Mandubii

The Mandubii (Gaulish: *Mandubioi) were a small Gallic tribe dwelling in and around their chief town Alesia, in modern Côte-d'Or, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.

Name

An oppidum Mandubiorum is mentioned by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1] and the tribe is designated as Mandoubíōn (Μανδουβίων) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD).[2][3]

The ethnonym Mandubii is a latinized form of Gaulish *Mandubioi (sing. *Mandubios). It is generally seen as deriving from the stem mandu- ('pony').[4][5] Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert has proposed to compare the name with the Welsh mathru ('trample upon').[6]

Geography

The territory of the Mandubii was located in the Haux-Aixois region, between the settlements of Alesia in the north, Blessey in the east, Braux in the west, and Sombernon in the southeast.[7] This small area

During the reign of the Roman emperor Augustus, their small territory was incorporated into the Lingonian territory.[8] In the unstable period following the death of Nero in 68 AD, the Mandubii were excluded from the Lingonian territory and attached to the Aedui.[7]

History

Mandubian ceramics are attested in Villaines-les-Prévôtes by the 2nd century BC. While under the influence of the neighbouring and more powerful Aedui and Lingones, the Mandubii benefited from a relative autonomy (at least economic and cultural) before the Roman conquest.[9]

Religion

At Alesia, Apollo appears prominently as a local deity, presiding over the monumental sanctuary of Croix-Saint-Charles, a site occupied since the pre-Roman period. There, he is assimilated with Moritasgus, a god attested only at Alesia. Dedications have also been found to Rosmerta, and to the couples Albius and Damona, Ucuetis and Bergusia, and Mars Cicolluis with Litavis.[10]

References

  1. ^ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 7:68:1.
  2. ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:2:3.
  3. ^ Falileyev 2010, s.v. Mandubii.
  4. ^ Evans 1967, pp. 222–223.
  5. ^ Delamarre 2003, p. 215.
  6. ^ Lambert 1994, p. 36.
  7. ^ a b Barral, Guillaumet & Nouvel 2002, p. 280.
  8. ^ Barral, Guillaumet & Nouvel 2002, p. 279.
  9. ^ Barral, Guillaumet & Nouvel 2002, p. 282.
  10. ^ Raepsaet-Charlier 2013, pp. 182–183.

Bibliography

  • Barral, Philippe; Guillaumet, Jean-Paul; Nouvel, Pierre (2002). Garcia, D.; Verdin, F. (eds.). "Le territoire des Éduens d'après les dernières découvertes". Territoires celtiques, espaces ethniques et territoire des agglomérations d'Europe occidentale, actes du XXIV° congrès de l'AFEAF, Martigues, 1er - 4 juin 2000. Errance: 271–296.
  • Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695.
  • Evans, D. Ellis (1967). Gaulish Personal Names: A Study of Some Continental Celtic Formations. Clarendon Press. OCLC 468437906.
  • Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
  • Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1994). La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies. Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2.
  • Raepsaet-Charlier, Marie-Thérèse (2013). "Alésia et ses dieux : du culte d'Apollon Moritasgos à l'appartenance civique des Mandubiens à l'époque gallo-romaine". L'Antiquité Classique. 82 (1): 165–194. doi:10.3406/antiq.2013.3831.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.