Majalengka Regency
Majalengka Regency
Kabupaten Majalengka | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮙᮏᮜᮦᮀᮊ |
Panyaweuyan Rice field in Argapura | |
|
Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Sindang Kasih Sugih Mukti ᮞᮤᮔ᮪ᮓᮀ ᮊᮞᮤᮂ ᮞᮥᮌᮤᮂ ᮙᮥᮊ᮪ᮒᮤ | |
Location within West Java | |
| Coordinates: 6°50′07″S 108°13′39″E / 6.8352°S 108.2276°E | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | West Java |
| Government | |
| • Regent | Eman Suherman |
| • Vice Regent | Dena Muhamad Ramdhan |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,204.24 km2 (464.96 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2024 estimate) | |
• Total | 1,352,541 |
| • Density | 1,123.15/km2 (2,908.94/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (WIB) |
| Area code | +62 233 |
| Website | majalengkakab.go.id |
Majalengka Regency is the landlocked regencies (kabupaten) in West Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,204.24 square kilometres (464.96 sq mi) and had a population of 1,166,473 at the 2010 Census[2] and 1,305,476 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as of mid 2024 was 1,352,541 (comprising 678,206 males and 674,335 females).[1] The administrative capital is the town of Majalengka.
History
Administrative and politics
A besluit (decree) number 23 issued on 5 January 1819 by the Commissioners-General of the Dutch East Indies formally created Maja Regency. This new regency incorporated the former Rajagaluh and Talaga regencies. The first regent appointed was Raden Adipati Denda Negara. Initially, districts of Maja were Talaga, Sindangkasih, and Rajagaluh with total area of 625 pal. Maja bordered Sumedang to the west, Cirebon and Kuningan to the east, Indramayu to the north, and Galuh and Sukapura to the south.[4] In 1830s, districts of Maja were expanded to six: Maja, Sindangkasih, Rajagaluh, Talaga, Palimanan, and Kadongdong.[5]
On 11 February 1840, Governor-General D. J. de Eerens enacted besluit no. 2, officially renaming Maja Regency to Majalengka Regency. The government seat, formerly located in Sindangkasih, was likewise redesignated as Majalengka.[6] In 1862, the colonial government revised the administrative boundaries once again. Through besluit no. 4 dated 24 may 1862, the Governor-General reassigned Palimanan District to Cirebon Regency, citing its closer proximity to Cirebon's government seat compared to Majalengka's.[7]
Socio-economics
In 1890, agricultural land covered 47,469 bau (1 bau ≈ 7,096.49 m2). Of this area, about 40,704 bau or 85.75% consisted of irrigated rice fields. Another 5,678 bau or 11.9% was tegalan (non-irrigated dry fields), while the remaining 2.29% was coffee plantations.[8]
Jatiwangi had the largest share of rice fields at 36.19%, followed by Talaga (21.12%), Rajagaluh (18.30%), Majalengka (16.12%), and Maja (8.27%). Dry fields were most extensive in Talaga, accounting for 38.76% of the total tegalan, while Rajagaluh had the smallest portion, covering 263 bau or 4.63%.[8] Coffee cultivation was concentrated mainly in Talaga and Maja, each respectively contributed 55.29% and 32.94% totaling 959 bau or 88.22% of the coffee-growing area.[9]
In December 1896, coffee estates employed 164,113 workers across 165 villages. By 1900, the workforce had increased by 2.92% to 168,905 people, and the number of participating villages rose to 167.[10] Within the Cirebon Residency, Majalengka's share of the coffee labor force rose from 26.56% in 1896 to 36.67% in 1900. Its share of villages involved in coffee cultivation also increased, from 24.77% to 34.58% of all coffee-producing villages in the residency.[11]
Between 1890 and 1902, Majalengka produced a total of 8,094 pikul (1 pikul ≈ 61.76kg) of coffee.[11] During the same period, the Cirebon Residency produced 26,062 pikul, meaning Majalengka contributed 31.06% of the residency's total output.[12] Majalengka's production was only second to Galuh Regency which produced 8,217 pikul. Majalengka's peak production occurred in 1892 reaching 2,105 pikul while the lowest output was recorded in 1902 at 52 pikul. The highest proportional contribution to the residency's production occurred in 1894 when Majalengka supplied 47.75% of the total, while the lowest was in 1902 at 6.88%.[13]
