Lutjanidae

Lutjanidae
Temporal range:
Humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Lutjanidae
T. N. Gill, 1861[1]
Subfamilies

see text

Lutjanidae, the snappers and fusiliers, are a family of percomorph fishes, mainly marine but with some members inhabiting estuaries and, in some cases, fresh water (e.g., Lutjanus goldiei). The family includes about 113 species. Most species are used for food and many are of high economic importance. Many species around the world are known in local languages as red snapper, including species from different genera (including Lutjanus and Pristipomoides)

Snappers inhabit tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate regions of all oceans. Some snappers grow up to about 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, and one species, the cubera snapper, grows up to 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in) in length.[2] Most are active carnivores, feeding on crustaceans or other fishes,[3] though a few are plankton-feeders. They can be kept in aquaria, but commonly grow too fast to be popular aquarium fish. Most species live at depths reaching 100 m (330 ft) near coral reefs, but some species are found up to 500 m (1,600 ft) deep.[3]

As with other fishes, some snapper species host parasites. A detailed study conducted in New Caledonia has shown that coral reef-associated snappers host about nine species of parasites per fish species.[4]

Systematics

The following classification is based on Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes:[5][1]

The following fossil genera are also known:[6]

  • genus †Goujetia Bannikov, 2006 (Early Eocene of Italy)[7]
  • genus †Hypsocephalus Swift & Ellwood, 1972 (Late Eocene of Florida, US)[8]
  • genus †Lessinia Bannikov & Sorbini, 2014 (Early Eocene of Italy)[9]
  • genus †Ottaviania Sorbini, 1983 (Early Eocene of Italy)[7]
  • genus †Veranichthys Bannikov, 2006 (Early Eocene of Italy)[7]
  • species †"Caesio" breviuscula Bannikov, 2000 (earliest Eocene of Turkmenistan)[10]

The genus †Parapelates Bannikov, 2008 is likely also closely related to the snappers, though its taxonomic classification at the family level remains indeterminate.[11] A well-preserved skeleton of a potential fossil lutjanid or cichlid is known from the Middle Eocene of Cuba, representing one of the earliest records of the group from the Caribbean.[12]

The former family Caesionidae, the fusiliers, was previously treated as distinct due to their distinctive morphology.[13] However, it is now known to be paraphyletic with respect to the Lutjanidae, and its genera are now classified within the Lutjaninae.[6]

Timeline

References

  1. ^ a b Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. ^ "Cubera Snapper". blog.mountthis.net. Archived from the original on 2017-02-16. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
  3. ^ a b Bray, Dianne. "LUTJANIDAE". Fishes of Australia. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  4. ^ Justine, Jean-Lou; Beveridge, Ian; Boxshall, Geoffrey A; Bray, Rodney A; Miller, Terrence L; Moravec, František; Trilles, Jean-Paul; Whittington, Ian D (2012). "An annotated list of fish parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda) collected from Snappers and Bream (Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Caesionidae) in New Caledonia confirms high parasite biodiversity on coral reef fish". Aquatic Biosystems. 8 (1): 22. Bibcode:2012AqBio...8...22J. doi:10.1186/2046-9063-8-22. ISSN 2046-9063. PMC 3507714. PMID 22947621.
  5. ^ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Lutjanidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
  6. ^ a b Frédérich, Bruno; Santini, Francesco (2017-07-14). "Macroevolutionary analysis of the tempo of diversification in snappers and fusiliers (Percomorpha: Lutjanidae)". Belgian Journal of Zoology. 147 (1). doi:10.26496/bjz.2017.2. ISSN 2295-0451.
  7. ^ a b c Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2006). "Fishes from the Eocene of Bolca, northern Italy, previously classified in the Sparidae, Serranidae and Haemulidae (Perciformes)". Geodiversitas. 28 (2): 249–275.
  8. ^ Swift, Camm C.; Swift, Camm C.; Ellwood, Brooks (1972-06-23). "Hypsocephalus atlanticus, a new genus and species of Lutjanid fish from marine Eocene limestones of northern Florida". Contributions in Science. 230: 1––29. doi:10.5962/p.241214.
  9. ^ Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Zorzin, Roberto (2014). "A new genus and species of lutjanid fish (Perciformes) from the Eocene of Bolca, Northern Italy" (PDF). Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca. XV (12): 15–22.
  10. ^ Bannikov, A. F. (2000). "New Data on Late Paleocene Marine Percoids (Perciformes) of Turkmenistan". Journal of Ichthyology. 40 (8): 564–570.
  11. ^ Bannikov, Alexandre F. (2008). "Redescription of "Pelates" quindecimalis Agassiz, 1836, percoid fish (Perciformes) from the Eocene of Bolca, Italy". Miscellanea Paleontologica n. 9. Studi e Ricerche sui Giacimenti Terziari di Bolca (12): 57–64.
  12. ^ León, Johanset Orihuela; Izquierdo, Yasmani Ceballos; Garcés, Edelis Figueredo (2023). "Two Early Middle Eocene Marine Fish from eastern Cuba". Poeyana (514).
  13. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 457–458. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
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