MGM-15

MGM-15
Identifiers
  • methyl (E)-2-[(2S,3S,7aS,12aR,12bS)-3-ethyl-7a-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2,3,4,6,7,12,12a,12b-octahydro-1H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC23H32N2O5
Molar mass416.518 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC[C@@H]1CN2CC[C@]3([C@@H]([C@@H]2C[C@@H]1/C(=C\OC)/C(=O)OC)NC4=C3C(=CC=C4)OC)O
  • InChI=1S/C23H32N2O5/c1-5-14-12-25-10-9-23(27)20-17(7-6-8-19(20)29-3)24-21(23)18(25)11-15(14)16(13-28-2)22(26)30-4/h6-8,13-15,18,21,24,27H,5,9-12H2,1-4H3/b16-13+/t14-,15+,18+,21-,23+/m1/s1
  • Key:QXFXDJATKPXTFF-LIMHOZKTSA-N

MGM-15 is an opioid drug which is a semi-synthetic derivative of 7-hydroxymitragynine, a natural product derived from the South-East Asian tree kratom. MGM-15 was first reported in 2014. It is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of 7-hydroxymitragynine and shows higher potency as an agonist of the mu opioid receptor and delta opioid receptor compared to 7-hydroxymitragynine itself. MGM-15 has been sold as a designer drug since early 2025, initially in the USA. The 9-fluoro derivative of MGM-15 is known as MGM-16, and has even higher potency as an opioid agonist with around 240x the potency of morphine in animal studies.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

See also

References

  1. ^ Matsumoto K, Narita M, Muramatsu N, Nakayama T, Misawa K, Kitajima M, et al. (March 2014). "Orally active opioid μ/δ dual agonist MGM-16, a derivative of the indole alkaloid mitragynine, exhibits potent antiallodynic effect on neuropathic pain in mice". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 348 (3): 383–392. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208108. PMC 6067406. PMID 24345467.
  2. ^ Raffa RB, ed. (2014). Kratom and Other Mitragynines. doi:10.1201/b17666. ISBN 978-1-4822-2519-8.
  3. ^ Chin KY, Mark-Lee WF (2018). "A Review on the Antinociceptive Effects of Mitragyna speciosa and Its Derivatives on Animal Model". Current Drug Targets. 19 (12): 1359–1365. doi:10.2174/1389450118666170925154025. PMID 28950813.
  4. ^ Bhowmik S, Galeta J, Havel V, Nelson M, Faouzi A, Bechand B, et al. (June 2021). "Site selective C-H functionalization of Mitragyna alkaloids reveals a molecular switch for tuning opioid receptor signaling efficacy". Nature Communications. 12 (1) 3858. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.3858B. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23736-2. PMC 8219695. PMID 34158473.
  5. ^ Smith MT, Kong D, Kuo A, Imam MZ, Williams CM (February 2022). "Analgesic Opioid Ligand Discovery Based on Nonmorphinan Scaffolds Derived from Natural Sources". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 65 (3): 1612–1661. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01915. PMID 34995453.
  6. ^ Gour A, Mukhopadhyay S, Henderson A, Awad A, Seabra MA, Pullman M, et al. (September 2025). "From Kratom to Semi-Synthetic Opioids: The Rise and Risks of MGM-15". Drug Testing and Analysis dta.3952. doi:10.1002/dta.3952. PMID 40936282.
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