Sugarcane cultivation in Majalengka began in Jatitujuh following the enactment of the 1870 Agrarian Law.[14] In 1876, the colonial administration established a sugar factory in Kadipaten, operated by a company named Suiker Fabrick. The facility was expanded in 1896, along with an increase in production capacity. In the same year, another sugar factory was opened in Sutawangi, Jatiwangi District.[15]
By 1901, sugarcane estates were operating in three districts: Rajagaluh with 615 bau, Majalengka with 1,091 bau, and Jatiwangi with 1,163 bau. With the factories in Kadipaten and Jatiwangi, and the additional plant in Parungjaya, total sugar output reached 200,466 pikul consisting of 153,233 pikul of top-grade sugar and 47,243 pikul of second-grade ones.[15]
In 1904, the Governor-General granted erfpacht rights over 229 bau of land in Kadipaten to J. F. Vogel, Wilemine de Vogel, and Julius Charlotte de Vogel for sugarcane plantation. In 1906, these rights were sold to NV Cultuur Maatschappij Kadipaten.[15]
In 1885, tea plantations in Majalengka covered 368 bau, concentrated in two areas: Carenang and Pasir Buntu.[16]
In the commerce sector, the colonial administration recorded a total salt trading volume of 53,425 pikul from 1894 to 1899. The highest sales were reported in 1894, reaching 9,202 pikul, while the lowest occurred in 1897, amounting to 8,761 pikul.[17]
In 1900, the colonial government constructed the Jatitujuh Dam to regulate the Cimanuk River. In 1911, work began on another structure, a manually operated movable dam called Gerak Dam (gerak means move) located about 500 meters away. It entered operation in 1916.[10]
In the industrial sector, roof-tile production emerged in 1905 in Cikarokok, Burujul Wetan Village, Jatiwangi District. The industry initially grew slowly due to local taboos against using clay tiles. It began to expand around 1930 following the construction of colonial government housing that adopted clay roofing.[17]
A livestock report submitted by Resident C. J. A. E. T. Hiljee on 3 June 1930 described the condition of animal husbandry in Majalengka Regency for the year 1926.[16] The livestock raised consisted of horses, cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep, and goats. Nearly all onderdistriks kept every type of livestock. Exceptions were noted: pigs were only raised in Liangjulang, Talaga, Cikijing, Jatiwangi, and Jatitujuh onderdistriks, while cattle were not raised in Sukahaji, Cikijing, and Leuwimunding onderdistriks.[18]
The district with the largest number of livestock was Majalengka District recording 32,100 animals (approx. 32.17% of the total), while Rajagaluh District had the lowest count with 12,840 animals (approx. 12.87%). The most common animals raised were sheep, buffalo, and goats, which together accounted for 97,627 head (approx. 97.83%). Cattle were the least numerous with only 138 head (approx. 0.14%). Pigs, numbering 490 (approx. 0.49%), were more prevalent than cattle by comparison and were concentrated primarily in Jatiwangi and Talaga to meet demand from non-pribumi residents.[18]
Administrative districts
The Majalengka Regency consists of 26 districts (kecamatan), subdivided into 13 urban villages (kelurahan) and 318 rural villages (desa); 10 of the kelurahan are in Majalengka (town) District, and the other three are in Cigasong District. These districts are listed below with their areas and populations at the 2010[2] and 2020 Census[3] together with the official estimates as of mid 2024.[1] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages in each district (totalling 330 rural desa and 13 urban kelurahan), and their postcode(s).
