry, [in:] official Senate service, available here; however, he was recorded as taking part in a session of June 13, 1912, Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes. Senado [November 13, 1912], available here
  69. ^ La Tradición 14.02.14, available here
  70. ^ Molas 2009, pp. 14, 19
  71. ^ La Atalaya 10.12.20, available here
  72. ^ apart from Pedro Bofarull (a Barcelona publisher, unclear whether related), no family member is mentioned in Jordi Canal i Morell, El carlisme catala dins l'Espanya de la restauracio: un assaig de modernització politica (1888-1900), Barcelona 1998, ISBN 9788476022436
  73. ^ Reixach 2008, p. 646
  74. ^ Artagan 1912, p. 129
  75. ^ Artagan 1912, pp. 129-130
  76. ^ El Tradicionalista 17.12.05, available here
  77. ^ Reixach 2008, p. 647
  78. ^ Artagan 1912, p. 130
  79. ^ Artagan 1912, pp. 129-130
  80. ^ El Castellano 14.11.12, available here, Agustín Fernández Escudero, El Marqués de Cerralbo (1845–1922): biografía política [PhD thesis Universidad Complutense], Madrid 2012, p. 444
  81. ^ with 10 Carlists elected, the 1907 elections produced their largest minority during the Restoration period
  82. ^ Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 458
  83. ^ compare a detailed monograph on Carlism during the Cerralbo leadership, Fernández Escudero 2012. A monograph on the Mellista breakup does not mention Bofarull at all, see Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, El cisma mellista: historia de una ambición política, Madrid 2000, ISBN 9788487863820. Neither the work on Catalan Carlism which covers also de primoderiverismo period mentions him after 1912, Joan Torrents Juncà, El jaumisme català. Partit, ideari i sociabilitat (1909-1931), [in:] Daniel Montañá Buchaca, Josep Rafart Canals (eds.), L'herència catalanista del carlisme, Barcelona 2019, ISBN 9788494798153, pp. 175-200
  84. ^ La Tribuna 26.12.15, available here
  85. ^ compare Fernández Escudero 2012 (late Restoration), Andrés Martín 2000 (Mellista breakup), Torrents Juncà 2019 (Primo dictatorship)
  86. ^ Molas 2008, p. 16
  87. ^ Molas 2008, p. 19

Further reading

  • Francesc Costa Oller, Notícia dels Bofarull, [in:] Sessió d’Estudis Mataronins 9 (1992), pp. 143–144
  • Francesc Costa Oller, El llibre de les famílies de Mataró, Mataró 2023
  • Isidre Molas, Els senadors carlins de Catalunya (1901-1923), Barcelona 2009
  • José Luis Orella Martínez, El origen del primer catolicismo social español [PhD thesis UNED], Madrid 2012
  • Ramon Reixach i Puig, Els orígens de la tradició política liberal catòlica a Catalunya. Mataró, s. XVIII i XIX, Mataró 2008, ISBN 9788493310967
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