| Kode Wilayah |
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n 2010 Census |
Pop'n 2020 Census |
Pop'n mid 2024 estimate |
Admin centre |
No. of villages |
Post code(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32.10.01 | Lemahsugih | 78.64 | 57,038 | 63,223 | 65,238 | Lemahputih | 19 | 45465 |
| 32.10.02 | Bantarujeg | 66.52 | 42,634 | 46,289 | 47,363 | Babakansari | 13 | 45464 |
| 32.10.26 | Malausma | 45.04 | 40,936 | 47,784 | 50,305 | Malausma | 11 | 45460 |
| 32.10.03 | Cikijing | 43.54 | 59,577 | 67,467 | 70,197 | Sukamukti | 15 | 45466 |
| 32.10.23 | Cingambul | 37.03 | 35,719 | 42,604 | 45,228 | Cingambul | 13 | 45467 |
| 32.10.04 | Talaga | 43.50 | 43,045 | 47,742 | 49,276 | Talagakulon | 17 | 45463 |
| 32.10.22 | Banjaran | 41.98 | 23,903 | 25,015 | 25,244 | Banjaran | 13 | 45468 |
| 32.10.05 | Argapura | 60.56 | 33,460 | 36,470 | 37,388 | Sukasari Kidul | 14 | 45462 |
| 32.10.06 | Maja | 65.21 | 48,396 | 52,155 | 53,234 | Maja Selatan | 18 | 45461 |
| 32.10.07 | Majalengka (town) |
57.00 | 68,871 | 73,052 | 74,107 | Majalengka Wetan | 14 (a) | 45411 - 45419 |
| 32.10.20 | Cigasong | 24.17 | 33,937 | 37,763 | 39,025 | Cicenang | 10 (b) | 45476 |
| 32.10.08 | Sukahaji | 32.52 | 39,579 | 46,943 | 49,725 | Cikalong | 13 | 45470 |
| 32.10.25 | Sindang | 23.97 | 14,409 | 16,912 | 17,842 | Sindang | 7 | 45471 |
| 32.10.09 | Rajagaluh | 34.37 | 41,377 | 46,819 | 48,699 | Rajagaluh | 13 | 45472 |
| 32.10.21 | Sindangwangi | 31.76 | 30,290 | 34,315 | 35,709 | Sindangwangi | 10 | 45474 |
| 32.10.10 | Leuwimunding | 32.46 | 55,736 | 63,932 | 66,850 | Leuwimunding | 14 | 45473 |
| 32.10.19 | Palasah | 38.69 | 45,661 | 53,275 | 56,075 | Waringin | 13 | 45475 |
| 32.10.11 | Jatiwangi | 40.03 | 82,524 | 90,174 | 92,540 | Sutawangi | 16 | 45454 |
| 32.10.12 | Dawuan | 23.80 | 44,491 | 47,633 | 48,495 | Bojongcideres | 11 | 45453 |
| 32.10.24 | Kasokandel | 31.61 | 45,858 | 52,808 | 55,302 | Kasokandel | 10 | 45451 |
| 32.10.18 | Panyingkiran | 22.98 | 29,576 | 32,691 | 33,696 | Panyingkiran | 9 | 45459 |
| 32.10.13 | Kadipaten | 21.86 | 43,346 | 47,294 | 48,504 | Heuleut | 7 | 45452 |
| 32.10.14 | Kertajati | 138.36 | 42,263 | 47,578 | 49,390 | Kertajati | 14 | 45457 |
| 32.10.15 | Jatitujuh | 73.66 | 50,864 | 55,192 | 56,484 | Jatitengah | 15 | 45458 |
| 32.10.16 | Ligung | 62.25 | 56,328 | 65,770 | 69,247 | Ligung | 19 | 45456 |
| 32.10.17 | Sumberjaya | 32.73 | 56,655 | 64,576 | 67,358 | Sumberjaya | 15 | 45455 (c) |
| Total | 1,204.24 | 1,166,473 | 1,305,476 | 1,352,541 | Majalengka | 343 |
Note: (a) comprising 10 kelurahan (Babakan Jawa, Cicurug, Cijati, Cikasarung, Majalengka Kulon, Majalengka Wetan, Munjul, Sindangkasih, Tarikolot and Tonjong) and 4 desa. (b) comprising 3 kelurahan (Cicenang, Cigasong and Simpeureum) and 7 desa.
(c) except for the village (desa) of Banjaran, which has a postcode of 45468.
The incumbent regency officer (Bupati) of this regency is Dr. H. Karna Sobahi.
Transportation
Road
In the colonial period, Majalengka became more accessible after the Anyer Panarukan post Road was routed through the regency. The government also improved the Majalengka-Ciamis road via Cikijing.[19]
Tram
A decree issued by the Cirebon Resident on 31 March 1900 authorized construction of a tram line from Kadipaten to Cirebon funded by sugar factories in Majalengka. Although initially designed to transport sugar, the tram later served public passengers and as military transport.[19]
Toll Road Access
| KM | Toll Road | Destination |
|---|---|---|
| 156 | Padaleunyi Toll Road | Cileunyi, Cirebon, Tasikmalaya, Majalengka |
| 158 | Cikopo-Palimanan Toll Road | Kertajati, Majalengka, Sumedang |
The new airport serves Bandung and West Java. The construction was started in 2015 and inaugurated in 2018 after the completion of the first phase.[20]
Tourism
Mount Panten
In March 2012, two foreign national champion paragliders surveyed Mount Panten. Landing area, wind velocity, and mainly take-off area are suitable for paragliding world championship. The take-off area is very vast, possible to make take-off for several paragliders at the same time, and cannot be found in other countries.[21]
Demographics
The earliest recorded census was conducted in 1829 by Cirebon Residency. The population was 132,257 people, of which 99.26% were pribumi. The remaining non-native population was dominated by the Chinese community making up 98.07% of that group. There were 32,271 households typically with two to three children each.[7]
In 1891 census, the population was 268,805 people.[22] In 1930, with population of 444,163 people and an area of 1,091 square kilometers, the density reached 407.12 people per square kilometer.[23] Within the Cirebon Residency, Majalengka ranked second in density just below Cirebon Regency. At the Provincie West Java level, it place third, following Cirebon Regency and Batavia.[24]
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1829 | 132,257 |
| 1847 | 128,218 |
| 1867 | 184,782 |
| 1873 | 201,211 |
| 1874 | 202,017 |
| 1875 | 201,987 |
| 1876 | 202,022 |
| 1891 | 268,805 |
| 1892 | 273,078 |
| 1893 | 274,675 |
| 1894 | 276,960 |
| 1930 | 444,163 |
| No. | District | Area (km²) | Indigenous | European | Chinese | Other Asian | Total Population | Density (per km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Majalengka | 215 | 119,441 | 222 | 1,188 | 121 | 120,972 | 562.66 |
| 2 | Jatiwangi | 460 | 126,275 | 92 | 1,247 | 224 | 127,838 | 277.91 |
| 3 | Rajagaluh | 159 | 82,201 | 61 | 557 | 46 | 82,865 | 521.16 |
| 4 | Talaga | 257 | 111,699 | 18 | 768 | 3 | 112,488 | 437.70 |
| Total | 1,091 | 439,616 | 393 | 3,760 | 394 | 444,163 | 407.12 |
References
- ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kabupaten Majalengka Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3210)
- ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ Falah 2011, p. 192.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 192–193.
- ^ Falah 2011, p. 193.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 194.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 197.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 197–198.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 198.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 199.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 199–200.
- ^ Falah 2011, p. 200.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 200–201.
- ^ a b c Falah 2011, p. 201.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 202.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 204.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 203.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 206.
- ^ Kertajati International Airport
- ^ "Atlet Paralayang Dunia, Matiaz Feraric Kunjungi Gunung Panten Majalengka". March 13, 2012.
- ^ a b Falah 2011, p. 195.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 195–196.
- ^ Falah 2011, p. 196.
- ^ Falah 2011, pp. 194–195.
Works cited
- Falah, Miftahul (June 2011). "Sejarah Sosial Ekonomi Majalengka pada Masa Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda (1819–1942)". Patanjala: Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya (in Indonesian). 3 (2). Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Bandung: 190–209.